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Problem- rise in NCD cases in ultra-poor communities of Northern India

Target population- Age- 45- 70 yrs, ultra-poor people of Northern India

Communication- through local non profits in healthcare sector

Budget- 100 cr

Implementation- through community workers

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Healthy Food Access & Empowerment Initiative

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Healthy Food Access & Empowerment Initiative

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Reduce NCD burden by promoting healthy food choices within budget constraints through compulsory placement healthy food where unhealthy is sold (milk/fresh fruit juice where coke is sold), community gardens, nutritional education, and subsidies for retailers.

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Reduce NCD- promoting healthy lifestyle from childhood itself at school colleges, community engagement through leaders, early screening and management. Health education through street plays, posters, social media would be effective 

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Reduce NCD- promoting healthy lifestyle from childhood itself at school colleges, community engagement through leaders, early screening and management. Health education through street plays, posters, social media would be effective 

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Policy Title:

"Healthy Lives, Stronger Communities: A Strategic Policy to Prevent and Control NCDs"

Policy Objective:

To reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality related to NCDs (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases) through affordable, community-driven, and sustainable strategies.

Target Population:

Adults and adolescents in low- and middle-income groups, particularly those in urban slums and rural areas.

Key Components:

1. Health Promotion & Prevention

Awareness Campaigns using community radio, mobile vans, social media, and local influencers.

School & Workplace Wellness Programs for early lifestyle interventions.

Promotion of:

Tobacco cessation

Reduced salt and sugar intake

Increased physical activity (community walks, yoga sessions)

Budget Strategy: Leverage existing public health platforms, involve NGOs and local volunteers, and use low-cost mass media.

2. Early Detection & Screening

Integrate NCD screening (BP, BMI, blood sugar) at primary healthcare centers.

Mobile screening units to reach underserved areas.

Task shifting: train ASHA/ANM workers to conduct screenings.

Budget Strategy: Use affordable point-of-care devices and integrate NCD screening with existing maternal/child health programs.

3. Strengthening Primary Healthcare

Equip Health & Wellness Centres (HWCs) under Ayushman Bharat with NCD services.

Develop standard treatment protocols and essential drug lists.

Train healthcare providers in NCD management.

Budget Strategy: Prioritize essential medicines and low-cost diagnostics, ensure generic drugs supply chain through public procurement.

4. Multisectoral Partnerships

Collaborate with:

Urban development for walkable cities

Agriculture for healthy food subsidies

Education for curriculum-based lifestyle modules

Civil society for community outreach

Budget Strategy: Mobilize private sector CSR funding and development partner support.

5. Monitoring & Evaluation

Digital tracking of NCD risk factors via mobile apps and community registers.

Define measurable indicators (e.g., % screened, % controlled hypertension).

Conduct annual surveys to assess impact.

Budget Strategy: Use open-source digital tools, piggyback on ongoing surveys (NFHS, HMIS).

Expected Outcomes (5 Years)

20% increase in early detection of hypertension and diabetes.

15% reduction in tobacco use in targeted areas.

25% increase in physical activity rates.

Strengthened integration of NCD services in 80% of PHCs.

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Problem: NDCs burden in India is increasing and risk factor's play crucial role for health issues. Type of NCDs targeted (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, cancer and physical activity).

It is challenging to control people's fast-food consumption and drinking habits. However, if individuals engage in sufficient physical activity and regular exercise, the negative impact of unhealthy food and drink on their health can be reduced. Policies should be designed to focus on the screening of three major NCDs and the integration of physical activity into daily life. Physical activity should be promoted both in workplaces and within community spaces or near health centers.

Targeted population: High-risk groups, including young adults and adults, should be the focus, as adult mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased in India in the post-COVID era.

Communication: Use digital platform because its easily available for everyone. provide all knowledge, awareness, and prevention strategy. Use local language for communication.

School base health education and awareness companion and wellness programs that encouraging screenings, healthy food, and exercise.

Budget: A cost-effective strategy will be implemented in collaboration with the existing government health system to ensure the policy is easily accessible and practical to use. Approx. 10 to 20cr

Implementation. Focus on screening and early detection, engage stakeholders, promote physical activity, lifestyle support and behavior changes. Strengthen Health Systems, Monitoring and evaluation. Involve the community in decision-making and feedback loops for policy sustainability.

