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Definition: An abrasion is a shallow wound caused by friction or scraping, often with minor bleeding.

Initial Care: Clean the wound with mild soap and water, remove any dirt or debris, apply an antibiotic ointment, and cover with a sterile bandage.

Post Care: Change the bandage daily and monitor for signs of infection. Usually no referral needed unless the wound is deep, large, or doesn’t heal.

Referral/Sutures: Typically not needed for abrasions unless there is significant tissue loss.

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Definition: A laceration is a deep cut or tear in the skin, often caused by a sharp object.

Initial Care: Control bleeding by applying direct pressure. Clean thoroughly with mild soap and water. Apply a clean bandage.

Post Care: If the cut is deep, longer than ½ inch, or has jagged edges, seek medical care for possible stitches.

Referral/Sutures: Yes, if wound is deep, gaping, or heavily bleeding

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Definition: A puncture wound is a small, deep hole caused by a pointed object.

Initial Care: Let the wound bleed briefly to help flush out bacteria. Wash with soap and water. Apply an antibiotic and cover with a clean bandage.

Post Care: Watch closely for infection, as puncture wounds can easily become infected. Seek medical care if the object was dirty or if you haven’t had a tetanus shot in the past 5 years.

Referral/Sutures: Not usually stitched, but medical evaluation is important to check for deep tissue damage.

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Definition: An avulsion is a wound where tissue is forcibly detached from the body.

Initial Care: Control bleeding with direct pressure and a clean cloth. Save the torn tissue in a moist, sterile wrap and seek immediate medical care.

Post Care: Often requires surgery or skin grafts depending on the severity.

Referral/Sutures: Immediate medical attention needed for reattachment or surgical intervention.

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Definition: An amputation is a complete loss of a body part.

Initial Care: Control bleeding with pressure. Wrap the severed part in a sterile, moist cloth, place in a sealed plastic bag, and keep cool (but do not freeze). Call 911 or go to the emergency room immediately.

Post Care: Surgical reattachment or wound closure in hospital. Rehabilitation and possible prosthetics.

Referral/Sutures: Immediate emergency care.

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Wash hands thoroughly before and after wound care.

Wear disposable gloves when touching blood or open wounds.

Use clean, sterile materials (bandages, gauze, etc.).

Dispose of contaminated materials in a biohazard bag if needed.

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Signs of Infection: Redness, swelling, warmth, pus discharge, pain that worsens, or fever.

Picture/Video of Infected Wound: A wound with obvious redness, swelling, and yellow/green discharge