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Database: Gale Database for Kids is an exceptional digital resource for third-grade students engaging with marine life units due to its comprehensive and accessible nature. The interface is ideal for young learners and offers a wide range of resources including articles, images, videos, and educational activities. One of the database's key strengths lies in its curated content, which is carefully selected to be age-appropriate, accurate, and aligned with the third-grade marine life unit. The database also allows students to access articles in their preferred language and select the reading level. Teachers can also access lesson plans with Gale context resources. The district provides the subscription.

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Here are two activities that involve actor RYAN REYNOLDS. Edit and Restore the Quotes by Ryan Reynolds For this task, students need a sheet of paper and a pencil. Play the video and stop it when necessary. That's it! Video, Article, and Comprehension Questions For this task, I have students watch the video and read ...

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Creating bookmarks is a seriously underrated activity to pass the time and get your creativity flowing.

Coloring bookmarks are a fun, cheap, and easy way to be present while creating something beautiful and practical. Decorating printable bookmarks is also an activity kids will enjoy. Not only do they encourage a love of reading, but your kids can practice important skills like cutting and coloring.

Download, save, print, and laminate them to create the perfect placeholders for your nightly book, classroom library, or gifts for your family. Coloring isn't just for kids, so let your creative juices flow with our fun printable bookmarks.

Animal-Themed Printable Bookmarks

Featuring whimsical illustrations of diverse animals, these detailed animal bookmarks are a winner. The intricate designs invite young artists to explore their creativity and practise their fine motor cutting skills. With cute animals, repeating patterns, and inspirational reading reminders, these fun bookmarks are sure to be a hit with your kids.

Fun Tip: Print two pages and create double-sided bookmarks.

Space and Underwater Coloring Bookmarks

Reading is all about being transported somewhere new. Adults and kids alike have a fascination with space and the ocean, and these fun bookmarks are the perfect opportunity for kids to explore the mysteries of outer space and the treasures hidden beneath the waves.

Fun Tip: Add some foil to the outer space bookmarks and use glitter to make the stars pop. Your kids can create interesting textures on the underwater bookmarks if they use watercolor paints. Simply sprinkle salt onto the wet paint and watch the magic happen.

Cute Character Printable Bookmarks

The designs on these beautiful bookmarks are eye-catching and super cute. You can print them on cardstock and use them as a fun classroom activity. Printable bookmarks to color are a great way to get new readers excited and help them overcome their nerves.

Fun Tip: Draw lines on the back of the bookmark so that kids can write the names of the books they have read and enjoyed.

Dinosaur Coloring Bookmarks

Dinosaur-themed bookmark coloring pages are a prehistoric delight for young adventurers. I mean, what kid doesn't go through a dinosaur phase at some stage? Kids can use crayons and markers to create texture as they personalise each bookmark. The lowercase letters are also a fun way to reinforce letter sounds.

Fun Tip: Include a few interesting dinosaur facts on the back. Use simple language so beginner readers can read them independently.

The Quirky Characters

I love that reading encourages kids to use their imaginations. It gives them the chance to dream and be curious. These quirky, fun bookmarks are perfect for those wacky books that make you laugh out loud. The crazy characters give kids the freedom to play with color, while the details encourage them to color with care.

Fun Tip: Kids can use the lines to keep track of their reading goals or the books they have read. But they could also use them to write down words they really like or think are cool.

Coloring Bookmarks with Quotes

Our free printable bookmarks are for kids of all ages. Coloring has amazing stress-relieving benefits that older kids can benefit from and these bookmarks are a perfect option. The illustrations are more mature and the designs look like stained glass windows.

Fun Tip: After laminating the bookmarks, punch a hole at the top and create a tassel using yarn.

Garden-Inspired Printable Bookmarks

If you want more options for older kids or even for yourself, look no further. The intricate patterns encourage kids to color with precision but also offer a wealth of opportunities for creativity. These bookmarks would make a great gift for friends and family, particularly grandparents.

Fun Tip: Our bookmark coloring pages come with 28 beautiful bookmarks, so why not share them? As a family, you can color the bookmarks and laminate them before dropping them off at your local library or senior center. It's a simple activity that you and your kids can use to spread kindness and joy.

Every Book Needs a Bookmark

Reading is the gift that keeps on giving, and every good book deserves a beautiful bookmark. Not only will our bookmark printables keep your kids busy, but they will also encourage them to be more intentional about their reading habits.

With so many fun options to choose from, you will also have plenty to share!

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28 Free Printable Coloring Bookmarks for Every Readers

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Coloring bookmarks is a seriously underrated activity for all ages to pass the time and get creativity juice flowing.

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Be Kind Printable Bookmarks Coloring Page

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Color your world of reading with Crayola Free Be Kind Printable Bookmarks. Decorate each one to bring a spark of imagination to your reading adventures! Learn more.

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Here are some fun bookmarks that will add some color and pizazz to any library. Use them in your classroom library or at home. I have a few friends who are building these cute lending libraries in their front yards for their neighborhoods. They are so cute!

Color in these bookmarks, laminate and cut out.... or just print out on some card stock. Enjoy!

