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Please add your learning and understanding to the padlet to ensure on going learning and understand of a topic. It is your aid to revision points.

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Hello. MARTIN TART.

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yes martdog

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hi Martin

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The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)

protect employees from substances such as chemicals and object containing chemicals fumes, dust and other gases

This also takes account of regulatory changes following the introduction of the EU regulation for REACH (Registration, evaluation, Authorization and restriction of chemicals).

This means every employer is ensured the exposure of his employees to hazardous substances to health is either prevented where this not reasonably practical and adequately controlled

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good morning martin

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The Electricity at Work Regulations - Colin/Daniel 

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The Electricity at Work Regulations - Colin/Daniel 

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The purpose of this guidance is to highlight what can be done by duty holders to achieve electrical safety compliance with the duties imposed by the Regulations.

It is relevant to all work activities and premises except certain offshore installations and particular ships. Of particular relevance to duty holders, it will also be of interest and practical help primarily to engineers , technicians and their managers.

References to relevant regulations, standards and publications have been updated.

The Mines Regulations 2014 came into force on 6 April 2015 and revoked regulations 17 to 28 and Schedule 1 of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 which previously applied only at mines.

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hello

Martin

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Hello Martin

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Key hazards and risks in plant

Plant and Equipment Use

Mechanical hazards- Struck by machinery, trapped by moving machinery

Environmental hazards-Electric shocks, Excessive noise exposure

Physical Hazards- Burns, Tripping, slipping, manual handling injuries. #

Understanding specific hazard risks

-Electric dangers

Electric ashocks can occur from damaged cables.

Faulty equipment

-Noise Exposure

Prolonged exposure to loud machnery can cause permanent damage to hearing.

- Dust hazards

Wood dust can cause respritory problens and allergic reactions.

- Buried services

Underground cables, gas lines and water pipes pose serious risks if struck.

The Critical Importance of Machinery Safeguards

- Physical barriers

Guards prevent direct contact with moving parts, rotating blades and pinch points

- Emergency Protection

Emergency stop buttons and interlocked guards allow immediate shutdown.

- Legal compliance

Safeguards must not be removed from machines

Maintaining Safe Distances

Keeping safe distances prevents accidents from unexpected movement, blind spots and operator errors.

Method statement

01. Risk identification

- Identify all hazards associated with your task

02. Control Measures

- They outline the exact procedures

03. Clear instructions

- Provide step-by-step guidance

04. Communication Tool

- Method statements ensure al workers know what to do.

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Work at height means work in any place where, if precautions were not taken, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury. You are working at height if you:

work above ground/floor level

could fall from an edge, through an opening or fragile surface or

could fall from ground level into an opening in a floor or a hole in the ground

Work at height does not include a slip or a trip on the level, as a fall from height has to involve a fall from one level to a lower level, nor does it include walking up and down a permanent staircase in a building.

As part of the Regulations, you must ensure:

all work at height is properly planned and organised

those involved in work at height are competent

the risks from work at height are assessed, and appropriate work equipment is selected and used

the risks of working on or near fragile surfaces are properly managed

the equipment used for work at height is properly inspected and maintained

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Fatal Lawnmower Incident near Ripon: In October 2021, Kamil Grygieniec, a 23-year-old worker, died near Ripon, North Yorkshire, when a lawnmower without a safety system overturned on top of him. An inquest found the incident was a work-related accident.

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leading cause of construction deaths, fall=25-30% of deaths, avoid working at height where possible, use right equipment ,prevent falls with guard rails and PPE, minimise consequences (nets and airbags)

Access equipment- ladders& step ladders, mobile towers.

Ladders-to be used in short duration only, 1 in 4 rule (for every 1 foot you go up, you go 4 at the base) , secure base

Step ladders - make sure the step ladder is always locked when in use

Towers & scaffolding- guard rails and toe boards, scaffolding to be inspected every 7 days.

Cherry pickers and harnesses- operator trained, harness need to be inspected before use.

