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In today's society, having a housekeeper is becoming more and more popular with many families. Some people believe that children do not need to learn to cook or do housework, but should be allowed to play and focus on their studies. Personally, I believe that children should be asked to help with housework from an early age and there are two reasons why I hold this view.

One reason is that children should do housework which helps them build and improve essential life skills. This is because housework helps children form daily routines and manage their time effectively. For example, when doing tasks such as cleaning and washing dishes, children learn to complete tasks on time and in a reasonable manner. This develops discipline, self-awareness and a sense of responsibility. Therefore, by helping with housework, children will become more disciplined and independent.

Another reason is that children will learn to appreciate the hard work of their parents and housekeepers. Doing housework helps children realize the hard work and effort that their parents put in every day to maintain a neat and clean house. For instance, when doing chores like cleaning, sweeping, washing dishes or folding clothes, children will understand that tidiness does not come naturally. These tasks require time, effort and patience. Through this, children will learn to appreciate and be grateful for what their parents have done, and this not only encourages them to be self-motivated in maintaining hygiene, but also forms a more responsible and caring attitude towards the family's common space.

Some people may argue that children do not need to do housework. Many parents share the same thought that their children's school schedules are so full all day that they often do not let their children help with housework so that they can focus on studying. However, these thoughts have unintentionally made children lazy, dependent and dependent on others. Training children to do housework from an early age will help them learn to be responsible, independent, adaptable to all situations, and disciplined. These are basic and necessary life skills that parents need to pay attention to early training.

In conclusion, in my view, children should be encouraged to help with some housework. This helps them build and improve their essential life skills, while learning about responsibility and respect for their living space.

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Dear Sam,

Thank you for your recent email. Sorry I haven’t written to you for so long. I hope everything is going well with you.

Tet is the biggest traditional festival in my country that has another name is “Lunar New Year”. It happens in late January to early February. During Tet, people visit their relative’s homes and the elders will give lucky money to children. About cuisine, we eat traditional Tet foods such as banh chung and banh tet.

I think you should visit this festival once because it is the oldest festival and has a lot of interesting activities in Vietnam.

If you intend to come to Vietnam to experience Tet festival, please let me know one week in advance so that I can arrange the time and give you an unforgettable memory of this festival.

Well, that’s all for now, Sam. Drop me a line when you have time and let me know if you want to visit Viet Nam.

See you soon,

Ngan

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Dear Yulbi,

Thank you for your recent email. Sorry I haven’t written to you for so long. I hope everything is going well with you.

If you want to spend two weeks of holiday in my country, I would like to welcome you to Ho Chi Minh City, where I am currently studying and working. Now, I will give you some information and advice when coming here.

For information, Ho Chi Minh City is located in the South of Vietnam and is one of the places with the best night culture in the world, like a city that never sleeps because there are always activities to take part in when it gets dark.

For advice, I think some of the following will be useful for you.

Firstly, about where to stay when you come here. I suggest you book a hotel room in the city center. The hotels here are well-served, fully equipped and affordable. In addition, staying in the city center makes it more convenient for you to travel to tourist attractions. Secondly, about the things you should experience here. There are many entertainment areas, attractive and unique destinations, you should try to visit the Independence Palace, Ben Thanh Market and Ben Nha Rong once. In addition, street food is also one of the unique factors that cannot be missed when coming to this land. You can go to the markets to try dishes such as Pha Lau, Pho, broken rice... and especially Banh Mi - that is also called “Vietnamese Sandwich” by international visitors.

Finally, about the clothes you should bring. This depends on the time you come to Vietnam, in the South there are only two seasons in a year: rainy season and sunny season. The weather here has no winter so a fairly high average temperature, so what to wear is not too difficult. However, I still recommend you bring cool and easy-to-move clothes such as: T-shirts, crop tops, skirts, shorts... If you come here during the rainy season, around May to November, there are often sudden rains, so bringing an umbrella will help you be more proactive with the changes in the weather here.

Well, that’s all for now, Yulbi. Drop me a line when you have time and let me know if you want to visit Viet Nam.

See you soon.

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In today’s society, smoking has become a controversial issue due to its harmful effects on health. Some people argue that smoking should not be allowed in public places because it negatively affects both smokers and non-smokers. While others believe that banning smoking may violate personal freedom and harm businesses such as bars and restaurants. Personally, I strongly believe that smoking should be banned in public areas and there are two reasons why I hold this view.

One reason why smoking should be banned in public places is that it causes serious health problems. Secondhand smoke is dangerous and can lead to lung cancer, heart disease, and breathing issues. For example, research has shown that non-smokers who are regularly exposed to cigarette smoke are at a higher risk of developing respiratory diseases. A good example of this is children who live with smokers; they often suffer from asthma and other lung problems. As a result, banning smoking in public places can help reduce health risks for non-smokers and create a safer environment.

Another reason to prohibit smoking in public areas is that it helps keep the environment clean. Cigarette butts are one of the most common types of litter and take years to decompose. Many cities spend a large amount of money each year cleaning up cigarette waste from public places. A good case in point is beaches and parks, where cigarette litter can harm wildlife and pollute natural areas.

Consequently, banning smoking in public areas will reduce pollution and improve the cleanliness of shared spaces.

Some people may argue that banning smoking in public places affects personal freedom and the economy. They believe that everyone should have the right to smoke wherever they want and that such a ban could cause bars and restaurants to lose customers. While this argument has merit, I would argue that protecting public health is more important than personal choices. In fact, many businesses have adapted to smoking bans and continue to operate successfully by providing designated smoking areas. Because of this, banning smoking in public places does not necessarily harm businesses but rather ensures a healthier environment for all.

In conclusion, I believe that banning smoking in public places is necessary because it protects people’s health and helps maintain a clean environment. It is clear that restricting smoking in shared spaces will lead to a healthier society and a better quality of life for everyone.

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In recent years, working from home has become increasingly popular among employees and businesses, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Some people believe that teleworking helps increase flexibility and productivity while reducing commuting time. However, this trend presents both positive and negative aspects. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of working remotely for both employees and employers.

On the one hand, there are tremendous benefits to working remotely. One of the main advantages is that employees can enjoy greater flexibility in their schedules. This allows them to balance work and personal life more effectively, leading to higher job satisfaction and reduced stress. For example, parents working from home can take care of their children while fulfilling their job responsibilities. Another good point is that companies can save a significant amount of money on office expenses. Employers no longer have to pay for large office spaces, electricity, or commuting allowances, which can reduce overall operational costs. A study by Stanford University found that companies that allow remote work save up to 40% on office-related expenses. This financial benefit makes teleworking an attractive option for many businesses.