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Free coloring Bookmarks. Great for classrooms and libraries. Make reading a little more colorful!

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Free Printable Bookmarks to Color! ⋆ The Hollydog Blog

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Check out these fun Free Printable Bookmarks to Color! Make reading even more fun by having your little ones color in their own bookmark.

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Schools can apply to get copies of LGBTQ+ books for free!

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GLSEN Rainbow Library | A program that sends LGBTQ+ affirming K-12 books to schools - for free!

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Launched in 2019 by GLSEN, a national organization that advocates for LGBTQ+ inclusion in K-12 schools, the Rainbow Library has sent book sets to 1,700 locations across the United States. And interest has skyrocketed, with the program fielding 1,000 requests since September alone.

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This checklist is helpful for lesson planning

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As you review your lesson, list both existing content and possible changes in each section.

Plan meaningful activities that integrate lesson concepts (e.g., surveys, letter writing, simulations, constructing models) with language practice opportunities for reading, writing, listening, and/or speaking.
List them:

Provide hands-on materials and/or manipulatives for students to practice using new content knowledge.
List materials:

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As you review your lesson, list both existing content and possible changes in each section. Plan meaningful activities that integrate lesson concepts (e.g., surveys, letter writing, simulations, constructing models) with language practice opportunities for reading, writing, listening, and/or speaking. List them: Provide hands-on materials and/or manipulatives for students to practice using new content knowledge.

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Provided by Salem State University

LBS 815

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This site is maintained by Linda Bertland, retired school librarian.

This is gold!

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Resources for School Librarians - Index
Up to Top

Policies and Expectations - Grand View Elementary School library, Manhattan Beach, CA.

Library and Overdue Policies - Schuylerville Elementary School, Schuylerville, NY.

Library Rules and Procedures - Emmaus High School, PA

Library Rules - Schuylkill Elementary School, Phoenixville, PA

Te Totara Primary School Policies - Hamilton, NZ

Policies and Procedures - University High School Library, Urbana, IL.

Rethinking School Library Fines - an article by Mica Johnson in Knowledge Quest, Dec. 12, 2018.

More Support for Ending School Library Fines - an article by Mica Johnson in Knowledge Quest, March 21, 2019.

Library Policy for Overdue or Lost or Damaged library books - From Shaull Elementary School. No library fines for late books.

Ridley High School. No library fines for late books.

Internet Use Policies - Students should be informed about the rules for use of library computers. Note that clicking this will take you to another page.

Up to Top

This site is maintained by Linda Bertland, retired school librarian, Philadelphia, PA. Please address any comments, additions, or corrections to info@sldirectory.com.

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School library procedure manuals, student and faculty handbooks, guides for volunteers, and ideas for new school librarians

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Britannica Escolar is an educational resource designed specifically for Spanish-speaking students. It's a digital platform that offers a wide range of reliable and age-appropriate information on various subjects, including history, science, literature, and more. Britannica Escolar provides articles, images, videos, and interactive learning activities tailored to the needs of students from kindergarten through high school. It aims to support Spanish-speaking students in their academic pursuits by providing them with accurate and comprehensive educational content.

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Hmm. We need some more information before we can send you to Britannica Escolar (K-8).

These resources are for:

Massachusetts Library Card holders
OR
Persons physically in Massachusetts

You are here because we couldn't determine your status automatically. Choose a method to try again!

Mass Library Card Number:

*We don't keep location information. See our privacy policy.

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Hmm. We need some more information before we can send you to Britannica Escolar (K-8). These resources are for: Massachusetts Library Card holders ORPersons physically in Massachusetts You are here because we couldn't determine your status automatically. Choose a method to try again! Mass Library Card Number: *We don't keep location information.

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Database: Gale Database for Kids is an exceptional digital resource for third-grade students engaging with marine life units due to its comprehensive and accessible nature. The interface is ideal for young learners and offers a wide range of resources including articles, images, videos, and educational activities. One of the database's key strengths lies in its curated content, which is carefully selected to be age-appropriate, accurate, and aligned with the third-grade marine life unit. The database also allows students to access articles in their preferred language and select the reading level. Teachers can also access lesson plans with Gale context resources. The district provides the subscription.

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MSLA's guidance on IF and Censorship

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Book challenges in Massachusetts' school and public libraries have quadrupled in just one year*, mirroring the surge the American Library Association has reported nationwide. Challenges here reflect a national agenda that targets specific members of our communities including LGBTQ+ individuals and people of color.

The Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners (MBLC), The Massachusetts Library Association (MLA), The Massachusetts Library System (MLS), and The Massachusetts School Library Association (MSLA) support library staff's efforts to ensure free, equal, and open access to information, guaranteed to everyone regardless of age or citizenship status, under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. We oppose censorship and intolerance, uphold the American Library Association's Library Bill of Rights, and affirm:

Massachusetts public library staff are acting in accordance with state law chapter 78, section 33 when they develop collections that reflect the breadth of the human experience, which is both diverse and interconnected. The law states, "The board of trustees of a free public library in any city or town... shall establish a written policy for the selection of library materials and the use of materials and facilities in accordance with standards adopted by the American Library Association."