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1. Problem Identification- Diabetes, particularly Type-2, is a growing NCD in India. Sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, & lack of awareness have led to increased incidence, especially in rural areas where diagnosis & long term management are inadequate.

2. Target Population- Adults aged 30-60 years living in rural areas.

High-risk individuals (family history of diabetes, hypertension etc.)

3. Communication Strategy- Use of local languages & visual media to educate about disease prevention, symptoms & complications.

4. Budget Consideration- Low cost interventions like: Free community screening camps.

Use of existing infrastructure ( PHC's, Schools) to reduce costs.

5. Implementation Strategy- Integrate with NPCDCS.

Monitor progress through periodic screening data, feedback from health workers, & community participation metrics.

6. Expected Outcomes- Reduction in diabetes- related complications due to timely interventions.

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Policy Design for Reducing the Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

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Policy Design for Reducing the Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

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Reducing the Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Amid Budget Constraints: A Practical Strategy Guide

1. Identify and Prioritize Key NCDs

Start with a comprehensive assessment of the most prevalent and impactful NCDs in the country, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory illnesses. Use national health data to analyze mortality, morbidity, healthcare costs, and social impacts.

Based on this assessment, prioritize the NCDs that pose the highest burden and have the greatest potential for cost-effective interventions. For example, if heart disease and diabetes are major drivers of early deaths and disability, they should be at the forefront of policy efforts.

2. Strengthen Research and Data Collection

Collect detailed data on the risk factors driving these diseases, including smoking, poor diets, physical inactivity, alcohol use, and environmental conditions.

Conduct community surveys, focus groups, and utilize health records to understand public awareness, behaviors, and barriers to prevention and treatment.

Review current policies and programs to assess what’s working and what needs improvement.

3. Develop Clear and Achievable Policies

Use the data to craft SMART policy goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) targeting the top NCDs and their risk factors.

Design a cross-sectoral policy framework that includes collaboration with ministries such as education, finance, agriculture, and transport, as well as NGOs and the private sector.

Propose interventions that are evidence-based and cost-effective, such as taxing tobacco and sugary drinks, implementing clear food labeling, promoting integrated care models in primary health systems, and launching national screening initiatives.

4. Engage Stakeholders for Policy Review

Share the draft policy with stakeholders including health professionals, government officials, community leaders, and civil society for feedback.

Incorporate relevant suggestions to ensure the policy is practical, inclusive, and aligned with national priorities.

Submit the revised version for formal approval by the Ministry of Health or relevant authorities.

5. Translate Policy into Actionable Law

Turn the approved policy into legal and regulatory frameworks where needed. This may include laws on tobacco control, food safety, advertising of unhealthy products, and mandatory health screenings.

Create clear guidelines and enforcement mechanisms to support implementation.

6. Plan for Budget-Conscious Implementation

Develop a realistic budget, detailing resource needs across activities such as public campaigns, healthcare delivery, infrastructure, staff training, and evaluation.

Advocate for steady government funding while also seeking support from international donors and development partners.

Prioritize interventions that offer strong results with limited investment.

7. Implement with Clarity and Coordination

Craft a detailed implementation roadmap with clear responsibilities for each stakeholder group.

Reinforce health systems at all levels to support prevention, early detection, and management of NCDs. Ensure healthcare workers are trained and have access to essential medicines and tools.

Roll out the approved programs and regulations efficiently, ensuring they reach all segments of the population.

8. Monitor Progress and Measure Results

Set up a monitoring and evaluation system with indicators to track changes in risk behaviors, disease prevalence, healthcare access, and policy impact.

Regularly collect and analyze data to gauge effectiveness and make evidence-based adjustments.

Conduct formal evaluations periodically to assess the broader impact on public health.

9. Raise Awareness and Build Public Support

Launch inclusive public education campaigns to inform people about NCD risks and the benefits of healthy lifestyles.

Use multiple platforms—TV, radio, social media, schools, and community events—to reach diverse groups.

Involve civil society and local communities in the rollout and feedback processes to foster trust and long-term engagement.

10. Adapt and Improve Continuously

Treat the policy as a living document. Use lessons from implementation and emerging research to refine goals and strategies.

Stay responsive to shifting national needs and international best practices to keep the fight against NCDs effective and relevant.

By following this practical, inclusive, and adaptable approach, governments can make meaningful progress in reducing the burden of NCDs, even within tight budgets.

