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Letter of the Missouri Compromise in 1820. This shows a handwritten copy of the Missouri Compromise letter and it specifically mentions the "Act for the admission of the state of Maine into the Union" and states that future states created from Missouri territory would have neither slavery nor involuntary service.

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Significance: I chose this because it was the first major legal effort to divide the U.S. over the issue of slavery. This agreement addresses the political factor because it was a legislative deal to keep balance of power in the Senate by admitting one slave state and one free state. The compromise drew the boundary line by the Missouri Compromise to limit slavery's spread, but this act confirmed that the North and South were already seperate societies heading toward a clash. In my opinion, while the Compromise temporarily stopped the fighting for over three decades, it was ultimately a failure. It failed because it just confirmed the nation was permanently split and did not resolve the core problem of slavery itself.

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Occurred in 1854, This demonstrates a violent illustration from Bleeding Kansas which shows pro-slavery members of independent groups attacking and burning the Free-State town, resulting in chaos, death, and destruction, demonstrating the brutal transition from political debate to civil war.

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Significance: I chose event because it provided that the slavery issue was too toxic to be solved by voting or politics. This intense period of violence addresses the social factor because people moved to Kansas just to fight and kill each other, showing physical violence had replaced civilized debate. The conflict quickly escalated into a small version of the Civil War over whether the territory would enter as a free or slave state. This addresses the political factor because it demonstrated that the government's idea of popular sovereignty which was letting the people vote, had completely failed. Ultimately, the bloodshed in Kansas proved that compromise was no longer possible, making a full-scale war unavoidable.

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Occurred in 1859, this shows the intense, close-quarters fighting during a Civil War battle. The image also shows that the image's chaos, dense grouping of soldiers, and use of bayonets, and muskets effectively capture the violent nature and military action that John Brown's raid was meant to ignite.

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October 16, 1859 (John Brown's Raid to Harpers Ferry)

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October 16, 1859 (John Brown's Raid to Harpers Ferry)

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Significance: I chose this action because it was the final incident that destroyed trust between the regions. This small attack addresses the social factor because it deeply terrified the South, convincing them that the North was actively plotting violent slave revolts to destroy their way of life. Brown's quick capture and execution did not free any slaves, but the entire event shattered any remaining hope for political compromise over the insitution of slavery. This addresses the political factor because Southern states felt that secession was necessary for survival. In my opinion, this act failed to achieve its goal but succeeded in making both sides realize that war was the only remaining solution.

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October 16, 1859 (John Brown's Raid to Harpers Ferry)

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Occurred in 1861, this is a image titles "Scott's Great Snake" and this shows a giant snake coiling around the Confederate states. It is trying to show that the union strategy was to slowly strangle the South by blocking its coasts and controlling the Mississippi River, just like an anaconda squeezing its prey.

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Significance: I chose this strategy because it was the consistent, long-term plan that eventually won the war. This strategy addresses the economic factor because the union slowly crushed the South by imposing a complete naval blockade on the coast, cutting off cotton exports and essential supply imports. The most important move was gaining full control of the Mississippi River, and this addresses the political factor because it split the confederacy in two, isolating their western states and stopping all internal commerce and troop movement. In my opinion, the genius of the Anaconda Plan was its patience. It effectively isolated and exhausted the resource poor South, making their collapse certain without a single massive battle.

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Occurred in 1863, this is an official paper of President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and it is trying to say that on January 1, 1863, all slaves in rebellious states were declared free, permanently changing the moral and legal goals of the Civil War.

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January 1, 1863 (The Emancipation Proclamation)

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January 1, 1863 (The Emancipation Proclamation)

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Significance: I chose this policy because it fundamentally changed the war's goal from preserving the Union to freeing slaves. This policy addresses the social factor by inspiring thousands of enslaved individuals to escape and join the Union forces, which also meant over 200,000 black soldiers were added to the union ranks. This movement addresses the political factor because it strengthened the Union's moral authority, ensuring that European nations would not intervene on behalf of the confederacy. In my opinion, this act was a decisive turning point because it made the destruction of slavery a primary goal, ensuring the war was fought for a truly transforming purpose for a change.

