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Middle Ages, nobles and the church could sometimes challenge the power of monarchs.

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A movement, the Enlightenment, had spreaded across Europe.

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Catherine the Greatalso realized that she needed rich, so she decied to landown noble lords to help her run Russia. Therefore, she gave the nobles more control over their land and serfs. This made the lives of serfs even worse and harder.

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Absolute monarchies were needed by others. The divine right of kings was the idea that God gave monarchs the right to rule. The rights helped the king go against of the Chruch.

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The age of absolute monarchy fell about 200 years ago. The people had the power to choose their leaders.