Hazards when working at height - falling objects

Control measures- risk assessment and method statement, exclusion zones , PPE , correct equipment selection.

Scenario task - installing facia boards on a two story house.

-What hazards are present?

Falling from height , injury from tools , risks from poor site conditions, toe boards might slip, roof tiles could fall.

-What equipment is needed?

Scaffolding- toe boards, guard rails, safety gates, needs to be inspected before use.

-What PPE is needed?

Hard hat, steel toe cap boots, safety glasses, hi vis.

-What could go wrong?

Not reading risk assessment properly, not using a harness.

1. Name 3 access equipment types

Scaffolding, ladders, cherry pickers.

2. What is the 1 in 4 rule?

Every 4 foot you go up, you have to go 1 foot out at the bottom.

3. Who can erect scaffolding?

Scaffolders only.

The main legislation for working at height is the Work at Height Regulations 2005.

One thing i have learned today is the 1 in 4 rule, one question I still have is what is a method statement.

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The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (c. 37) (HSWA 1974, HASWA or HASAWA) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that as of 2011 defines the fundamental structure and authority for the encouragement, regulation and enforcement of workplace health, safety and welfare within the United Kingdom.

The act defines general duties on employers, employees, contractors, suppliers of goods and substances for use at work, persons in control of work premises, and those who manage and maintain them, and persons in general. The act enables a broad regime of regulation by government ministers through statutory instruments which has, in the years since 1974, generated an extensive system of specific provisions for various industries, disciplines and risks. It established a system of public supervision through the creation of the Health and Safety Commission and Health and Safety Executive, since merged, and bestows extensive enforcement powers, ultimately backed by criminal sanctions extending to unlimited fines and imprisonment for up to two years. Further, the act provides a critical interface with the law of the European Union on workplace health and safety.

Background

Secretary of State for Employment and Productivity Barbara Castle introduced an Employed Persons (Health and Safety) Bill in 1970[3] but the debate around the bill soon generated a belief that it did not address fundamental issues of workplace safety. In the same year, the Occupational Safety and Health Act was passed into United States federal law. As a result, a committee of inquiry chaired by Lord Robens was established towards the end of Harold Wilson's first government. The Conservative Party then came to power following the 1970 United Kingdom general election, preferring to wait for the Robens Report which was published in 1972.[4][5] Conservative Secretary of State for Employment William Whitelaw introduced a new bill on 28 January 1974 but Labour were returned to power in the February 1974 United Kingdom general election and the bill was again lost.[6] The new Labour administration finally secured the passage of a bill that year.

Structure of the act

The act lays down general principles for the management of health and safety at work, enabling the creation of specific requirements through regulations enacted as statutory instruments or through a code of practice. For example, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (SI 2002/2677), the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (SI 1992/2966) and the Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 are all statutory instruments that lay down detailed requirements. It was also the intention of the act to rationalise the existing complex and confused system of legislation (section 1(2)).

Since the accession of the UK to the European Union (EU) in 1972, much health and safety regulation has needed to comply with the law of the European Union and statutory instruments under the act have been enacted in order to implement EU directives. In particular, the act is the principal means of complying with Directive 89/391/EEC on health and safety at work.[7] Further important changes to section 6, duties in respect of articles and substances used at work, were made by the Consumer Protection Act 1987 in order to implement the Product Liability Directive

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personal protective equipment at work regulations 2022  Jack and Charlie 

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personal protective equipment at work regulations 2022  Jack and Charlie 

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The act came into parliament on the 10th of January 2022 but didn't come into force until 6th April 2022.They extended employers and employees duties regarding personal protective equipment to limb workers.

If a risk assessment indicates that a limb worker requires PPE to carry out their work activities, the employer must carry out a PPE suitability assessment and provide the PPE free of charge as they do for employees.

The employer is responsible for the maintenance, storage and replacement of any PPE they provide.

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1995 and 1996 Health and Safety Act. Requires employers to consult with employees or their elected representatives of employee safety on health, safety, and welfare matter, particularly those not covered by trade union safety representatives.