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1. Firstly problem identified, then target population screened then as per data of screening treatment started to the patient.

2. All Individuals advised to eat healthy, do exercise.

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Health policy design regarding healthy food preferences for prevention of NCDs.

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Health policy design regarding healthy food preferences for prevention of NCDs.

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1. All brands are currently not specifying the ingredients they are using clearly on the label leading to fooling people who are consuming them, thinking as a healthy food/ snack/ drink.

2. The target population will be kids, adolescents and adults.

3. The budget can be planned for introduction of the changes in the policy that will bring the transparency in the system.

4. The new policy has to be introduced to the public through media with the emphasis on the benefits of the same.

5. The policy of transparency in the labels of food can bring the required change in the society and same can be implemented.

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Problem Identification- Increase Risk of NCD including Diabetes, Hypertension and other CVD

Target Population- Men and Women in age grp of 20-30 years

Communication- Through visual media in local language. also ASHA can help in spreading awareness during there field visits.

Budget- 50 crore

Implementation-

1st level of screening at PHC level. The ANMs and CHO will facilitate the process. Providing Medical Kit which will include appropriate medicine and IEC material on eating habits and yoga/exercise pictures which can be done at home without assistance.

Notification to patients with family history and have been diagnosed as diabetes to do follow up and do repeat testing to check for dose revision.

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Policy to reduce NCD Burden - A way forward

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Policy to reduce NCD Burden - A way forward

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A] Problem Identification :

NCD burden in India is increasing, which directly increasing morbidity ,mortality and out of pocket expenditure . This is forcing individual to put into BPL. To decrease all these condition we should focus on preventing NCD such as CVDs, Cancer, DM, Obesity etc.

Obesity is significant risk factor of developing CVD ,DM etc. If we focus on reducing it ,then burden of other NCD can be decreased.

Now a days childhood obesity is a rising concern for all health department. Then we should focus on childhood obesity . If children are healthy eventually next adult will be healthy and nation will become healthier.

B] Target population :

Children of age group 6-18 years.

C] Strategies

Health promotion

Early detection and treatment

Strengthen Primary Healthcare

Multisectoral Partnership

Monitoring and Evaluation

D] Communication:

School activities , IEC activities ,Parents counselling , weekly student led yoga activities , peer educator

E] Budget: Develop realistic budget .

F] Implementation:

Make a detailed roadmap with clear responsibilities for each stakeholder group

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🏛️ Policy Name:

“Swasth Jeevan Abhiyan” – A National Initiative for Community-Based NCD Prevention and Control

🎯 Policy Objective:

To reduce the incidence and progression of major NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers) among adults aged 30–60 years by promoting lifestyle changes, early detection, and efficient referral mechanisms—within a limited public health budget.

👥 Target Population:

Adults aged 30–60 years in low- and middle-income urban and rural areas.

Priority groups: High-risk individuals (overweight, family history, smokers, sedentary).

🔄 Core Components of the Policy:

1. Community-Based Screening (Primary Prevention & Early Detection)

Integrate opportunistic screening for diabetes, hypertension, and common cancers (oral, cervical, breast) at SC/PHC/UPHC.

Use existing ASHAs/ANMs with mobile tablets and digital registers for data entry.

2. NCD Health Cards & Digital Tracking

Provide each adult with a “NCD Health Card” (linked to ABHA ID).

Create a low-cost mobile app/SMS-based tracking system for reminders, lifestyle tips, and follow-ups.

3. Behavior Change Communication (BCC)

Village Health and Nutrition Days (VHNDs) to include interactive NCD awareness sessions.

Use IEC materials in local languages; incorporate folk media, local leaders, and school youth for intergenerational messaging.

4. Lifestyle Clinics at UPHCs/CHCs

Set up weekly lifestyle clinics at urban and rural centers with dieticians and yoga trainers on a contract basis (cost-sharing with local NGOs).

5. Incentive-Based Community Engagement

ASHAs receive a performance-based incentive for:

Conducting 10+ screenings/month

Ensuring treatment initiation

Regular follow-up and lifestyle counseling

💰 Budget Optimization Strategy:

Budget Area Strategy Human Resources Use existing workforce (ASHAs, ANMs, CHOs); part-time hiring if needed Technology Leverage existing digital health platforms (ABHA, CoWIN, eSanjeevani) IEC Material Use low-cost bulk printing, collaborate with NGOs & CSR arms Monitoring & Evaluation Add NCD indicators to HMIS dashboard, use Google Forms/ODK apps Public-Private Partnerships Engage with CSR funding from private hospitals/pharma companies

⚙️ Implementation Strategy:

Phase 1 – Pilot (6 districts, one per region)

Rapid assessment of existing services, workforce training, launch of screening & IEC.