Massachusetts public library staff cannot be dismissed for providing diverse library collections. State law Chapter 78, section 33 states, "No employee shall be dismissed for the selection of library materials when the selection is made in good faith and in accordance with the approved policy adopted pursuant to the provisions of this section."

Massachusetts librarians are professionals and educators, many of whom have master's degrees in library and information science. They are parents, former students, neighbors, teachers, and contributing members of our communities. They include people who identify as LGBTQ+ and as people of color working for inclusion to ensure all people feel seen and heard.

Licensed school library teachers match students with age-appropriate materials to foster the love of reading and instill curiosity for academic learning which is important considering reading ability is linked to high school graduation rates.

Attacks on members of our communities, targeted at marginalized peoples, are more than book challenges. They are acts of intolerance and exclusion intended to silence diverse voices and views, while holding fast to homogenous viewpoints by historically dominant voices. These acts jeopardize everyone's access to learn from different perspectives and limit the opportunities available for those isolated in their experience to realize they are not alone.

In Massachusetts we have a history of uniting behind what we know is right. Massachusetts was first in the nation to offer free library services to all. Today our libraries fulfill a vision spelled out in our state constitution, "Wisdom and knowledge, as well as virtue, diffused generally among the body of the people, being necessary for the preservation of their rights and liberties; and as these depend on spreading the opportunities and advantages of education in the various parts of the country, and among the different orders of the people."
Join us in supporting libraries.
Endorsing Organizations

To add the support of an entire organization, please email mblclibrary@gmail.com

Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners

Massachusetts Library Association

Massachusetts Library System

Massachusetts School Library Association

SAILS Library Network

CW MARS Library Network

Forbes Library, Northampton

NOBLE: North of Boston Library Exchange

Minuteman Library Network

Endorsing Individuals

Support comes from individuals across the Commonwealth. ​Join us in supporting libraries.

---

* Per state data from the American Library Association

** Library Research Service: School Libraries Impact Studies

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Joint Statement on Intellectual Freedom and Censorship

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Book challenges in Massachusetts' school and public libraries have quadrupled in just one year*, mirroring the surge the American Library Association has reported nationwide. Challenges here reflect a national agenda that targets specific members of our communities including LGBTQ+ individuals and people of color.

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Kaplan, Allison & Riedling, Ann. (2002). Catalog It! A Guide to Cataloging School Library Materials.

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Mardis, Marcia A. The Collection Program in Schools: Concepts and Practices. Available from: VitalSource Bookshelf, (7th Edition). Bloomsbury USA, 2021.

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Using applications like Canva to create infographics is a great way to advocate for funds.

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Putting On the Professional Development Hat by Carl A. Harvey II

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Visual Supports

Lexipedia

www.lexipedia.com

Lexipedia is a visual dictionary and thesaurus that lists a word’s nouns, verbs, adverbs, etc. It is easy to navigate and hepful for anyone trying to learn more about the word/term. It is a free tool that anyone can use.

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Executive Function -Tasks Board by google 

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Executive Function -Tasks Board by google 

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Executive Function

Tasks by google

https://tasksboard.com/app

Tasks Board by Google allow the user to make digital lists that can be organized by item, link sites, and documents. You can add tasks to your google calendar. I use this tool on my phone and computer. The app can be downloaded to a mobile device and tasks can be accessed through Gmail, Calendar, Chat, Drive, or a file in Google Docs, Sheets, or Slides on the right-side menu. You can also share your to-do list with others! This is a free tool I use daily.

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TasksBoard | Desktop app for Google Tasks

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Get more done with the Google Tasks desktop app. Manage, edit and share your tasks from Mac, Windows, or directly from your browser.

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Engagement

Kahoot.com

Kahoot! Is a great interactive quiz site that allows teachers to present the questions and allow students to answer live. It is a free tool for students that teachers can be billed to use. Teachers have access to study modes that can be used by students.

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Communicating

Proloquo2Go AAC

https://apps.apple.com/us/app/proloquo2go-aac/id308368164

Proloquo2Go AAC is an app available through the App Store. It is a communication app for people who are unable to speak. The app is $249.00 It comes with preloaded words and voices. Users may also select language. The cost may discourage educators and families from purchasing. From the app store photos, the app looks easy to navigate.

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Prodigy English https://www.prodigygame.com/

Prodigy English is an adaptive learning game that is aligned with standards. It is free and teachers can upload their class list to see their progress. Families may also purchase a monthly subscription. The game is easy to navigate, although there may be too many prompts at the beginning of the game and students may get discouraged.

I previously used Prodigy Math with my students in elementary grades. I have not used Prodigy English.

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Sora by Overdrive  soraapp.com

Students can check out books, teachers can assign books, students can highlight the text and export their notes, gain badges for reading, see reading stats, and borrow from local libraries!

The app can access online and downloaded to their devices. The app is free to activate, and you get access to books; schools may also purchase specific books for students to have access to. Boston Public Schools has purchased digital books for their library and students have access to all MA digital libraries.

Tha app is easy to navigate. You may search for books, audio books, and filter in several categories. I have activated my nephews’ Sora accounts and they have been able to read most of their summer reading. The graphic novels have been a hit for them. It is important to encourage reading and make it accessible to all.