On the other hand, working from home has several potential downsides. The first disadvantage is that employees may struggle with distractions and reduced productivity. Unlike office environments, home settings/environments may include interruptions from family members, household chores, or noisy surroundings. As a result, some workers find it difficult to focus and maintain efficiency throughout the day. Another problem is that remote work can lead to a lack of teamwork and communication issues. Without direct face-to-face interaction, employees may experience misunderstandings, delays in collaboration, and weaker workplace relationships. For instance, a report by Microsoft found that virtual meetings lack the same level of engagement and creativity as (như là) in-person discussions. This can negatively impact teamwork and overall work performance.

In conclusion, there are both pros and cons to working from home. However, in my view, the benefits of remote work outweigh the drawbacks, as long as employees and employers find effective ways to manage communication and productivity. Therefore, if possible, companies should adopt a hybrid working model, allowing employees to work remotely while maintaining some in-office collaboration.

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In recent years, being famous has become increasingly popular among individuals in various fields, including entertainment, sports, and social media. Some people believe that fame brings success, wealth, and influence, while others argue that it comes with privacy invasion and overwhelming public scrutiny. However, this topic presents both positive and negative aspects. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of being famous.

On the one hand, there are tremendous benefits to gaining fame. One of the main advantages is that celebrities can earn a high income and achieve financial stability. Famous individuals, such as actors, musicians, and athletes, often receive lucrative contracts, endorsement deals, and sponsorships. For example, Vietnamese footballer Quang Hải has partnered with major brands, significantly increasing his earnings and securing financial independence at a young age. Another good point is that being famous allows individuals to have a strong influence on society. Many celebrities use their platform to promote social causes, inspire young people, and support charitable activities. A great example is Miss H’Hen Niê, who has used her fame to advocate for education and women's empowerment in Vietnam. Her success story has motivated many young people, especially those from ethnic minority backgrounds, to pursue their dreams.

On the other hand, being famous has several potential downsides. The first disadvantage is that celebrities often suffer from a lack of privacy. The media and paparazzi constantly follow/stalk them, reporting on their personal lives and sometimes spreading false rumors. In Vietnam, singer Sơn Tùng M-TP has frequently faced intense media attention regarding his private relationships, leading to stress and controversy. This constant public scrutiny can be mentally exhausting and emotionally draining. Another problem is that famous people experience immense pressure to maintain a perfect public image. They are expected to behave flawlessly, and any mistake can result in harsh criticism and damage to their reputation. Many Vietnamese influencers/ (KOL) have faced public backlash over minor controversies, affecting their careers and mental well-being. For example, some well-known/ = celebrated/ renowned figures in the entertainment industry have lost endorsement deals due to past social media posts or minor scandals, showing how fame can quickly turn into a burden.

In conclusion, there are both pros and cons to being famous. While fame provides financial success and social influence, it also brings privacy invasion and high social pressure. However, I believe that the benefits of fame outweigh the drawbacks if individuals know how to handle public pressure wisely. Therefore, celebrities should establish clear personal boundaries and develop strong mentalresilienceto balance their public and private lives effectively.

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In recent years, childhood obesity has become increasingly popular among children and adolescents. Some people believe that childhood obesity, which refers to children being above the normal weight for their age and height, is caused by various factors and can lead to serious consequences such as poor self-esteem and depression. This essay will examine some of the reasons for this in detail and then propose some practical solutions.

One of the primary causes of the problem is that children consume unhealthy diets high in sugar and fat. The widespread availability of fast food and sugary drinks has contributed to unhealthy eating habits. Many children prefer processed foods over nutritious meals due to their convenience and appealing taste. For instance, studies have shown that children who frequently consume fast food are more likely to become obese. The solution is for the government to regulate food advertisements targeting children, which would encourage healthier dietary choices and reduce excessive calorie intake.

Another problem is that children do not do enough physical activity. These days, many children spend a lot of time on screens instead of playing outside. Watching TV or using smartphones for long hours makes them less active and leads to weight gain. A study found that  children who use screens for more than four hours a day are more likely to be overweight. To tackle this issue, parents must encourage their children to participate in regular physical activities in order to maintain a healthy weight and improve overall well-being.

A third cause of the problem is that some parents do not understand the dangers of childhood obesity. Some parents may not realize that their child is overweight, and others may not know how to help. As a result, children continue to have unhealthy habits. For example, research shows[3]  that parents who learn about healthy eating can help their children avoid obesity. The way forward could be to start/ launch public health programs in schools, which would teach parents and children about good nutrition and exercise, which would help prevent obesity and its associated complications.

In conclusion, it is undeniable that childhood obesity is a growing issue due to reasons such as unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, and limited parental awareness. This is a serious problem, and unless the above problems are resolved, humans will face many difficulties.

If children adopt healthier eating habits, this could significantly reduce their risk of obesity-related diseases. Encouraging physical activity would lead to better overall health and well-being. Raising awareness among parents about childhood obesity would result in more effective preventive measures and healthier lifestyles for children.

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In recent years, electronic waste has become a big problem in many countries. Some people believe that electronic waste, which means throwing away old or broken devices, is causing serious issues. This essay will examine some of the reasons for this in detail and then propose some practical solutions.

One of the primary causes of the problem is that technology is developing too fast. New models of phones, laptops, and other devices come out every year, making older ones seem useless. For example, Apple releases a new iPhone model almost every year, and many consumers feel pressured to upgrade even when their previous device is still functional. This leads to millions of perfectly working phones being discarded. The solution is for the government to introduce recycling programs, such as the “Vietnam Recycles” initiative, which collects and processes electronic waste properly.

Another problem is that electronic devices do not last long. Many companies make products that break easily so that people have to buy new ones. This is called "planned obsolescence," and it creates more waste. In Vietnam, many people say that their home appliances and smartphones stop working after a few years, so they have to replace them. To solve this issue, companies should make products that last longer. The government could also support repair services so that people can fix their devices instead of throwing them away.

A third cause of the problem is that many people do not know how to throw away electronic waste correctly. Instead of recycling, they put their old devices/gadgets/ tools/ equipment in the trash, which harms the environment. Electronic waste contains harmful materials like lead and mercury that can pollute the soil and water. In Vietnam, a lot of a great deal of/ a huge/an enormous amount of electronic waste is collected by scrap workers, who often burn it, releasing dangerous chemicals into the air. The way forward could be to teach educate people about proper disposal methods, such as using official electronic waste collection points like those provided by Vietnam Recycles.

In conclusion, electronic waste is a serious issue because of fast-changing technology, short product lifespans, and a lack of awareness about disposal. This is a serious problem, and unless the above problems are resolved, humans will face many difficulties.

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0. Test details

* 4 text (40 question):

+ 10 questions/text.

* 60 minutes:

+ 15 minutes/text.

+ 2 minute/question (max).