Phase 2 – Scale-Up (12–18 months)

Expand to all districts with performance review every 6 months.

Phase 3 – Integration & Sustainability

Integrate with existing Ayushman Bharat Health & Wellness Centres (HWCs) and state health missions.

📊 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):

Indicator Target (within 2 years) % of target population screened annually 60% % of identified cases linked to care 80% % reduction in tobacco use 10% % increase in physical activity reported 15%

🧩 Monitoring & Evaluation Framework:

Monthly reviews at district health society meetings.

Quarterly updates on HMIS and National NCD Portal.

Community feedback loop via CHCs and mobile surveys.

✅ Expected Impact:

Reduction in undiagnosed NCD cases.

Delay in onset of complications.

Increased treatment adherence.

Long-term reduction in NCD-related mortality and health expenditures.

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1. Weight management education to be given at the school level

2. Target population is adolescent children, adults

3. By social media campaign,radio, and sms in mobile

4. To include yoga in habits

5. Eat healthy diet, check for blood lipid levels and weight

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Policy Name: Healthy Weights, Healthy Futures (HWHF)

Goal:

Reduce obesity prevalence by 10% over 5 years through cost-effective, scalable, and equity-focused interventions.

1. Core Pillars (Budget-Conscious Interventions)

A. Education & Awareness Campaigns (Low Cost)

Budget Share: 20%

Action Items:

Launch public media campaigns promoting healthy eating and physical activity using existing government channels.

Integrate nutrition education into school curricula and community workshops.

Collaborate with influencers and local leaders for health promotion on social media.

Evidence: WHO and CDC find media campaigns effective in shifting public attitudes when repeated and targeted.

B. Policy & Regulation Changes (Cost-Neutral to Low Cost)

Budget Share: 10%

Action Items:

Implement mandatory clear front-of-package nutrition labelling.

Restrict junk food advertising to children (especially on digital and TV platforms).

Require calorie information on menus for large food chains.

Evidence: Labeling improves consumer food choices with minimal enforcement costs.

2. Targeted Community Programs (Moderate Cost)

C. School-Based Interventions

Budget Share: 25%

Action Items:

Subsidize healthy school meals (priority for low-income areas).

Establish daily physical activity standards (e.g. 30 mins/day).

Create "active transport" programs: walking school buses, safe bike paths.

Cost Note: Prioritize areas with highest childhood obesity rates first.

D. Primary Healthcare Integration

Budget Share: 20%

Action Items:

Train primary care providers to screen for obesity and offer brief counseling.

Develop referral networks for dietitians and community fitness programs.

Provide basic weight management tools (BMI trackers, goal-setting guides).

Evidence: Behavioral counseling by PCPs shows moderate but consistent improvements.

3. Strategic Investments (Optional / Pilot Programs)

E. Community Food Access Programs (Pilot Phase)

Budget Share: 15%

Action Items:

Fund pilot mobile produce markets in underserved areas.

Partner with local grocers for fruit/vegetable discount vouchers.

Support urban gardens and community kitchens.

Evaluation Required: Collect data to determine ROI before scaling.

F. Digital Health Tools (Optional if Budget Permits)

Budget Share: 10%

Action Items:

Launch a low-cost app for tracking food/exercise, integrated with public health goals.

Provide SMS health nudges for low-income populations with limited app access.

Low Start-Up Cost: Consider open-source tools and partnerships with tech orgs.

Implementation Strategy

Year 1: Focus on awareness campaigns, regulatory changes, and school pilots.

Year 2–3: Scale successful programs and increase healthcare training.

Year 4–5: Expand successful pilots and conduct cost-effectiveness reviews.

Monitoring & Evaluation

Conduct annual reviews of:

Obesity prevalence (BMI data via health surveys).

Program reach (e.g., number of students served, meals provided).

Cost-effectiveness (DALY saved per dollar spent).