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The 1992 PPE rights act required employers to supply employees who are at risk at work with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) which was supplied for free.

key employer duties include; providing appropriate PPE, offering training on its use and making sure the PPE is returned to its designated storage facility after each use. in 2022 these regulations were extended to include Limb (b) workers

(in individual who is under contract for services and have fewer rights than an employee but more than someone who is self employed)

This was implemented to ensure employers provide appropriate safety equipment to protect their workers from health and safety risks.

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keep back straight

bent knees

use proper tools/equipment

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keep back straight and bend legs for lifting. forklift or trolley if heavy and awkward

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Straight back and bend your knees , keeping the lode close to your body and avoid twisting , it may also be easier if you do it with a partner or even a piece of equipment such as a wheel barrow. Breaks should be taken by the person and the environment should be clear.

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Working at height regulations 2005 employers must : Avoid work at height where possible , Use the right equipment , Prevent falls with guardrails and PPE and Harness and fall arrest systems.

Ladders: Short duration only , 1 in 4 rule, secure base a simple guideline for setting up a leaning ladder to ensure a stable, 75-degree angle every 4ft up is 1ft out

Towers: Guardrails and toe boards , firm ground , never move with someone on it .

Scaffolding: Trained personnel only , inspected every 7 days , must have guardrails.

Hazards when working at height

Falling objects, Overreaching

Risk assessment and control measures

Exclusion zones

PPE ( hard hat , boots , hi-vis , gloves)

Main legislation for working at height is Work at Height Regulations 2005.

Correct equipment selection

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leading cause of death

it is a legal requirement to reduce this where possible

ladders short durations only 1 in 4 rule must be followed

scaffolding must be inspected every 7 days

Hi-vis, hard hats, boots and gloves must be worn at all rimes

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WORKING AT HEIGHT REGULATIONS 2005 02\10\25

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WORKING AT HEIGHT REGULATIONS 2005 02\10\25

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Working at height regulations 2005 employers must

·       Avoid working at height

·       Use the right equipment

·       Prevent falls with guard rasils

Access equipment include

·       Ladders and step ladders

·       Mobile towers

·       Scaffolding

·       Cherry pickers

·       Harness

Ladders and step ladders

·       Short duration use

·       Fully open always inspected for damage

Towers and scaffolding

·       Towes: guardrails and toe boards firm ground never move with someone on it

·       Scaffolding trained personal only

Hazards when working at height

·       Falling objects

·       Overreaching

·       Fragile surfaces

Control measures

·       Risk assessments and method assessments

·       Exclusion zones

·       PPE

·       Correct equipment

Fascia board ( face shia)

PPE needed for a fascia board include

·       Safety goggles

·       Work boots

·       Appropriate clothing

·       Hard hat

·       Hivis

Suitable equipment needed for a fascia board

·       Hammer and nails

·       Ladder

·       Drill

·       Spirit level

·       Scaffolding

·       Toe boards

Hazards for fitting a fascia board

·       Falling from a height

·       Slips and trips

·       Not being careful when using tools

·       Bad weather

Health and safety when working on a fascia board

·       Thorough read of the risk and method assessment

·       Stabel ladder or scaffolding to work on

·       Don’t improvise on heights

What could go wrong whilst fitting a fascia board

·       Improvisation

·       Not acknowledging the risk and method assessment

·       Being unprofessional

Quick fire Questions

Q1) Name 3 access equipment

·       Scaffolding

·       Cherry picker

·       Ladder

Q2) what is the 1 in 4 ladder rule?

·       Have to sustain a 74 degree angle

·       Every 4ft up you go 1ft out

Q3) who can erect scaffolding?