1. Meaning of new words (nghĩa của từ)

Dựa vào ngữ cảnh để suy ra nghĩa của từ (từ nhiều nghĩa)

Dự đoán nghĩa của từ (từ không biết nghĩa) thông qua nội dung bài

Từ đồng nghĩa

2. Identifying the referents (xác định đại từ)

Đọc phần nội dung trước đại từ

3. Sentence simplification (đơn giản hóa câu)

Câu tương đương nghĩa

4. Factual questions (câu hỏi thực tế)

Lấy từ khóa câu hỏi + nội dung cần tìm để tra nội dung

5. Negative questions (câu hỏi phủ định)

Lấy từ khóa trong đáp án để dò

6. Sentence insertion (chèn câu)

Dịch câu để xác định vị trí phù hợp chèn vào

7. Main idea questions (câu hỏi ý chính)

Dịch sơ lược đoạn văn

8. Inference questions (câu hỏi suy luận)

Dịch đoạn văn cần suy luận

9. Author’s purpose/Intention (mục đích/ý định tác giả)

Dịch sơ lược đoạn văn

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* Skill A

01: Reading speed (P.28)

No use = No value: không có hữu dụng/giá trị

02: Fainting (P.29)

Adequate: đủ

Supply: cung cấp

Knees: đầu gối

Circulate: lưu thông

The rest of body: phần còn lại của cơ thể

Manner: cách/thái độ

Unpleasant = not enjoyable: khó chịu/không thoải mái

03: Boxing (P.30)

Greeks: người Hy Lạp

Romans: người La Mã

Gloves: găng tay

Bare: trần

Knuckle: khớp ngón tay

Adopted = Accepted: áp dụng/chấp nhận

04: Computers (P.31)

Definition: định nghĩa

Computation: tính toán

Manipulate: Xử lý/thao túng

Analyze: phân tích

Located = Situated: đặt ở/nằm ở

Man-made: nhân tạo

Measure: đo lường

Predict: dự đoán

Ancient: cổ xưa

Abacus: bàn tính

Fascinating: hấp dẫn

Insight: cái nhìn sâu sắc

05: Climate (P.32)

Typically: thường (mức độ)

Assume = Presume = Take it = Conclude = Deduce = Reason = Guess = Imagine= Think: cho rằng

Occasionally: thỉnh thoảng

Occur = Happen: xảy ra

Period = Length: thời kì/khoảng thời gian

* Skill B

01: Demonstration (P.34)

Shelf: kệ

Demonstration: trình diễn

Method: phương pháp

Personal = one-to-one: cá nhân

Various = Different: khác nhau

Accustomed: làm quen

Feature: tính năng

Claim: khẳng định/lời tuyên bố

02: South America (P.35)

Continent: lục địa

Inhabitants: dân cư

Span: trải dài

Population: dân số

Expect: ngoại trừ

Predominant = Most common = Popular: chiếm ưu thế/phổ biến

Religion: tôn giáo

03: Reading skills (P.36)

Academic: học thuật

Goal = Desire: mục tiêu/mong muốn

Identify: xác định

Mark: đánh dấu

Alertness: tỉnh táo

04: Starting a business (P.37)

Own: sở hữu

Quite often: thông thường

Entrepreneurs: doanh nhân

Consider: cân nhắc

Opportunity: cơ hội

Regret: hối hận

Paycheck: lương

Vacation: kỳ nghỉ

Contemplate: cân nhắc

05: Storms (P.38)

Thunderstorm: giông

Front: đợt không khí

Lighting: sét

Thunder: sấm

Spectacular: ngoạn mục

Discharge: phóng (điện)

Produce: tạo ra

Specifically: cụ thể

Production: quá trình

Involve: liên quan

Instantly: lập tức

Expands: giãn nở

Contract: Co lại

* Skill C

01: Systems engineers (P.40)

Engineer: kỹ sư

Analyst: chuyên gia phân tích

Position: vị trí

Perform: thực hiện

Configure: cấu hình

Duty: nhiệm vụ

Advisor: cố vấn

Require: yêu cầu

Plan: kế hoạch

02: Tornadoes (P.41)

Tornado: lốc xoáy

Plain: đồng bằng

Interior: bên trong

Funnel: cái phễu

Twisting: xoắn ốc

Explode: nổ tung

Caution: cảnh báo

03: Crime (P.42)

Court: tòa án

Insane: mất trí

04: Business Letters (P.43)

Insult: xúc phạm

Specific = particular = specified = certain= determined = distinct = separate = individual: cụ thể

State: nêu

Positive = Optimistic: tích cực/lạc quan

05: Memory (P.44)

Create: tạo ra

Combine: kết hợp

Nephew: cháu trai

Mental: tâm thần

Alternatively: hoặc là

Trick = Technique: thủ thuật/kỹ thuật

Significantly: đáng kể

* Review A - C

Vocabulary (P.46)

Analyze = Study: nghiên cứu

Special knowledge = Insight: hiểu biết đặc biệt/tầm nhìn sâu sắc

Compelled: bị ép buộc

Manipulate: điều khiển

Surrounding = An environment: xung quanh/môi trường

Familiar with = Accustomed: gần gũi/quen thuộc

Instruction = Direction: chỉ dẫn/phương hướng

Contemplate = Consider: xem xét

Enormous = Giant: khổng lồ

Skill: 01: Wolves and Dogs (P.48)

Remain: bảo trì/hài cốt

Proven: đã chứng minh

Descended from: hậu duệ

Broad: rộng

Skull: hộp sọ

Toes: ngón chân

Heels: gót chân

Domesticated: thuần hóa

Companionship: bạn đồng hành

Juvenile wolf: sói con

Mature: trưởng thành

Appreciated: được đánh giá

Skill: 02: America English (P.50)

Communication = Exchanging words, thoughts, and ideals: giao tiếp/trao đổi…

Official: chính thức

Unique: độc đáo

Inhabit: người dân

Pole: cột

Bison: bò rừng

Occupied: bị chiếm đóng

Immigrant: người nhập cư

* Skill D

01: Building Vocabulary (P.54)

Average: trung bình

Approximately = About: khoảng

Passive >< Active/Assertive: thụ động >< chủ động

Arise: phát sinh

Distinguish = Differentiate = Tell apart = Discriminate = Discern = Determine = pick out: phân biệt

Define: định nghĩa

02: Spain (P.55)

Lie: nằm

Coast: bờ biển

Explore: khám phá

Encountered = Experience = Come into = Contact with: gặp phải

Wealthy = Rich = Affluent: giàu có

Conquered: chinh phục

Civil war: nội chiến

Civil = Citizens’: dân sự/công dân

Power: quyền lực

Democracy: nền dân chủ

03: Experiments (P.56)

Procedure: quá trình/thủ tục

Evidence = Data: dữ liệu

Observation: quan sát

Comprehend =  Understand = Grasp = Take in: hiểu

04: Coat of arms (P.57)