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Title: National Policy for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases

Vision

To achieve a significant reduction in the preventable burden, morbidity, and premature mortality due to NCDs through comprehensive health promotion, prevention, early detection, and management.

Policy Objectives

Reduce prevalence of common NCD risk factors (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol).

Improve access to affordable and quality NCD care services.

Strengthen the health system for prevention, screening, and management of NCDs.

Promote multi-sectoral action involving education, agriculture, urban development, and transport sectors.

Strategic Pillars

1. Health Promotion and Behaviour Change

Launch mass media campaigns on tobacco cessation, physical activity, healthy eating.

Promote "Healthy School" programs and workplace wellness.

Enforce front-of-pack labeling, trans-fat bans, and sugar tax.

Create urban green spaces to encourage physical activity.

2. Risk Factor Surveillance and Screening

Strengthen NCD risk factor surveillance via periodic STEPS surveys.

Integrate opportunistic and population-based screening for hypertension, diabetes, oral, breast, and cervical cancers at primary healthcare levels.

Use digital health tools for follow-up and monitoring.

3. Early Diagnosis and Access to Treatment

Ensure free essential NCD drugs and diagnostics at all public health facilities.

Develop standard treatment protocols and training for all levels of healthcare workers.

Integrate NCD care in Ayushman Bharat Health & Wellness Centres.

4. Multisectoral Collaboration

Collaborate with:

Urban planning to design walkable cities.

Education for integrating health into curriculum.

Agriculture for promoting fruit/vegetable production.

Transport to promote active travel policies.

5. Regulation and Fiscal Policies

Enforce strict tobacco control laws (COTPA), ban advertising and raise taxes.

Regulate alcohol sale and promotion.

Impose taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages and unhealthy packaged foods.

6. Monitoring, Evaluation, and Research

Establish a robust NCD registry and health information system.

Fund implementation research on locally effective interventions.

Conduct annual policy review with measurable indicators.

Key Stakeholders

Ministry of Health

State Health Departments

NGOs & Community-Based Organizations

Private Sector

Academia and Research Bodies

International Agencies (WHO, UNICEF)

Budget & Resource Mobilization

Dedicated budget allocation for NCDs under National Health Mission.

Leverage public-private partnerships (PPPs).

Tap into CSR funds and international health grants.

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1. Problem identification: Cardio vascular diseases and HTN

2. Target Population: Adults from 35 years of age to 65 years

3. screening of target population through community workers and healthcare professionals and campaigns

4. collection of data and recording it

5. formulating the suitable policy emphasizing on managing HTN

6. suggesting a cost- friendly budget based on the data collected

7. expected outcome is recorded

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Goal:

To reduce diseases like heart problems, diabetes, cancer, and breathing issues by promoting healthy habits and early check-ups.

Target Population:

Adults (18–60 years) in urban and semi-urban areas

High-risk groups (obese, smokers, people with family history of NCDs)

School children and working youth (for early prevention)

Main Actions:

1. Spread Awareness

Run health campaigns in schools, workplaces, and through social media

Teach people about healthy eating, exercise, and quitting tobacco

2. Free NCD Check-ups

Offer regular BP, sugar, and cancer screening at government health centres

Train local health workers to help people get tested

3. Food & Lifestyle Rules

Put warning labels (like red/yellow/green) on junk food packets

Tax sugary drinks and junk food to make them costlier

Ban reuse of oil and trans fats in street food

4. Healthy Schools & Workplaces

Daily physical activities in schools

Promote healthy snacks in canteens

Organize yoga, walks, and stress-busting sessions in offices

Budget Plan:

Use existing clinics and health workers to save money

Partner with NGOs and private companies (CSR)

Prioritize low-cost actions with big impact

Monitoring:

Track progress every 3 months

Check how many people are screened and how habits are changing

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Creat public awareness

Fullfill staff vacancy

Capacity building of staff

Proper resources allocations

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1.Type 2 Diabetes

2.Policy that after the age of 40 years everyone should be screened for type 2 diabetes.

3.Buget allocation - cost required for promotion,awareness,implementation,reliable glucometer,glucometer strips etc.

4.Implementation- checking blood sugar level via glucometer in public camps.

5.Observing if it is done smoothly,reliably and making improvements to develop it via suggestions from public

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Implement a cost-effective NCD policy focusing on prevention through lifestyle interventions (healthy diet, physical activity, tobacco/alcohol control) and early detection via community-based screening.
Leverage existing primary healthcare systems and digital health platforms to ensure affordable, scalable, and sustainable implementation.