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The Secretary of the Commonwealth's Kids’ Zone 

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The Secretary of the Commonwealth's Kids’ Zone 

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The Secretary of the Commonwealth's Kids’ Zone has activities for students in elementary-high school students. The site is simple to navigate. The site can be used for independent work or can be adapted to a teacher’s presentation to include updated graphics.

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The Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts’ Kids’ Zone - Games, Puzzles, Interactive learning

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William Francis Galvin Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts

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The Recycling Simplified Education Program by Republic Services 

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The Recycling Simplified Education Program by Republic Services 

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Republic Services is a waste recycling services company. The Recycling Simplified Education is a site dedicated to promoting recycling and awareness to students in Prek-12th! The lessons and activities were designed by teachers and are aligned with learning standards, The site is easy to navigate.

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These Terms and Conditions ("Terms") govern your access to and use of http://recyclingsimplified.com, including any microsites or mobile versions of the site or microsites (collectively the "Website") operated by Republic Services, Inc. ("Republic Services"). Your access to or use of the Website constitutes your acceptance of these Terms and results in a binding agreement between you and Republic Services.

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BWSC offers a Green Infrasture curriculum in partnership with BPS for Grades 5 and 7. Linked is the 5th grade lesson plan. The site also include additional information to learn more about the water and sewer systems in Boston. The site has a dedicated tab labeled environment & education for anyone to access.

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Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Virtual Learning

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Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Virtual Learning

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The Arnold Arboretum is a museum of trees. Teachers may organize a self-paced trip. Also, there are virtual learning opportunities for grades k-5. Although there are only three presentations. Teachers can use them to supplement lessons in class. The museum is in Boston. I recommend teachers to book a trip, as it allows students to observe nature.

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The Arboretum offers many opportunities for students and their teachers to continue connecting with nature and learning about natural phenomenon virtually. Read below to find your next adventure!

30-Minute Nature

These are ready-made Google Slides available for download and use with Grades K-5 students. Their purpose is to allow children to notice and observe nature, engage in thoughtful science talk, and discover playful ways to take this learning outdoors. Each slide deck comes with extensive Teacher Notes in the speaker notes section of every slide. Each slide deck provides 30 minutes of nature learning, but inspires a lifetime of nature noticing!

Often one does not get to see the many animals that live in nearby habitats, but with a good eye, anyone can find the evidence they leave behind. This 'whodunit' deck of slides challenges students to carefully observe a piece of evidence, analyze the 'suspects,' make a claim, and explain the reasoning for their choice. Afterward, students can search for animal signs in their own schoolyard.

Nature has many different ways to tell us that the season is changing. Learn about some of the sights and sounds of emerging spring, then challenge your students to get outdoors and find them all.

Did you know that plants have many weapons in their arsenal to fight back against animal predation and environmental dangers? Discover physical and chemical defense mechanisms that allow plants to survive and thrive in New England habitats. Students can then get outside and discover the super heroes of their schoolyards.

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The Arboretum offers many opportunities for students and their teachers to continue connecting with nature and learning about natural phenomenon virtually. Read below to find your next adventure! 30-Minute Nature These are ready-made Google Slides available for download and use with Grades K-5 students. Their purpose is to allow children to notice and observe nature, [...]

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This is a great start to creating lesson plans and activities for third-grade social studies class. The resource is from the Secretary of Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The .pdf itself is a teacher’s guide so teachers would need to adapt it. This resource is an accessible classroom resource that does not require any additional funding; however, I would recommend that we book a field trip to either visit the state house or Walk the Freedom Trail. The resource also provides a comprehensive list of field trip sites.

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Mass Center for Civic Education is a non-profit program that promotes civic education in Massachusetts in public and private schools. There are lesson plans for PreK-12th grade. The lesson plans follow the state standards. There is a section on the site for the state standards, but it is not updated. The lessons provide an overview of the topic, activities, and additional resources. The format of the lesson plans is colorful and inviting for children to complete as a whole class, in small groups, or independent activities.

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Take a look at the lesson plans that are offered by the Center for Civic Education. The lesson plans are broken down by age group. Click the buttons below for more information.

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MOS at School is available in Kahoot! for teachers to access in the classroom. The site has resources for Grades 1-7. The slides are made to be presentations like a video or a quiz. Teachers can display their screen so students can see who is winning the quiz. You may filter for subjects and grades. The Kahoots!! are supplemental to align with the standards.

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn - any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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The New England Aquarium provides resources for teachers to use in the classroom and even at home! There are activity worksheets that should be used while in the aquarium, such as seal observations. It is still a useful site as it has experiments to do at home. The worksheets may also be used to collect data and applied to math lessons.

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For Home or the Classroom

Explore our list of fun and educational activities which may be used in the classroom or adapted for home. Use these resources with young learners before or after an Aquarium field trip or on their own.

The following PDFs are available to download.

Other Activities

Ideas for Penguin Activities

Mural

On a large map, find the areas where penguins are found throughout the Southern Hemisphere. On a separate piece of paper, draw picture of each penguin species. Then, cut the pictures out and attach them to the map where that penguin is found.

