# data[].attributes.body
Segregation as designated by law, whether that be from Supreme Court cases, Jim Crow laws, or slavery itself in the Constitution. Ended in 1965.

# data[].attributes.body
In a landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, could not be American citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court. This decision increased tensions leading up to the Civil War and was later nullified by the 13th and 14th Amendments.

# data[].attributes.body
War between the Northern Union and Southern Confederate States largely regarding slavery. The Union won and abolished slavery.

# data[].attributes.body
Abolishing slavery in the United States, the 13th Amendment was a pivotal moment in American history, marking a significant step towards equality.

# data[].attributes.body
Granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and providing all citizens with 'equal protection under the laws,' the 14th Amendment laid the groundwork for future civil rights progress.

# data[].attributes.body
Ensuring that the right to vote cannot be denied based on 'race, color, or previous condition of servitude,' the 15th Amendment aimed to secure voting rights for African American men, a crucial step towards democratic equality.

# data[].attributes.body
Laws in the American South after the civil war which put African Americans on a much lower social pedestal than any other citizens. They strictly enforced racial segregation.

# data[].attributes.body
This Supreme Court decision upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine. It paved the way for the proliferation of Jim Crow laws across the South, reinforcing racial segregation.

# data[].attributes.body
Granting women the right to vote, the 19th Amendment was a monumental victory in the fight for gender equality and expanded democracy in the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
Overturning Plessy v. Ferguson, this pivotal Supreme Court decision declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, marking a significant victory in the struggle against racial segregation.

# data[].attributes.body
In a key moment in the civil rights movement, nine African American students, known as the Little Rock Nine, faced hostile crowds as they integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Their courage and the federal troops' intervention underscored the federal government's commitment to enforcing desegregation.

# data[].attributes.body
After Brown v. Board, where segregation was not legally justified or encoded, but was heavily present and socially enforced anyways. Some would argue this is still present today.

# data[].attributes.body
Initiated in the 1960s and expanded through the 1970s, these policies were designed to address the inequalities in education and employment that minorities and women faced. Affirmative action refers to a set of procedures intended to eliminate discrimination, redress its lingering effects, and create systems and procedures to ensure future compliance with equal opportunity principles.

# data[].attributes.body
Prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 marked a landmark achievement in the effort to end segregation and ensure equal opportunities for all.

# data[].attributes.body
Aiming to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 significantly strengthened voting rights protection.

# data[].attributes.body
Part of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, this law was enacted to eliminate discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, or sex. It was later amended to include protection against discrimination based on disability and family status.

# data[].attributes.body
This landmark Supreme Court decision recognized the constitutional right to privacy under the 14th Amendment, effectively legalizing abortion in the United States.

# data[].attributes.headline
1978: Bakke v. Regents of the University of California

# data[].attributes.subject
1978: Bakke v. Regents of the University of California

# data[].attributes.body
In this complex ruling, the Supreme Court upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. However, it struck down the use of racial quotas, reshaping the discourse on affirmative action.

# data[].attributes.headline
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

# data[].attributes.subject
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

# data[].attributes.body
Expanding the concept of civil rights, the ADA prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. This act is a critical piece of American civil rights legislation.

# data[].attributes.headline
2020: Black Lives Matter Movement and Civil Unrest

# data[].attributes.subject
2020: Black Lives Matter Movement and Civil Unrest

# data[].attributes.body
A global movement that gained momentum after the death of George Floyd, leading to nationwide protests against systemic racism and police brutality. This highlighted ongoing issues of racial inequality and spurred conversations and actions towards change in the U.S. and around the world.