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Objective: Reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease among adults aged 25–60.

Key Strategies:

1. Promote Healthy Lifestyles:

Subsidized fruits and vegetables in local markets.

Community exercise programs like walking clubs and yoga sessions.

2. Early Detection & Screening:

Free annual health check-ups for blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol at primary health centres.

3. Awareness & Education:

Low-cost campaigns using social media, radio, and community workshops.

Collaboration with schools and workplaces to teach healthy habits.

4. Affordable Treatment:

Generic medicines for NCDs available at primary care centres to reduce out-of-pocket expenses.

Budget Consideration:

Focus on low-cost, high-impact interventions like awareness campaigns, community programs, and early detection.

Leverage partnerships with NGOs, local businesses, and healthcare providers to reduce government spending.

Implementation:

Pilot the program in selected districts, monitor outcomes, and gradually expand nationwide.

Use health data to target high-risk populations effectively.

Expected Impact:

Reduced incidence and complications of NCDs.

Increased awareness of healthy lifestyles.

Improved access to affordable screening and treatment.

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Reduce incidence ,complication and premature death due to NCD through cost effective prevention,early detection and primary care strengthening.

Target population-adult (30-69 years ,high risk and vulnerable groups

Key strategies-

1.Primordial and primary prevention -

- promote healthy lifestyle- diet,physical activity,tobacco and alcohol reduction)

-Use of low cost iec- community meetings,local media,social platforms.

-Create supportive environments

2. Secondary prevention

-annual low cost screening for hypertension and diabetes at community level

-task shifting to trained frontline health workers

-simple referral and follow up system

3. Health system strengthening

-integrate NCD services into primary healthcare,

-Ensuring availability of essential medicines and basic diagnostics.

-Use of digital tools( sms reminder,simple registers)

implementation approach

=phased rollout with NGOs ,local bodies and CSR Initiatives

= community participation for sustainability

Expected outcomes

reduced NCD risk factor

Early detection and better disease control

Lower long term healthcare cost

focus =prevention first,early action,community based delivery and effective use of resource

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a comprehensive policy addressing non-communicable disease should focus on cost-effective, multi-sectoral interventions that targets key risk factors within budget constratints.

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Problem: Rising cases of NCDs. Target Population: Persons above 30 years of age

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Problem: Rising cases of NCDs. Target Population: Persons above 30 years of age

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I would recommend a screening program for persons above 30 years of age and get them screened for hypertension, diabetes , cervical and breast cancer. Those found positive will be further referred to tertiary care centres.

I would also conduct health education sessions on lifestyle modification, treatment adherence and early diagnosis.

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1. prevention & Health promotion:

Health education on diet, exercise

use of ASHA, ANM, Anganwadi workers

IEC through posters, street plays & social media.

2. opportunistic screening at PHCs & outreach camps

3. Formation of NCD support groups.

4. Monthly follow-up

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Policy aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs among the target population, considering budget constraints and effective implementation strategies

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Policy aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs among the target population, considering budget constraints and effective implementation strategies

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Policy Brief on National Strategy for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature mortality in developing countries. Rising hypertension, diabetes, tobacco use, unhealthy diets, and sedentary lifestyles are increasing the burden. Late diagnosis, limited access to affordable medicines, and weak primary healthcare systems worsen outcomes, especially among low-income and rural populations.

Policy Goal

Reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases by 25% over the next 10 years through prevention, early detection, and affordable, continuous management at the primary healthcare level.

Target Population

- Adults aged 30 years and above

- Individuals with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, or tobacco use