Research

Research the natural history of penguins and write a short report and include an illustration on each one of the 18 different species. Compile the reports and illustrations in a book for all to share.

Food webs

Penguins are a part of a food chain that may include shrimp, fish, krill, whales and seals. Construct a simple food web that shows which animal eats what.

Birds

Discuss how penguins compare with birds that live in your neighborhood. Discuss the things that all living things need to survive. What special adaptations do different birds have that allow them to survive in their habitats?

Create-a-bird

Penguins are very well adapted to their life at sea. They have heavy bones, streamlined bodies and waterproof feathers. Think about how adaptations help an animal survive. Then design your own bird with features to help it survive in an unusual habitat-such as in the desert, on the moon, in a city or on top of a mountain. What would it look like? What would it eat? How would it protect itself?

My Life as a Penguin

Based on your knowledge of penguins, write a short story called "My Life as a Penguin."

Conservation

Many penguin species are in danger. Discuss other endangered and protected species such as the bald eagle, peregrine falcon, or the North Atlantic right whale. What are the reasons these animals are threatened? How can we help these animals?

Counting the Fish in the Sea

Some scientists believe that there is a growing shortage of fish in the sea. They believe the reason is that we have captured too many fish. This is called "overfishing." To help prevent overfishing, government has to set limits, called "quotas", on how many fish fishermen can catch in a year. In order to decide on quotas, the government needs to know the total number of fish that live there. They rely on scientists to find out.

But how can scientists tell? They couldn't possibly count every fish, especially when they can't see them all. The ocean is so big and fish spend all of their time underwater!

The truth is, scientists don't count every animal. Instead, they count some of the animals, then make an estimate using basic math.

Scientists are especially interested in the number of fish that live within limited areas. This is called the "population density." For example, scientists believe that, at certain times of the year, certain kinds of fish generally keep to a "neighborhood" or habitat off the coast of New England. They can find out whether the population density of this kind of fish is growing or shrinking by keeping track of the population density within a habitat over a number of years.

One method researchers use is fairly simple. They go out in boats, catch the fish, place "tags" on a certain number of them, and release them back into the ocean. One week, for example, they will tag twenty fish. The next week, they will return to the same area of the ocean and count every fish they see. Maybe they will see and count two hundred. Out of that two hundred, they find that ten of those fish have tags on them. They can assume that if they saw another two hundred fish, they would find the other ten tags. They can then estimate that there are about four hundred fish living in that habitat.

Do it yourself

This mathematics experiment is similar to the way scientists estimate population density. Guess the number of pennies/buttons without having to count every one.

Materials

Small jar or bowl

lots of small objects such as pennies or buttons

water-based paint

pen/pencil

Directions

1. Place the pennies/buttons in a jar or bowl.

2. Remove a big handful of the objects and paint a mark on each of them to "tag" them.

3. Count how many you have "tagged" and write this number next to "A" in the space provided.

4. When the paint is completely dry, place the marked pennies/buttons back into the container. Mix very well with the unmarked objects by shaking or stirring the jar.

5. With your eyes closed, again remove a big handful of the pennies/buttons. Count the number of items you have removed and write this number next to "B" in the space provided. If there are no marked objects in your sample, you need to collect more and add those to your total in B.

6. Count the number of "tagged" objects in your sample and write that number next to "C."

7. To estimate the total number of objects in the jar, multiply "A" times "B," and divide the result by "C."

8. Thus, (A x B)/C = approximate number of objects in jar.
Repeat this several times, trying different size samples: two handfuls, a cupful, etc.

9. Make sure to mix them back into the total population of objects every time. Remember, this is only an estimate. The larger the sample you take, the closer your guess will be to the exact total.

10. After many guesses, count all of the pennies or buttons and see how close your guesses were.

How Animals Stay Warm

People have followed examples set by animals for ages. For instance, the design of our winter parka imitates the ways that various animals stay warm. The muskrat, for example, has to stay warm in icy water and in the cold air, so it grows double layers of thick fur. The fluffy, inner coat traps warm air and keeps it close to the muskrat. The long, outer guard hairs are waterproof, so the muskrat stays warm and dry even when there's ice in the water. Whales and seals depend on a thick layer of body fat called blubber to keep them warm in the cold New England seas. The blubber on a large whale can be up to 24 inches thick. It is almost impossible for the cold to get through the blubber and chill the whale. (Thick fur and blubber are two ways that some animals stay warm. But people have another way of beating the cold: sipping hot cocoa!)

Do It Yourself

To learn how blubber works, make a "blubber mitt" and see how it protects from the cold.

Materials

Make a Blubber Mitt and see how it protects from the cold

One cup solid shortening

Two zip-top sandwich bags

Duct tape

Directions

1. Put one cup of of shortening into a ziptop bag.

2. Put your hand into the empty ziptop bag.

3. Put your hand with the bag on it into the bag containing the shortening.

4. Keeping your hand in the first bag, squeeze and spread the shortening until it surrounds your hand like an oven mitt. (Take care to keep your hands dry.)

