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1. Adaptation- biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments
2. Evolution- the changes in the proportions of biological types in a population over time
3. Fossil- the geologically altered remains of a once-living organism and its behaviour.
4. Natural Selection- differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
5. Scientific Theory- a broad explanation for events that is widely accepted as true.
6. Fitness- biological science definition is the capacity of an organism to pass on its DNA to its progeny is referred to as biological fitness.
7. Charles Darwin- the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.
8. Continental Drift- large-scale horizontal movements of continents relative to one another and to the ocean basins during one or more episodes of geologic time.
9. Geographic Isolation- occurs when two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water.
10. Selective Breeding- the process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits

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-Cladogram
-Frequency
-ability of an organism to contribute to the next generation of its species.
-Hox genes influence the developmental fate of cells.
-All species living and extinct, are descended from a common ancestor.

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Who was Charles Darwin? | History in a Nutshell | Animated History

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1. What conclusion did Darwin come to based on what observed of the finches and tortoises while he was in the Galapagos islands?
Concluded that several birds from one species of finch had probably been blown by storm or otherwise separated each of the islands from one island or from the mainland.

2. What is artificial selection, and how is it used?
An evolutionary process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms

3. What is an example of a homologous structure?
Limbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats.

4.How did the Grant’s study finches in the Galapagos islands? What results in particular did they find that helped show natural selection?
He measured the sizes of their beaks and they found out how the beaks have evolved based on the type of food available to each generation.

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Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. This process causes species to change and diverge over time. Evolution is important because it explains how life developed on Earth and how different species are connected. Natural Selection can be used today by  leading speciation, where one species gives rise to a new and distinctly different species.