- Rural communities, urban slums, and low-income groups

Key Strategies

1. Prevention and Risk Reduction

- Promote healthy diets, reduced salt intake, and physical activity

- Strengthen tobacco and alcohol control measures

- School and community awareness programs

2. Early Detection and Screening

- Routine BP, BMI, and glucose checks at all primary facilities

- Community screening camps and outreach activities

- Risk assessment tools for early identification

3. Treatment and Continuity of Care

- Free or subsidized essential generic medicines

- Standard treatment protocols

- Referral linkages to higher facilities

4. Communication and Behavior Change

- Local-language IEC materials, mobile messaging, and counseling

- Engagement of community leaders and frontline workers

Effective Implementation Strategies

- Integrate services within existing primary healthcare and NCD clinics

- Task shifting to nurses and community health workers

- Community-based screening and household follow-ups

- Assured medicine and diagnostic supply chains

- Digital patient registers and SMS reminders

- Public–private partnerships for diagnostics and outreach

- Phased rollout starting with high-burden districts

- Clear governance, review meetings, and performance monitoring

Budget and Resource Considerations

- Prioritize low-cost, high-impact interventions

- Use existing infrastructure and workforce

- Bulk procurement of generic medicines

- Partnerships to reduce operational costs

- Phased implementation for efficient resource use

Monitoring Indicators

- Percentage of adults screened annually

- Percentage of diagnosed patients on treatment

- Blood pressure control rates

- Hospital admissions due to CVD

- CVD-related mortality rates

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Integrated NCD Prevention and Control Policy (INCD-PCP)

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Integrated NCD Prevention and Control Policy (INCD-PCP)

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🎯 Goal

Reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality related to NCDs in the target population by 25% over 10 years, using cost-effective, scalable interventions.

📍 Target Population

All adults aged 18–65 years, with priority for:

Low-income and urban poor communities

Individuals with high NCD risk factors (hypertension, obesity, tobacco use, etc.)

School and college students (for early prevention)

🧭 Core Policy Objectives

1. Prevent NCDs through behavior change and risk reduction

2. Strengthen early detection and screening

3. Ensure cost-effective management and continuity of care

4. Build supportive environments and multisectoral partnerships

5. Monitor, evaluate, and optimize interventions over time

🧩 Strategic Policy Components

1. Prevention & Risk Reduction

a. Tobacco & Alcohol Control

Enforce smoke-free public places.

Increase taxation on tobacco and alcohol products.

Restrict advertising and point-of-sale promotions.

Integrate brief tobacco cessation counseling into primary care.

b. Healthy Diet Promotion

Mandate front-of-pack labeling (FOPL) to show salt, sugar, and fat levels.

Subsidize fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for low-income groups.

Restrict trans fats in processed foods.

c. Physical Activity Promotion

Promote “Active Neighborhoods” with safe walking and cycling infrastructure.

Introduce workplace wellness programs that include physical activity breaks.

Support community fitness programs (e.g., group walks, yoga sessions).

2. Early Detection and Screening

Cost-effective screening at primary care:

Annual blood pressure, blood sugar, BMI checks for adults ≥30 years.

Opportunistic screening during all healthcare visits.

Community camps in high-risk zones (slum clusters, industrial areas).

Low-cost technologies:

Use of point-of-care glucometers.

Digital hypertension screening kiosks.

3. Management & Continuity of Care

a. Strengthen Primary Health System

Train frontline workers on NCD protocols (WHO PEN or PACK).

Standardize treatment guidelines across facilities.

b. Affordable Medications

Ensure availability of essential NCD drugs (lisinopril, metformin, statins) in public pharmacies.

Bulk procurement and pooled purchasing to reduce cost.

c. Task-Shifting

Empower community health workers (CHWs) to deliver counseling, follow-up, and referral support.

4. Multisectoral Action & Supportive Environments

Health in All Policies (HiAP)

Transport: Design active transit routes

Education: Mandatory health education in schools

Urban Planning: Reduce air pollution through green zones

Agriculture: Promote production of healthy food crops

Public Awareness

Use mass media campaigns on:

Healthy eating (“Less Salt, Less Sugar”)

Benefits of physical activity

Harm of tobacco and alcohol

5. Monitoring, Evaluation & Research

Data Systems

Strengthen health information systems to track NCD indicators (incidence, risk factors, treatment adherence).

Use mHealth tools for follow-ups.

Periodic Evaluation

Review key indicators every 2 years.

Use data to realign strategies and budgets.