5. To make sure the shortening doesn't escape, seal the tops of the bags together with duct tape.

6. Put the mitt on and test it out by sticking the protected hand in a bucket of snow or ice water. The "blubber" in the mitt will protect your hand from the cold. Hold an ice cube in the palm of the mitt. Can you feel the cold?

Make Your Own Deep Sea Vent

Imagine you are a scientist in a miniature submarine, sinking slowly to the ocean floor. 90 minutes later, you have traveled almost two miles down and the water temperature outside your vessel is now barely above freezing. The bright search lights are turned on and you peer out into the murky water. You don't expect to find much life here; besides being extremely cold and dark, the pressure at this depth is 275 times that at sea level. As your submarine maneuvers around a rock formation, you see a smoking chimney of dark water rising from the ocean floor. A bizarre community of animals is gathered here - eight-foot-long red worms protruding from milky-white tubes, giant clams, big yellow jellyfish that look like dandelions hanging by strings and blind fish that resemble giant tadpoles.

In 1977, this imaginative journey came to life, as researchers aboard the deep-diving submarine Alvin discovered mysterious chimneys, or vents, and the incredible variety of life around them. Just as warm water is forced up to the earth's surface in the form of hot springs like "Old Faithful" in Yellowstone Park, these underwater vents are escape points for water trapped below the ocean floor. Heated by underground volcanic activity, this water may reach a temperature of 570 degrees Fahrenheit inside the vent, but then cools quickly when it mixes with the near-freezing water at the ocean floor. The area directly around these vents stays at about 55 degrees Fahrenheit.

Biologists are very curious about the life around deep-sea vents. For example, how do these animals survive in this unusual environment? On earth, all life forms depend on energy from the sun to survive. The animals living near these underwater vents, however, seem to be an exception. Scientists, have discovered that the deep sea vent animals depend on chemicals in the water, rather than sunlight for energy. This process is called chemosynthesis. Research also indicates that the vents are not permanent and may close up 50-100 years after they break open. If they do close, where do the animals go? How do they live? Perhaps these questions will be answered as scientific explorations of the sea continue.

Do it yourself

Make a model of the hot water of a deep sea vent in the cold water of the ocean.

Materials

Make your own deep sea vent

One large glass container

One small bottle

Food coloring

A piece of string

Hot and cold water

Directions

1. Fill the large glass container with very cold water.

2. Tie one end of the string around the neck of the small bottle.

3. Fill the small bottle with hot water and add a few drops of food coloring.

4. Keeping the small bottle upright, carefully lower it into the glass container until it rests on the bottom.

5. Watch what happens. What does this tell you about deep sea vents?

Why Doesn't the Ocean Freeze?

In New England, winters are cold enough to freeze the surfaces of ponds and lakes. But why doesn't the ocean freeze along the New England coast? And how do the animals that live in ponds survive when they freeze?

If you've ever visited a pond during the summertime, you were probably aware that you were not alone. The buzzing of insects, the croaking of frogs and the splashing of fish show that the pond is home to many living things. However, if you go to a pond in winter, you may think that the wildlife have packed their bags and gone on vacation for the holiday season. With the exception of a few animal tracks, the area may seem deserted. Where did the pond's inhabitants go?

First, ponds freeze from the top down, and rarely freeze all the way through. (Shallow ponds are more likely to freeze than deep ponds.) The layer of ice at the top of the pond protects the water underneath from the extreme temperatures and the wind.

Each animal has its own way of dealing with the winter cold. Many birds fly south in the winter. Certain ducks stay, and can be seen feeding in unfrozen water. Frogs and turtles burrow in the mud at the edge or at the bottom of the pond. Some may burrow under leaves onshore. There, they hibernate - or sleep - through the harsh weather. Their breathing and heartbeat slow, and their body temperature lowers to conserve energy.

Beavers spend the fall months gathering and storing their favorite greens near their lodges so that they don't have to search for food in the winter. Other small mammals such as muskrats, weasels and raccoons are active in the winter, scouring the edge of the ice for food underneath.

Other living things prepare for the spring. In the fall, some insects lay eggs that are tough enough to withstand the winter cold. When the pond warms up again, the eggs hatch and new life flourishes.

Do it yourself

Try this activity to see how salt water freezes in comparison to fresh water. Think about what this means for the animals that live in ponds compared to animals that live in the ocean.

Materials

2 small paper cups

1 tsp. salt

2/3 cup cold tap water

pen/pencil/marker

level space in the freezer

Directions:

Label one cup fresh water and the other cup salt water.

Place 1/3 cup of tap water in each paper cup.

Add 1 tsp. of salt to the cup labeled salt water.

Place both cups in the freezer in a level place for one to one-and-a-half hours

Check the cups of water. Break the ice in the fresh water cup. Is it frozen all the way through? Is the ice in the center of the water, the bottom of the water, or on the surface of the water? Might a pond freeze this way?

Did the salt water freeze? Chances are, the salt water is cloudy but did not freeze. We know that fresh water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. However, the mixture of water and salt needs much colder temperatures to freeze. This is why the ocean only freezes in very cold places, near land closer to the north and south poles.