Phrase: cụm từ

Coat of arms: huy hiệu

Particular =  Specific = Certain = Distinct = Separate:  cụ thể

Distinct = Different: khác biệt

Crest =  Insignia = Regalia = Badge = Emblem = Ensign = Device = Coat of arms = Arms: huy hiệu

05: New media jobs (P.58)

Intergrated: tích hợp

Specialist = Expert = Authority = Pundit = Professional: chuyên gia

Solid footing: nền tảng vững chắc

* Skill E

01: Script Terminology (P.60)

Play: vở kịch

Script: kịch bản

Terminology: thuật ngữ

Regarding = Concerning = As regards = With respect to = Relating to = As for: liên quan

Acts: màn

Scenes: cảnh

Portrayal = Painting = Sketch = Repiction = Description = Delineation = Presentation: miêu tả

Dialog =  Conversation = Talk = Communication = Discourse = Argument: đối thoại

Monolog: độc thoại

02: Clichés (P.61)

Cliché = Platitude = Phrase = Formula: câu sáo rỗng

Exaggerated = Inflate= Hyperbolize: phóng đại

Informal: quan trọng

Reserved: dành cho

Athletes: vận động viên

Expression = Phrase = Saying = Platitude = Cliché: diễn đạt

03: Pottery Making (P.62)

Pottery: đồ gốm

Bowl: bát

Coil: cuộn

Technique = Method: phương pháp

Clay: đất sét

On top of each other: chồng lên nhau

Model: tạo hình

Paddle: mái chèo

04: Electric cars (P.63)

Alternative = Other = Another: thay thế

Gasoline: xăng

05: Firewalls (P.64)

Traffic: lưu lượng/giao thông

Outdated =  Ancient: lỗi thời

Monitor = Observe = Watch = Keep an eye on = Track: theo dõi

Threat: đe dọa

Lax: lơ là

* Skill review

01: Ice skating (P.65)

Skate: trượt

Properly: đúng cách

Blade: lưỡi

Steel: thép

Leather: da

Calf: bắp chân

Middle = Central = Mid = Mean = Medium: giữa

Fit: vừa/phù hợp

Snugly: khít

Fit snugly = Fit over: vừa khít

Wool: len

Respond: phản ứng

Muscles: cơ

Ankles: mắt cá chân

Discomfort = Pain: khó chịu

Attach to: gắn vào

Screw: vít

Narrow >< Wide/Broad: hẹp >< rộng

Hollow out: khoét rỗng

Edge = Border = Margin = Side: cạnh

Guard: bảo vệ

Rubber: cao su

02: Space Exploration (P.67)

Debate = Discussion = Discourse = Argue: tranh luận

Flight: chuyến bay

Space: không gian

Expense: chi phí

Crews: phi hành đoàn

Traction: lực hút/kéo

Pose: đặt ra

Dilemmas = Tricky situation = Difficult situation = Difficult choice: vấn đề nan giải

Astronaut = Spaceman = Cosmonaut = Space traveler: phi hành gia

Tremendous = Very great = Huge = Enormous: rất lớn

Feasible: khả thi

Crus: cốt lõi

Matter: vấn đề

Estimate = Roughly calculate = Approximate = Guess = Evaluate = Predicted: ước tính/dự đoán

Critics = Detractor = Censurer = Attacker: nhà phê bình

Justify: biện minh

Proposition = Theory = Hypothesis = Thesis = Argument: đề xuất

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* Skill A

01: The age of exploration (P.49)

Spread: lan truyền

Tend to: xu hướng

Asparagus: măng tây

Chili pepper = Pimento: ớt

Role = Part = Character: vai trò

Peanut = Groundnut = Monkey nut: đậu phộng

Archaeologist: nhà khảo cổ

Staple: thực phẩm chính/chính(Adj)

Native to = Originated in = Came from: nguồn gốc từ

Introduce = Institute = Launch = Establish = Found = Put in place = Bring in: du nhập/mang đến

Cash: thương mại/tiền mặt

Crop: mùa vụ/cây trồng

Artichoke: atiso

Export = Sell/market/send overseas/abroad = Trade internationally = Transport: xuất khẩu

Foreign: nước ngoài

Unique = Distinctive = Individual = Special = Especial = Single = Only: duy nhất

Mandate: nhiệm vụ

Promote =  Encourage = Further = Advance = Assist = Help: khuyến khích

02: Microphones (P.51)

Profession: ngành nghề

Potential = Possible = Likely = Future = Probable: tiềm năng

Client = Customer = Buyer = Purchaser = Consumer = User: khách hàng

Convince = Persuade = Satisfy = Prove to: thuyết phục

Career: sự nghiệp

Nervous: lo lắng

Keep in mind: ghi nhớ

Smoothly: suôn sẻ

Annoying: khó chịu

High-pitched: chói  tai

Adjustment = Small changes: điều chỉnh

Vice-versa = Conversely = Inversely = Oppositely: ngược lại

Lean over: cúi xuống

Sensitive: nhạy cảm

Awkward = Embarrassing = Uncomfortable = Unpleasant: ngượng ngùi

Project: thể hiện/dự án

Conduct = Control: điều khiển

03: The great barrier reef (P.53)

Reef: rạn san hô

Coral: san hô

Produced by: tạo ra từ

Vital = Essential = Necessary = Required = Important: quan trọng

Marine: sinh vật biển

Humpback whale:  cá voi lưng gù

Calve: con (đẻ con)

Proper = Right = Correct = Accepted: thích hợp

Suffer: chịu đựng

Damage: sát thương/thiệt hại

Conductive: có lợi

Runoff: dòng chảy

Prey: săn

Reproduce: sinh sản

Getting rid of = Remove =  Eliminate: loại bỏ

* Skill B

01: Computer systems (P.57)

Equipment: thiết bị

Operate = Work = Make go = Run = Set off = Use: hoạt động

Financial: tài tính

Utilities: tiện ích

Direct = Administer = Manage = Control: chỉ đạo

Store = Keep: lưu trữ

Function: hoạt động

Interpreter: nhà thông dịch

Refer: đề cập

Blueprint: bản thiết kế

Furniture: nội thất

Task = Job: công việc

02: Spices (P.59)

Spice: gia vị

Cinnamon: quế

Spoil: hỏng

Cumin: thìa là

Coriander: rau mùi

Trader: thương nhân

Trade:  thương mại

Route: tuyến đường

Sailing: thuyền buồm

Take over: bị kiểm soát

Submit = surrender authority: phục tùng/từ bỏ quyền lực

Globe = World = Earth = Universe = Planet: toàn cầu

Kneel: quỳ xuống

03: Skin work (P.61)