💰 Budgeting: Cost-Effective Approach

Policy Element Cost Rationale Tobacco & Alcohol Tax Increase Revenue-positive Generates funds for NCD programs Screening in PHCs Low (leverage existing services)Prevents costly complications Community Health Worker Training Moderate Amplifies reach without increasing clinician burden Public Awareness Campaigns Low-Moderate Large reach via mass media Subsidies for Healthy Foods Targeted cost Budgeted with cross-sector support

Budget Optimization Strategies

Use task-shifting → reduces dependence on specialists

Leverage existing infrastructure (PHCs, CHWs, digital platforms)

Public–private partnerships for screening camps and health messaging

📊 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

KPI Target (5 Years)Tobacco use prevalence↓ 15%Mean population salt intake↓ 20%Physical inactivity↓ 10%Hypertension control rate↑ 30%Diabetes screening coverage≥ 70%

🚀 Implementation Roadmap

Phase Activities Year 1–2Policy launch, stakeholder engagement, media campaigns, CHW training Year 3–5Scale up screening, strengthen care pathways, policy refinement Year 6–10Nationwide expansion, impact evaluation, sustainability planning

🛠 Implementation Enablers

Leadership & Governance: Ministry of Health leads, with cross-sector task forces.

Community Participation: Local councils, NGOs, and resident welfare associations.

Digital Health: SMS reminders, teleconsultation for follow-ups.

🧠 Risk Mitigation

Low uptake of services: Incentives for screening and lifestyle programs.

Resource limitations: Redirect funds from inefficient programs, increase taxes on harmful products.

Industry pushback: Strong regulatory frameworks and civil society support.

📍 Conclusion

This policy leverages low-cost, high-impact strategies, integrates prevention with primary care, and embeds multisectoral collaboration to sustainably reduce NCD burden — even under budget constraints.

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Blood pressure monitoring at homes on a particular day similar to that of Pulse polio immunization. Identify the people with HTN, border line HTN. With the available data, long term follow up of these people with drugs, diet, and life style modifications.

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Reduce NCD- promoting healthy lifestyle from childhood itself at school colleges, community engagement through leaders, early screening and management. Health education through street plays, posters, social media would be effective

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1. COPD - It is a neglected NCD. People often delay seeking help for respiratory symptoms. Even asthma medications are taken occasionally.

2. Target population - Adults ( smokers are at more risk.

3. We can have a social media campaign for raising awareness.

4. Budget - 10%

5. We can strengthen the COPD component in NCD program and involve workplaces for screenings. It can be started with government offices and slowly expanded to corporate sector.

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Policy Design to Reduce Burden of Hypertension

1. Problem Identification

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in India. Despite high prevalence (~25–30% among adults), awareness, treatment, and control rates remain low. Key gaps include inadequate screening, poor treatment adherence, and limited access to affordable care.

2. Target Population

- Adults aged ≥30 years

- High-risk groups: individuals with obesity, diabetes, tobacco use

- Priority populations: rural communities, urban slums, and elderly individuals

3. Policy Goal

To reduce hypertension-related morbidity and mortality by improving screening, treatment coverage, and blood pressure control through a primary healthcare–driven approach.

4. Key Interventions

A. Screening & Early Detection

- Annual community-based BP screening through ASHAs/ANMs

- Integration with Health & Wellness Centres (HWCs)

- Use of portable digital BP monitors

B. Treatment & Continuity of Care

- Free/subsidized essential antihypertensive drugs

- Standardized treatment protocols

- Regular follow-up via community health workers and telemedicine

C. Prevention & Behavior Change

- Public campaigns promoting reduced salt intake, physical activity, and tobacco cessation

- Community engagement via schools, workplaces, and self-help groups

5. Budget Considerations

- Utilize existing workforce (ASHAs, ANMs)

- Bulk procurement of low-cost BP devices

- Supply of generic medicines through government programs

- Leverage ongoing programs (e.g., NPCDCS) to minimize additional costs

6. Implementation Strategy

- Delivery through primary healthcare system (HWCs)

- Task-sharing model: screening by ASHAs, treatment by medical officers

- Digital tools for patient tracking and SMS-based adherence reminders

7. Communication Strategy

- IEC campaigns using local languages and culturally appropriate messaging

- Platforms: TV, radio, social media, and community meetings

- Focus on awareness of hypertension as a “silent killer” and importance of regular screening

8. Monitoring & Evaluation

Key Indicators:

- % adults screened

- % diagnosed and on treatment

- % achieving BP control (<140/90 mmHg)

Data Sources:

- Routine HMIS data

- Periodic community surveys

9. Expected Outcomes

- Improved screening and early diagnosis

- Increased treatment adherence and BP control

- Reduction in cardiovascular events and healthcare burden

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problem - ncd rise in tribal belt area

target - 30- 50

communication - Ngo

implemetation - throuhgh Stakeholder