Concept Web for Coastline Components

This activity helps students describe the various components that make up a coastline.

Materials

Chart paper or chalkboard

Chalk, pens, pencils, or markers

Directions

Write down a coastline concept such as "salt marsh" in the middle of a big piece of paper or chalkboard.

Draw a circle around it and have the students think of the main components that make up a coastline.

Then have the students consider additional features that come to mind.

Add those words and phrases connected by a line to the central idea.

Continue to add descriptions of features for each new phrase added until you feel it gives a comprehensive picture of all that salt marsh encompass.

Variation: This activity could also be done after visiting a site.

Invent an Invertebrate

In this activity, students design and create an animal out of various items (including recycled or arts and crafts materials) that has special adaptations needed to survive the demands posed by its intertidal habitat. This activity has been adapted from New England Coastlines, New England Aquarium Education Department Curriculum Guide (1996).

Materials

Miscellaneous art, craft or recycled materials, (i.e. pipe cleaners, toothpicks, foam packing, colored paper, cotton swabs, yarn, tubes, egg cartons etc).

Invent an Invertebrate worksheet (pdf, 35kb)

Markers and pencils

Method

1. Have the class brainstorm a list of the challenges an organism faces living in a coastal habitat. You may want to distinguish between challenges faced in any coastal habitat and challenges unique to specific habitats; for example: "avoiding being eaten - all habitats" vs. "avoiding being washed away by waves - rocky and sandy coast habitats."

2. Working with the materials provided, challenge students to design and construct a never-before-seen animal or plant that is adapted to the conditions and challenges of the specific habitat recently visited (sandy, rocky, salt marsh or tidal mudflat).

3. Use the Invent an Invertebrate worksheet to describe the organism and its adaptations.

Discussion topics

Why are adaptations important?

How do animals use adaptations?

What adaptations did you create for the new organism?

How did you decide what to create?

What factors did you consider?

Let's Learn About Fish

This activity acquaints students with vocabulary and concepts and prompts them to record their observations and formulate questions.

What you need

A book about fish, such as What's It Like To Be A Fish?

A poster-size sheet of paper (a Post-it™ Easel Pad sheet works well)

An observation worksheet for each student with room to draw and describe a fish

Discussion questions

Marker

Tape

Pencils

Colored pencils (optional)

What to Do

1. Mark the pad sheet into three columns or use three different sheets for a KWL chart.

2. Ask students to sit on the floor around you. Read or paraphrase the book or selected
sections. Keep younger students engaged by relating breathing, movement, and other aspects of the fish to the students' own bodies.

3. Ask the students to help you fill in the first column of the chart and to tell what they know about fish. Wait for most, if not all, hands to be raised before calling on a student to speak.

4. Write responses in the first column, emphasizing vocabulary words that you would like to reinforce.

5. Now ask the students to help you fill in the second column. Ask them to tell the class what they want to know or learn about fish. Younger students may have difficulty formulating questions. It may help to give them a model for starting their queries such as "I wonder..."; "Why do fish...?"; "How do fish...?"; "What do fish...?" Ask them to think about these questions and ask them to write down any other questions they think of later.

6. Upon entering the Aquarium or before looking at a classroom tank, hand out the student observation worksheets and pencils. If you are on a field trip at the Aquarium, it is ideal if you can divide the students among the chaperones and have each group go to a different exhibit.

7. Ask students the discussion questions to elicit student observing, writing, drawing, and questioning.

8. After observing fish at the Aquarium or in the classroom, hold a discussion about what the students observed or wrote and drew on their sheets.

9. You may want to have students research their fish and complete the last column in small groups based on their observations and research and have them report to the rest of the class.

Discussion Questions

Which fish did you observe?

What did your fish look like?

What did it do?

Why do you think it was doing those things?

Where does it live?

How does it interact with its environment?

How does it interact with other fish that are like it?

How does it interact with other types of fish or animals in the same tank?

Were there other animals in the same tank?

What were they?

What does your fish need to live?

Optional Activities

Compare two or three types of fish using a Venn diagram.

Have students research the answers to the questions in column two on the chart.

Have students write a story about their fish or imagine what happens in the exhibit tank at night when visitors and staff go home.

Field Trips to the Aquarium

Visiting the New England Aquarium is a fun and engaging way to reinforce lessons learned in the classroom, promote discovery, and instill a sense of wonder for ocean animals and habitats.

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Educational Resources and Activities - New England Aquarium

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The Commonwealth Museum has online exhibitions free of cost. Students may learn the history of Halloween along with Guest Exhibitions. The exhibitions are slides that are easy to navigate. This resource would be great as supplemental to a lesson. If possible, I recommend going to the museum in the spring to have lunch by the harbor. Within the area, there are 3 museums within walking distance and UMass Boston is also in the vicinity.

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A Division of William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Interactive exhibits bring history alive at the Commonwealth Museum.

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JSTOR is a digital library of journal articles, books, images, and primary sources. This site requires you to search by subject or topic therefore it is recommended that high school students use this site.  Previously, the collection was accessible without login through Expanded Access due to COVID-19, but it ended on June 30, 2023.

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JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources.