Gatherer: người hái lượm

Formed: làm ra

cone: nón

Robe: áo choàng

Boat: thuyền

Container: hộp đựng

Treat: xử lý

Fall apart: rách

Soft: mềm

* Skill C

01: Fatigue (P.65)

Diagnose: chẩn đoán

Fatigue: mệt mỏi

Condition: tình trạng

Required = needed: cần thiết

Compel = Force: bắt buộc

Legally: hợp pháp

Demand: yêu cầu

Categories = Class = Group = Heading = List = Set = Type = Kind: loại

Pathological: bệnh lý

Distribute: phân phối

Posture: tư thế

Sign: dấu hiệu

Diabete: tiểu đường

Side-effect: tác dụng phụ

Medicine: thuốc

Cigarette: thuốc lá

Prescribe: kê thuốc

Anxiety: lo lắng

Holic: nghiện

Exhausted: kiệt sức

Engage: tham gia

02: Pottery (P.67)

Jewelry: đồ trang sức

Craft: đồ thủ công

Tribe: bộ lạc

Prairies: thảo nguyên

Pot: bình

Trace: theo dõi

Soil: đất

Composition: thành phần

Dug up: đào lên

03: Baseball (P.69)

Rugby: bóng bầu dục

Ice hockey: khúc côn cầu

Amateur: nghiệp dư

Baseball: bóng chày

Invent: phát minh

Base = Site = Station: căn cứ

Apart: cách nhau

Foul: phạm lỗi

Inning: hiệp đấu

Establish = Set up = Initiate = Create: thiết lập

Pitch: ném

Rather than: thay vì

Rival: đối thủ

Soldier: người lính

Disputed: tranh chấp

* Review A - C

Vocabulary (P.73)

Pick up: nhặt lên

Fall apart: sụp đổ/tan vỡ

Lean over: nghiêng người

Mold: khuôn

Contain: chứa

Delivered: giao

Strikeout:đình công

Muscle tone: trương lực cơ

Runoff: dòng chảy

Manner: cách chức

Portrayal: chân dung

Hire: thuê

Precisely = Accurately: chính xác

Taxe: thuế

Launch: phóng

Skill: 01: Body language (P.77)

Speech: bài phát biểu

Non-verbal: phi ngôn ngữ

Indicate: biểu thị

Facial: khuôn mặt

Expression: biểu cảm

Directly: trực diện

Deliver: phát biểu

Slouche: khom

Gesture: cử chỉ

Podium:  bục phát biểu

Clasp: chắp tay

Across: khoanh

Chest: ngực

Interpret = Translate: lý giải/dịch

Display = Show: thể hiện/hiển thị

Frown: cau mày

Skill: 02: Nutrients (P.81)

Component = Ingredient: thành phần

Mineral: khoáng chất

Fluid: chất lỏng

Fiber: chất xơ

Cereal: ngũ cốc

Cranberry: việt quất

Oatmeal: yến mạch

Legumes: đậu

Peel: gọt vỏ

Pill: thuốc viên

Tablet: viên nén

Major = Main: chính

* Skill D

01: Aborigines (P.87)

Aborigines: người thổ dân

Claim = Maintain = State = Insist = Swear = Argue: ghi nhận/khẳng định/cho rằng

Legend: huyền thoại

Descendant: hậu duệ

Acquire = Obtain = Get = Receive = Earn = Buy: mua/nhận được

Colonize = Settle in = Establish a colony in = Found = Take over = Hegemonize: xâm chiếm

Heritage: di sản

Identity: bản sắc

Discrimination: phân biệt đối xử

Evidence = Proof = Confirmation = Verification: bằng chứng

Parliament: quốc hội

Attempt = Effort = Endeavor = Try = Bid = Trial = Experiment: nỗ lực/thử nghiệm

Anonymity: ẩn danh

02: Computers and education (P.89)

Engage: tham gia

Accommodating of: đáp ứng…

Range = Span = Scope = Scale = Area: phạm vi

State: tiểu bang

Feedback = Response = Reaction = Comment = Report = View = Opinion = Observation = Judgment = Note = Reply: phản hồi

Appeal = Attraction = Interest = Allure = Enchantment = Fascination: thu hút

Remark: nhận xét

03: Financial aid (P.91)

Figure out: tìm cách

Charge = Fee = Price = Amount = Payment = Cost = Expense: chi phí

Tuition: học phí

Finance: tài trợ

Loan: tiền vay

Aid = Assistance = Support = Encouragement: hỗ trợ

Approve = Accept = Agree to: chấp nhận

Campus: trong trường

Eligible: đủ điều kiện

# data[].attributes.body
* Skill E

01: Water (P.95)

Marble: quả cầu

Existence: sự tồn tại

Slightly: hơi hơi

Elasticity: độ đàn hồi

Joint: khớp

Fever: bệnh

Insufficient = Not enough = Poor: không đủ

Dehydration: mất nước

Symptom: triệu chứng

Dizziness: chóng mặt

Sticky: dính

Urine: nước tiểu

Consult: tham khảo

Inject: truyền

Direct: trực tiếp

Bloodstream: mạch máu

Aware = Sensitive: nhận thức/nhạy cảm

Essential = Required: thiết yếu/bắt buộc

02: Seasonal lag (P.97)

Hemisphere: bán cầu

Summer solstice: hạ chí

Overhead: đỉnh

Phenomenon =  Event = Happening = Fact = Situation = Case: hiện tượng

Lag = Move slowly: trễ nải

Through: đi qua

Tilt: nghiêng

Toward: phía

Angle = Tilt = Slant = Point = Aim: hướng về

Stove: bếp lò

Noon: trưa

Equator: xích đạo

Entire = Total = Full: toàn bộ

03: The Greeks (P.99)

Foundation: nền tảng

Prosperity/Prospered: thịnh vượng

Bronze: đồng

Poet: nhà thơ

Invasion = Attack: xâm lược/tấn công

Invader: kẻ xâm lược

Collapse: sụp đổ

Set sail: ra khơi

Territory: lãnh thổ

Trouble: khó khăn

Empire: đế chế

Feare: lo sợ

Intellectual: trí tuệ

Civilization: nền văn minh

Philosopher: triết gia

Decline = Decrease = Reduce = Fall: suy tàn/trì hoãn

Decade: thập kỷ

Slope: độ dốc

* Skill F

01: Food myths (P.101)

Cope with: đối mặt với

Beverage = Drink = Liquid refreshment: đồ uống (not water)

Desire = Wish = Want: mong muốn

Initial: gia tăng

Thus: do đó

Quantity = Amount = Number = Total = Size: số lượng

Excessive = Unnecessary = Needless = Disproportionate = Too much: quá nhiều

Wise = Intelligent = Clever = Learned: khôn ngoan

02: Particle theory (P.103)