·       Scaffolders (professional)

The main legislation for working at heights is the Work at height regulation of 2005

SUMMARY

·       Falls is the biggest danger

·       Use correct equipment safely

·       Follow the main legislation for working at heights

Exit ticket

·       I found out that the main legislation for working at height is the work at height regulation of 2005

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why dangerous :

leads to severe injuries

access equipment:

ladders step ladders

scaffolding

harness and fall arrest systems

mobile towers

ladders should be used in short duration only,1 in 4 rule, secure base

step ladders fully open never overreach

inspect for damage

towers guardrails and toe boards firm ground never move with someone on it

scaffolding trained personnel only inspected every seven days must have guardrails around edges

hazard at height:

falling objects

fragile surface

slips and falls

weather

control measures:

risk assessment

ppe exclusion zones

correct equipment selected

fascia board what the guttering is attached to

hazards present:

falling from height of ladder

slip trips

not being careful when using the tools

bad weather

incorrect safety precautions when at height

not a good safety plan on the worksite

PPE:

hard hat

work trousers

work top

steal toe boots

safety glasses

Hivis jacket

harness

Suitable equipment:

power drill

ladder

hammer

nails

spirit level

scaffolding

guard rales

toe boards [regular inspection]

scaffold boards on floor make steady and stable

1. cherry picker ladder scaffolding

2. ensure a stable 75 degree angle for every 4 foot up its 1 foot out

3.only trained individuals like scaffolders

1. work at height regulations 2005

2. toe boards prevent material from falling from scaffolding

one thing I have learned is the 1 in 4 rule

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all ladders must be safely checked for damage and made sure they are to standard with the 1 to 4 rule and not placed in front of any drive way or door frame as well as if in a public space a barrier or some form of separation is put up between the public and you Hazards of working at height in construction include

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ladders must be checked before use as they might not be suitable for use potentially cause injury if not checked properly. if the ladder is suitable for use you must use the 1 to 4 rule to keep the ladder at a 75 degree angle

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A RIDDOR injury is a specific workplace accident, injury, or illness that employers and self-employed people are legally required to report to the Health and Safety Executive.

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Report any serious injuries as it might prevent future injuries etc.

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yes martin lad

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now then

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record must be kept if you are of for more than 7 days

keep a brief description of whats happened

RIDDOR documentation involves an employer recording work-related accidents, diseases, and dangerous occurrences, and submitting specific reports to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) online. Records must be kept for a minimum of three years, or ideally six, to allow for potential civil litigation. Employers use the online HSE RIDDOR form to log incidents such as fatalities, certain serious injuries, diagnosed occupational diseases, and near-misses, and should retain a copy of the submitted report. While being investigated you cannot carry on with the job that you where doing

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When dealing with a carpenters RIDDOR, an accident must be reported under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR) if it causes a specified major injury, leads to more than seven consecutive days of incapacitation for a worker, results in a fatality, or constitutes a dangerous occurrence. A carpenters chisel itself is not a reportable item, but injuries sustained while using one might be. design construction of product. HSE is a legal requirement. who what where when why. keep legal records of injury's up to 7 days absence. correct report with brief descriptions the actual day the accident took place does not count for the 7 consecutive days.

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Need to report injuries to hse representative. Must provide hse with information.

Reporting incidents to the hse is a legal requirement of Riddor.

Who, what, where, why.

A record must be kept of any injuries that make you be off for more than 7 days.

RIDDOR documentation involves recording and formally reporting certain workplace accidents, diseases, and dangerous occurrences to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Employers must maintain internal incident records, potentially using an accident book, and complete online RIDDOR forms for reportable incidents, keeping copies of the reports for at least three years.

Accident book has to be completed, if your off for more than 3 days you will get pay, it becomes a riddor reportable incident when off for more than 7 days.

Equipment on site and tasks on site, some are reportable and some are not, but you can report anything.

As soon as you register your riddor executive they will investigate from there.

Construction operative will come and look around to make sure everything isup to standard.

Local authority have h&s that can investigate.

While they're investigating you they will stop the job completely until the investigations and interviews are over.