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The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 

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The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 

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The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History is an organization focused in accessing sources for K-12 history education. A log in or subscription is required to access some documents. There are spotlighted primary sources that are accessible without a log in or subscription. The site offers lesson plans and classroom resources. There are self-paced courses for high school students.

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Search | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

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American Battlefield Trust (battlefields.org)

American Battlefield Trust maintains records of the American battlegrounds.  The site has an abundance of resources about the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Civil War. There is a section for primary sources that can ease your search. The site is great for middle school grades and up.

*I especially enjoyed the photographs.

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The First American President: Setting the Precedent

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StoryCorps is a database of recorded stories of the American people. The stories are aired on NPR and available on the site. If an individual is interested in sharing their story, they can book an appointment with the mobile tour facilitators. This site is great for 4th graders and up. Many stories are less than 4 minutes long. You may search by keywords, location, 12 collections, or year. There are also animations of stories.

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Stories from people of all backgrounds and beliefs

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DocsTeach-Complaint in Intervention from El Comite De Padres Pro Defensa De La Education Bilingue

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DocsTeach-Complaint in Intervention from El Comite De Padres Pro Defensa De La Education Bilingue

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DocsTeach is an extension of the National Archives. The site is used to access primary sources. The database is searchable by keyword. The site also has activities that educators may use in the classroom. Social studies or history classes can use this site when learning about historical events. This site is ideal for middle school grades and up.

*I specifically searched about the Complaint in Intervention from El Comite De Padres Pro Defensa De La Education Bilingue because I wanted to learn more about the history of the school I work at. This will be helpful for our students 8th graders in AP Spanish.

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Complaint in Intervention from El Comite De Padres Pro Defensa De La Education Bilingue

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The online tool for teaching with documents, from the National Archives

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This is the official government site for Canada. The site is available in both English and French. This site it good for those needing guidance navigating departments such as transportation, health, immigration & citizenship. The site may be used for 8th grade and up.

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Get quick, easy access to all Government of Canada services and information.

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This site is the legislature site. It is unclear how often the site is updated.

This site is in Spanish but has Google Translate capabilities. This site may be used in 8th-12th grade.

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LXV La Legislatura de la Paridad, la Inclusión y la Diversidad. 2022, Año de la Independencia y la Grandeza de México - Cámara de Diputados

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This site is the official government site for Puerto Rico, a U.S territory. This site is helpful to find resource centers in cities, towns, and neighborhoods.

This site is in Spanish but has Google Translate capabilities. this site may be used in 8th-12th grade.

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This site allows the public to search for resources to improve their mental health, keep the public informed of substance abuse, and provide trainings for practitioners.

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This site allows the public access to databases in the US. Each data report may be downloaded in various formats including .csv, .pdf, XML, and landing page (if available)

This site may be used for 11th grade and up.

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Nautical charts provide critical information to mariners in support of safe navigation. Historically these charts have been printed and distributed on paper, but modern communications systems allow for electronic charts that are able to be updated as new information becomes available. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Coast Survey produces charts for coastal and Great Lakes areas, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers produces charts for America's inland rivers through the Inland Electronic Navigation Chart program. The Inland Electronic Navigation Chart (IENC) program covers thousands of miles of navigable waterways. America's inland waterways move millions of tons of commodities every year, and the work of surveying, charting, and dredging sediment is continually ongoing due to the dynamic conditions and constant change happening along any given river.

Rivers included in the Inland Electronic Navigation Chart (IENC) program include the Allegheny River, Arkansas River, Atchafalaya River, Black Warrior-Tombigbee Rivers, Cumberland River, Green River, Illinois River, Kaskaskia, Kanawha River, Lower Mississippi River, Missouri River, Monongahela River, Ohio River, Ouachita River, Red River, Tennessee River (including the Tellico, Hiwassee, Clinch and Emory Rivers), Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Upper Mississippi River, and the White River. Anyone can access the navigation charts for these rivers, which show depth contours, buoys, lights, known hazards, and reference landmarks.

References and Data.Gov Links:

Inland Electronic Navigational Charts (IENC), https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/inland-electronic-navigational-charts-ienc

USACE Inland Electronic Navigation Charts Homepage, http://ienccloud.us/

NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC), https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/noaa-electronic-navigational-charts-enc7cce5

NOAA Raster Navigational Charts (RNC), https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/noaa-raster-navigational-charts-rnc7af22

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) performs hydrographic surveys (hydrosurveys) for federal navigation projects around the U.S. Federal navigation projects include an estimated 25,000 miles of channels and form a key part of U.S. maritime infrastructure in both coastal ... Continued

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Nautical charts provide critical information to mariners in support of safe navigation. Historically these charts have been printed and distributed on paper, but modern communications systems allow for electronic charts that are able to be updated as new information becomes available.

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This site is used for public access to Legislative information for Members of Congress and legislative agencies. This site allows public access to finding a representative and viewing committee schedule. This site is updated daily. Use this site to search for bills.

This site may be used in grades 7th and up.

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Adams, Helen R. Protecting Intellectual Freedom and Privacy in Your School Library. Available from: VitalSource Bookshelf, Bloomsbury USA, 2013.