Concept = Idea = Notion = Theory: khái niệm

Particle: hạt

Property = Quality = Attribute = Characteristic = Feature: đặc tính/tính chất

Matter: vật chất

Element: nguyên tố

Atom: nguyên tử

Interact: tương tác

Molecule: phân tử

Compound: hợp chất

Union: kết hợp

Aspect: khía cạnh

Sit still: đứng yên

Rearrange: sắp xếp lại

03: Computer development (P.105)

Keep track = Follow = Trail = Trace: theo dõi

Abacus: bàn tính

Bead: hạt đính

Knot: nút thắt

String: dây thừng

Credit = Recognition: công nhận

Upon: dựa vào

Algebraic: đại số

Input: xuất dữ liệu

Mechanism: cơ chế

Punch: đục lỗ

Digit: chữ số

Census: điều tra dân số

Bureau: cục

Tabulate: lập bảng

Agent: nhân viên

Trophy: cúp

* Review A - F

Vocabulary (P.109)

Factor: hệ số/yếu tố

Extent: phạm vi

Property: bất động sản

Axis: trục

Rehearse: diễn tập

Lottery: vé số

Accommodate = Hold = Take = Fit: chứa

Injure: bị thương

Protester: người biểu tình

Interrupted = Break up = Intersperse: gián đoạn/can thiệp

Clasp: cái móc

Rigid: cứng nhắc

Skill: 01: Internet jobs (P.113)

Contrary: trái ngược

Programmer: lập trình viên

Plenty: nhiều

Expertise: trình độ chuyên môn

Manage: quản trị viên/quản lý

Internally: nội bộ

Externally: bên ngoài

Rent: thuê

In-depth: chuyên môn sâu

Constant: liên tục

Encompassos: tập hợp/bao gồm

Downsize: thu hẹp

Tough: khó khăn

Outsourcing: thuê bên ngoài

Freelancer: người làm việc tự do

Vary: thay đổi

Encounter: gặp phải

Skill: 02: The globe (P.117)

Theatre: nhà hát

Agreement: hợp đồng

Council: hội đồng

Petition: bản kiến nghị

Reconstruction: tái xây dựng

Stair: thang

Climb: leo

Proceed = Begin: tiến hành

Marche: hành quân

# data[].attributes.body
0. Details

* 3 parts (35 question):

+ Part 1: 8 recordings/ 8 questions.

Ưu tiên làm đúng hết

+ Part 2: 3 recordings/ 12 questions.

Khó vừa

+ Part 3: 3 recordings/ 15 questions.

Khó nhất

* Topics:

+ Business.

+ Public communication.

+ Campus life.

+ Student life.

* NOTE:

+ Đọc câu hỏi trước khi nghe.

+ Lấy từ khóa để nghe.

# data[].attributes.body
1.1- Telephone messages

1.1.1- Common vocabulary

* Confirming a booking:

Schedule [ˈʃedjuːl]: lịch trình

Cancel [ˈkӕnsəl]: hủy

Confirm [kənˈfəːm]: xác nhận

Appointment [əˈpɔɪnt.mənt]: cuộc hẹn

Delay [dɪˈleɪ]: hoãn

* Announcing an interview schedule:

Interview [ˈɪn.tə.vjuː]: phỏng vấn

Interviewee [ˌɪn.tə.vjuˈiː]: người được phỏng vấn

Interviewer [ˈɪn.tə.vjuː.ər]: người phỏng vấn

Résumé [ˈrez.juː.me ɪ]: Lý lịch nghề nghiệp

Application [ˌæp.ləˈkeɪ.ʃən]: đơn

* Confirming an order:

Shipment [ˈʃɪp.mənt]: vận chuyển

Delivery [dɪˈlɪv.ər.i]: giao hàng

Estimate [ˈes.tə.mə]: ước tính

* Announcing a repair:

Mechanic [məˈkæn.ɪk]: thợ cơ khí

Repair [rɪˈper]: sửa

Problem [ˈprɑː.bləm]: vấn đề

1.1.2- Common expressions

* Confirming a booking:

Remind ~ of: nhắc nhở

Fill out: điền vào

* Announcing an interview schedule:

Application for: nộp đơn cho (vị trí)/xin (giấy phép)

Come in for an interview: đến để phỏng vấn

* Confirming an order:

Out of stock: hết hàng

Put in an order: đặt hàng

Reach ~ at: liên lạc

* Announcing a repair:

Give ~ a call back at: gọi lại

1.2- Recorded messages

1.2.1- Common vocabulary

* Announcing a problem:

Power outage : cúp điện

Inconvenience : bất tiện

Apologize : xin lỗi

Fix : sửa

Engineer : kỹ sư

Promptly : nhanh chóng

Resolve : giải quyết

Restore : khôi phục

* Providing information about businesses:

Repeat : lặp lại

Business hours : giờ làm việc

Information : thông tin

Extension : số nội bộ

* Instructing how to make a reservation:

Agent : nhân viên quản lý

Automatic : tự động

Reservation : đặt trước

Press : nhấn

1.2.2- Common ezpressions

* Announcing a problem:

Experience problems with: gặp vấn đề với

Fix the problem: giải vấn vấn đề

Apologize for the inconvenience: xin lỗi vì sự bất tiện

* Providing information about businesses:

You’re reached: bạn đã (liên lạc) đến

Open from ~ to: mở cửa từ ~ đến ~

Be aware: xin lưu ý

* Instructing how to make a reservation:

Make a reservation: đặt trước

Speak to an agent: nói chuyện với 1 nhân viên

Leave a message: để lại một tin nhắn

# data[].attributes.body
1.3- Office announcements

1.3.1- Common vocabulary

* Office rules:

Place : nơi, đặt, để

Identification card : CCCD

Carry : Mang

Security : Bảo vệ

Announce : Thông báo

Require : Yêu cầu

Shift : Ca làm việc

Careful : Cẩn thận

* Office repairs:

Main entrance :

Maintenance personnel :

Electrical work :

* Office news:

Increase :

Inform :

Demand :

1.3.2- Common expressions

* Office rules:

Need to: cần phải

Be required to: được yêu cầu

Deal with: xử lý

* Office repairs:

Do repairs: sửa chữa

Use the side entrance: sử dụng lối vào bên hông

Turn off: tắt

* Office news:

For all office staff: cho tất cả nhân viên văn phòng

Event will be help: sự kiện sẽ được tổ chức

Let ~ know: để cho ~ biết ~

1.4- Public announcements

1.4.1- Common vocabulary

* In a shop:

Customer : khách hàng

Shop : cửa hàng

Spend : dành/tiêu

Receipt : biên nhận

* In a convention:

Convention : hội nghị

Event : sự kiện

Attend : tham dự

Participant : người tham dự

* On a plane/at an airport:

Destination : điểm đến

Land : hạ cánh

Seat belt : dây an toàn

Fasten : thắt (dây)

* In a theater:

Renowned : nổi tiếng

Performance : biểu diễn

Permit : cho phép/giấy phép

Theater : nhà hát

1.4.2- Common expressions:

* In a shop:

Offer a discount: đưa ra mức giảm giá

Ask our staff about: hỏi nhân viên của chúng tôi về

* In a convention:

Welcome to:  chào mừng đến

I’d like to announce: tôi muốn thông báo

* On a plane/at an airport:

Travel on ~ to: đi trên (chuyến bay) đến (địa điểm)

Flight has been cancelled: chuyến bay bị hủy

* In a theater:

We have a few reminders: chúng tôi có một vài lời nhắc nhở

Be not permitted: không được phép

# data[].attributes.body
1.5- Advertisements

1.5.1- Common vocabulary

* Travel agency:

Travel agency : công ty lữ hành

Specialize : chuyên về

Pamphlet : tờ rơi

Book : đặt

* Services:

Cleaning : làm sạch

Offer : cung cấp

Innovative : đổi mới

Convenient : tiện lợi

* Shops:

Annual sale : doanh thu hàng năm

Customer service : dịch vụ CSKH

Locate : định vị

Discount : giảm giá

* Products:

Beverage : thức uống

Alternative : thay thế

Wholesome : lành mạnh

Equipment : thiết bị

1.5.2- Common expressions

* Travel agency:

Be interested in: quan tâm đến

Offer discount rates: cung cấp mức chiết khấu

Make a reservation: đặt trước

* Services:

Be tired of: mệt mỏi vì

Specialize in: chuyên về

* Shops:

Provide ~ with: cung cấp cho ~ về ~

Be known for: được biết đến

* Products:

Perfect for: hoàn hảo cho

Come with: đi với

Get another one for free: nhận thêm 1 cái miễn phí

1.6- Radio broadcasts

1.6.1- Common vocabulary

* Job-related vocabulary:

Athlete : vận động viên

Researcher : nhà nghiên cứu

Filmmaker : đạo diễn

Physician : bác sĩ

Scientist : nhà khoa học

Author : tác giả

Financial advisor : cố vấn tài chính

Professor : giáo sư

* Radio broadcasts:

Host : dẫn (chương trình)

Introduce : giới thiệu

Well-known : nổi tiếng

Invite : mời

Discuss : thảo luận

Highlight : nêu bật

Join : tham gia

1.6.2- Common expressions

* Radio broadcasts:

Speak with: nói chuyện với

The winner of ~ award: người thắng giải thưởng ~

Based on: dựa vào

Give a comment on: hãy bình luận về

Thanks for joining us: cảm ơn đã tham gia với chúng tôi

A way to: một cách để

Have ~ tips on: có ~ mẹo cho

Open the phone lines: giữ đường dây mở

# data[].attributes.body
2.1- Campus life 1

2.1.1- Type questions:

Câu hỏi đánh giá:

+ Ý chính của bài (thường nằm đầu tiên)

+ Nội dung người nói trình bày

+ Mức độ hiểu nội dung toàn bài

What is the conversation mainly about?

What is the main topic of the talk?

Why does the student talk with her professor?

What problem does the woman have?

What are the student and professor mainly talking about?

2.1.2- Useful terms

* Hệ thống giáo dục:

Spring semester: học kỳ mùa xuân

Faculty: khoa

Department: ban, khoa

Undergraduate thesis: luận văn tốt nghiệp

Dissertation: luận án

Community College: đại học cộng đồng

Transfer: chuyển (trường)

Student council: hội đồng sinh viên

Register/sign up for: đăng ký

Graduation requirement: yêu cầu tốt nghiệp

Absence note: đơn xin phép (vắng 1 buổi học)

Certificate: chứng chỉ

Course syllabus: chương trình học

Credit system: hệ thống tín chỉ

Dean's list: danh sách trưởng khoa

Reference book: sách tham khảo

Skip: bỏ học

Withdrawal note: phiếu hủy đăng ký môn học

* Trang thiết bị trong trường:

Student union/student hall: hội sinh viên

Dormitory/residence hell: kí túc xá

Auditorium: giảng đường

Gymnasium: phòng tập thể dục

Weight room: phòng tập tạ

Parking permit: giấy phép đậu xe

Resident assistant: sinh viên giám sát nội trú

Arrangement: sự sắp xếp

Campus guard: bảo vệ của trường

Commons: nhà ăn

Community: cộng đồng

Complex: khu phức hợp

Deposit: tiền đặt cọc

Extra expense: phụ phí

Furnished: có trang bị đồ đạc

Rent: thuê

Rush: tiệc đón chào sinh viên mới

Share the cost: chia trả chi phí

Signboard/bulletin board: bảng thông tin

Utility fee: tiền điện nước

* Sở thích/ngoại khóa:

Art show: buổi biểu diễn nghệ thuật

Championship: chức vô địch

Charity bazaar: bán hàng từ thiện

College conference: hội nghị đại học

Exhibition: triển lãm

Extracurricular activities: hoạt động ngoại khóa

Photo exhibit: triển lãm nhiếp ảnh

Preliminary: công việc chuẩn bị

Spectators: khán giả

Student club: CLB sinh viên

Tournament: giải thi đấu

Try-out: cuộc thi tuyển thành viên vào 1 đội

Varsity: đội hình chính thức

Off campus: Bên ngoài trường học

Fall forecast: tán lá mùa thu

Weather forecast: dự báo thời tiết

Hold over: hoãn lại

Cookout: bữa tiệc ngoài trời

Savings account: tài khoản tiết kiệm

Student identification: thẻ sinh viên

2.2- Campus life 2

2.1.1- Type questions:

Câu hỏi đánh giá:

+ Chi tiết quan trọng của bài (thông tin hỗ trợ)

+ Lưu ý các sự kiện cụ thể và chi tiết về who/what/when/where/why/how/which/whose

+ Chú ý thuật ngữ, khái niệm, nhân vật, thống kê hoặc các đặc trưng đặc trưng trong bài

+ Nội dung không được đề cập => CHẮC CHẮN SAI

According to the professor, what is …?

What are two important features of …?

Where can the man find …?

According to the man, how can the woman …?