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January 1, 1863 (The Emancipation Proclamation)

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Occurred in 1865, this shows a highly critical and racist cartoon from the Reconstruction era that attacks the Freedmen's Bureau. It is trying to say that the bureau was a waste of taxpayer money and that it encouraged black americans to be lazy, at the expense of white laborers who are shown struggling to work the land.

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Significance: I chose this because the Freedmen's Bureau was the first major U.S. government effort to assist former slaves and poor southerners after the Civil War. This agency addresses the social factor by offering immediate necessities like food, clothing, and shelter, while also establishing 4,000 schools to provide education to formerly enslaved people. It addresses the economic factor by supervising labor contracts, negotiating fair wages, and attempting to settle freedmen on abandoned or confiscated Confederate lands. In my opinion, the Bureau was important because it was the only federal agency dedicated to helping black americans transition from slavery to citizenship, laying the foundation for many future civil rights battles. Although it was severely underfunded and expired in 1872, its work established the concept of federal responsibility for the welfare and education of its citizens.

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Occurred in 1863, this shows the "Seige of Vicksburg" which shows the fierce final assault by union troops against heavily fortified Confederate trenches and earthworms on the bluffs above the Mississppi River.

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Significance: I chose this battle because it was the moment the Union successfully executed the Anaconda Plan's biggest goal. This victory addresses the economic factor because capturing the city cut off the confederate's entire internal trade system, preventing vital goods and supplies from moving between the eastern and western halves of the South. The success of the Vicksburg plan addresses the political factor by fully executing the anaconda plan, effectively splitting the Confederacy in two isolating the states of Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana. In my opinion, Vicksburg was one of the most decisive battles of the war because it completely destroyed the South's ability to sustain itself, ensuring their eventual collapse due to economic struggles. This battle was the final and critical piece needed to achieve the control of the Mississippi River.

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Significance: I chose this because the black codes were an immediate response by the Southern states to the end of slavery and the freedom of black americans. These laws address the social factor by severely restricting the freedoms of black people, prohibiting them from carrying weapons, serving on juries, or even assembling after sunset. They mainly address the political factor because their main purpose was to control the black labor force and maintain white supremacy following the abolition of slavery. In my opinion, these codes made it clear that the South intended to use state laws to keep black people in a subordinate position, essentially replacing slavery with a system of legal discrimination. This bad behaviors of emancipation forced the federal government to impose harsher Reconstruction policies.

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January 1st, 1867 (Sharecropping and Economic Inequality)

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January 1st, 1867 (Sharecropping and Economic Inequality)

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Significance: I chose this because sharecropping quickly became the main way former slaves and poor white farmers worked the land after the Civil War ended. This system addresses the economy,ic factor because farmers had to rent land and tools, and the high interest and debt forced them into a cycle of poverty which they could not escape. It also addresses the social factor because it kept black families tied to the land under the control of white landowners, maintaining the old hierarchy. In my opinion, sharecropping was one of the biggest failures of Reconstruction because it legally blocked any chance for black americans to gain true wealth or economic independence. Instead of leading to equality, this system simply replaced slavery with a different form of economic control that lasted for generations.

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January 1st, 1867 (Sharecropping and Economic Inequality)

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Significance: I chose this because the three Reconstruction amendments fundamentally rewrote the rules of American democracy for formerly enslaved people. These combination of laws address the social factor by permanently abolishing slavery which is from the 13th amendment and guranteeing citizenship to all people born in the U.S. which is from the 14th amendment. The amendments then address the political factor by ensuring the right to vote and cannot be denied based on race which is from the 15th amendment. In my opinion, this was the most needed and important legal effort in U.S. history because it created a new, federal definition of freedom and equality that could not be legally undone. However, their full promise was not realized until the Civil Rights movements, which was nearly a century later.