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skin scraped against a rough surface. The top layer of skin wears away, exposing numerous blood capillaries. Increases the probability for infection.

Initial Care: gently wash it with clean water, apply a thin layer of an antibiotic ointment, and cover it with a non-stick dressing.

Post Care: Abrasion wounds usually don't need sutures, but deep, contaminated, or infected ones may require medical referral.

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Occur when a blunt force is delivered over a sharp bone or a bone that is poorly padded, giving a wound the appearance of a jagged- edge cavity.

Initial Care: Initial care for a laceration includes stopping the bleeding with direct pressure, cleaning the wound with saline or clean water, applying an antibiotic ointment, and covering it with a sterile dressing.

Post Care: Keep the wound clean, dry, and covered, and watch for signs of infection like redness or pus.

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Wounds with smooth edges

Initial Care: Stop the bleeding, clean the cut, and cover it with a clean bandage to keep it safe.

Post Care: Keep the incision clean and dry, change the bandage as told, and watch for redness, swelling, or pus.

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Direct penetration of tissues

Initial Care: Initial care for a puncture wound includes washing your hands, stopping any bleeding with gentle pressure, cleaning the wound with water, and covering it with a clean bandage.

Post Care: Keep the puncture wound clean and dry, change the bandage daily, and watch for signs of infection like redness, swelling, or pus.

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Skin is torn from the body

Initial Care: Initial care for an avulsion wound includes stopping the bleeding, gently cleaning the area with water, covering it with a sterile bandage, and seeking medical help right away.

Post Care: Keep the avulsion wound clean and covered, change the bandage as directed, and watch for signs of infection like redness, swelling, or pus.

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Universal precautions for wound care mean always wearing gloves, treating all blood and fluids as infectious, using clean tools and dressings, and safely throwing away used materials to prevent the spread of germs.

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To recognize an infected wound, look for these key signs:

- Redness that spreads around the wound

- Swelling and increased pain

- Warm skin near the wound

- Pus or discharge, especially yellow or green

- Foul odor

- Fever or chills, in more serious cases