2.1.2- Useful terms

* Lập trường/công việc:

Job fair: hội chợ việc làm

Employment: Việc làm

Major: chuyên ngành

Optimistic: lạc quan

Recommend: giới thiệu/tiến cử

Intern: thực tập sinh

Junior: sinh viên năm 3

Senior: sinh viên năm 4

Field: lĩnh vực, phạm vi

Recruiter: người tuyển dụng

Get off work: rời khỏi nơi làm việc không xin phép

Disregard: coi thường

Cut back: cắt bớt

Application: đơn xin

Grade point average: điểm trung bình

Offering: lời đề nghị

Technical: kỹ thuật

Career center: trung tâm hướng nghiệp

Postgraduate: nghiên cứu sinh

Prospective: tương lai/về sau

* Học tập/thi cử:

Stay up: thức khuya

Turn in: nộp bài

Calculation: kết quả tính toán

Reference: tham khảo

Post: thông báo

Report card: sổ liên lạc

Transcript: bảng điểm

Statement: bản tuyên bố

Intramural: nội bộ

Office hours: giờ hành chính

Advanced course: khóa nâng cao

Audit: dự thính

Count off point: tính điểm

Course catalog: danh mục các môn học

Flunk: thi trượt

Mentor: cố vấn

Non-credit course: khóa học không lấy tín chỉ

Remedial: lớp học cho người khiếm khuyết

Repeater: học sinh ở lại lớp

Term paper: bài thi học kì

* Thư viện/đề tài:

Alphabetical order: trật tự theo bảng chữ cái

Call number: số ghi trên sách

Circulation desk: bàn đăng ký mượn sách

Hardcover: bìa cứng

Paperback: bìa giấy

Inter-library loan: dịch vụ liên thư viện

Magazine rack: kệ đựng tạp chí

Periodical section: khu vực ấn phẩm xuất bản định kỳ

Reserved book: sách được đặt trước

School directory: danh bạ của trường

Take out/check out: lấy sách/mượn sách

Yearbook: kỷ yếu

Deadline: hạn chót

Appropriate comments/foot note: chú thích cuối trang

Assignment: bài tập

Composition: bài luận

Plagiarism: đạo văn

Revision: sửa lại

Source of information: nguồn thông tin

Suggested reading: bài đọc đề xuất

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3.1- Inference Questions - Content linking

2.1.1- Type questions:

Câu hỏi đánh giá:

+ Suy luận, liên kết nội dung có tính tượng trưng với sự việc được nhắc, ngụ ý hoặc tóm tắt trong bài

+ Suy luận thông tin không trình bày cụ thể trong bài

+ Chú ý nghe phần cuối.

What can be inferred about …?

What does the professor imply?

What will be probably true about …?

What will the student most likely do next?

What does the speaker imply when he says this?

2.1.2- Useful terms

* Kinh tế/kinh doanh:

Accumulation: tích thêm vốn

Auction: bán đấu giá

Bankruptcy: phá sản

Bargain: mặc cả/thỏa thuận mua bán

Barter: đổi chác

Minimum wage: lương tối thiểu

Monopoly: độc quyền

Mortgage: cầm cố/văn tự cầm cố

Multinational enterprise: doanh nghiệp đa quốc gia

National income: thu nhập quốc gia

Budget: ngân sách

Cartel: cácten

Collapse: sụp đổ

Commodity: mặt hàng

Competitive advantage: lợi thế cạnh tranh

Note: phiếu

Occupation tax: thuế

Operating cost: phí hoạt động

Opportunity cost: phí cơ hội

Ownership: quyền sở hữu

Commercial law: luật thương mại

Corporation: tập đoàn

Currency: tiền tệ

Deflation: giải lạm phát

Depression: suy thoái

Penalty: tiền phạt

Portfolio: danh sách vốn đầu tư

Price competition: cạnh tranh giá cả

Price of commodities: giá cả hàng hóa

Production goods: hàng hóa sản xuất

Devaluation: mất giá

Dividend: tiền lãi cổ phần

Downsizing: cắt giảm nhân lực

Exchange: cơ quan hối đoái

Expansion: phát triển/mở rộng

Recession: thời kỳ suy thoái

Retail: bán lẻ

Revenue: doanh thu

Share: cổ phần

Sluggish: chậm chạp, ế

Full employment: công việc trọn thời gian

Goods: hàng hóa

Guild: hội

Indirect tax: thuế gián tiếp

Industrial structure: cơ cấu công nghiệp

Stock/Inventory: hàng tồn kho

Substitution: thay thế

Surplus: thặng dư

Thrifty: tiết kiệm

Transaction: giao dịch

Inflation: lạm phát

Item: khoản

Labor market: thị trường lao động

Liquid capital: vốn luân chuyển

Manufacturing: sản xuất

Unemployment: thất nghiệp

Utilities: ngành phục vụ công cộng

Variable cost: phí biến thiên

Wholesale: bán sỉ

Written guarantee: giấy bảo đảm

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4.1- Organization & Rhetorical Connection

Câu hỏi đánh giá:

+ Mối quan hệ giữa các nội dung cụ thể với bao quát của bài => nhận biết mục đích liên kết

+ Chú ý lý do đưa ra thông tin

+ Hiểu đề cập đặc trưng thể hiện mục đích của người nói (thay đổi chủ đề, ví dụ, nhấn mạnh,...)

Why does the professor mention …?

Why does the student talk about …?

2.1.2- Useful terms

* Giáo dục:

Affective: xúc động

Alternative: lựa chọn

Analysis: phân tích

Anxiety: mối lo âu

Aptitude: năng lực

Inductive: quy nạp

Inquiry: thẩm tra

In-service training: đào tạo tại chức

Inspector: thanh tra

Intake: lấy vào

Assessment: đánh giá

Attribute: thuộc tính

Authentic: xác thực

Benchmark: tiêu chí

Causation: nhân - quả

Intergrated: tích hợp

Intrinsic: bản chất

Irrational: phi lý

Learner-centered: lấy học viên làm trung tâm

Legitimate: chính đáng

Characteristic: đặc điểm

Circumstance: hoàn cảnh

Cognitive: nhận thức

Collaborative: cộng tác

Compensation: bồi thường

Lifelong education: giáo dục trọn đời

Mastery learning: kỹ năng trọng yếu

Modify: thay đổi

Motivation: động lực

Negate: phủ định

Competence: năng lực

Complex: phức tạp

Deductive: suy diễn

Depersonalize: xóa tính cá nhân

Diagnostic: chẩn đoán

Normal: bình thường

Notion: khái niệm

Observation: quan sát

Operant learning: học dựa trên lý thuyết hành vi

Pedagogy: sư phạm

Disciple: học trò

Disorder: hỗn loạn

Empirical: kinh nghiệm

Enrollment: kết nạp

Expectancy: triển vọng

Phobia: ám ảnh

Premise: tiền đề

Procedure: thủ tục

Proficiency: thông thạo

Progress: tiến bộ

Facilitate: dễ dàng

Framework: cơ cấu tổ chức

Immersion: đắm chìm

Impel: thúc ép

Inconsistent: mâu thuẫn

Therapy: liệu pháp

Transfer: chuyển

Utility: vật có ích

Validity: giá trị pháp lý

Verification: xác minh