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reporting to hse is an essential

a record must be kept for more than 70 days if your off for more than 7 days so your not liable

if something is reported the job will be stopped

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riddor: reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 

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riddor: reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 

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health and safety at work act 1974

work related accidents that cause death or serious harm

Reporting to HSE is a legal requirement under RIDDOR

who what where when why

injuries and hazard/risk records need to be kept and be up to date

record must be kept of any injuries consisting of a person being off for more than 7 days

make note of correct time date and brief description of what is occurring

[7 days after the accident includes weekends]

as soon as RIDDOR incident is report HSE takes it further and investigates

stops work whilst under investigation

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reporting incidents to HSE is a legal requirement

A record must be kept of any injuries keeping you off work for 7 consecutive days

Making it easier for an investigation to take place

Your record book has to be completed

Whilst the investigation is going on the job will be stopped until its done

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-Reporting of injuries,diseases and dangerous occurances regulations 2013

-Reporting to HSE is a legal requirement

-Who what why when how need reporting

-you need to keep record of injuries and how they happened and on what tool/machine if they keep you of work for more than 7 consecutive days

-keep record of each job and task

-if reported and RIDDOR is involved, the job will be stopped untill the investigation has closed

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riddor was introduced in 1996

legal requiremeant for employers is reporting riddor to hse

and tell them who what where when why

you need to keep when the accident was and who was involved

a record must be kept if the injury has made you stay of for 7 or more days

you keep a copy of this report as if there is a investigation on that incident you have the information needed.

the accident book must be completed

as soon as place in the riddor report the hse will carry out the investgation

while they are investagating you the job has to be stopped until the interviews and everything is done

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A chisel injury to a finger/thumb that breaks the skin/causes damage to the bone - e.g. a fracture/break/chip - needs reporting due to fact of if the injury was caused by faulty equipment, it can be involved in legal proceedings.

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Before working at height, consider if the task can be completed another way that would avoid the risk of a fall from height.

For example to inspect a roof that is difficult to access and visibly see any defects, instead of balancing a long extension ladder, Drones can now be used to access difficult areas ​Access equipment: any item of equipment used by a person to safely gain height.​ Risk of fall from a ladder or step ladder is high.​

HSE recommends that ladders are only used when there is no other equipment to complete the task.​

Timber ladders (pole ladders) are heavy can easily be damaged.​

Aluminium ladders much stronger & lighter but can be dangerous working near electrical cables. ​Leaning ladders must be positioned at an angle of 75 degrees​

Or a ratio of 1:4​. HSE key messages are that:​

you must be competent in erection and dismantling of mobile scaffolds; and​

you must always read and follow the manufacturer's instruction manual and on no account attempt use the equipment beyond its limitations.​ Scaffolding can only be erected, altered and taken down by a trained competent person/scaffolder. ​

​

Once erected scaffolder will inspect and confirm that it is safe to use by filling out a ‘Scaff tag’ and then will place this on the scaffold where it is easy to view usually on the ladder.

​

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Health and safety is important since workplaces in construction have a high risk so standards of reporting and changing the workplace to minimize that risk is important to protect and compliance employees as legally required to .

The Health and Safety Executives

Legal Enforcement

Enforces health and safety law in construction under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, providing the legal backbone for workplace safety.

CDM Regulations

Issues Construction (Design and Management) Regulations to systematically manage risks throughout project lifecycles from conception to completion.

Inspections & Prosecutions

Conducts rigorous site inspections, thorough investigations, and prosecutions for serious breaches to maintain industry standards.

Guidance Resources

Provides authoritative guidance, comprehensive resources, and practical tools to support industry-wide compliance and best practices.

Local Enforcement partners

Local authorities are vital since they focus on small scale projects and community protection.

Role of CSO (Construction Safety Officer)

On-site professional responsible for implementing comprehensive safety policies on a day-to-day basis across all construction activities.

Conducts thorough hazard assessments, delivers essential safety training, and performs regular site inspections to identify risks.

Acts as crucial liaison between workers, management, and regulatory bodies, ensuring clear communication channels.

Ensures strict adherence to HSE and CDM requirements on site, maintaining detailed records and documentation.

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Key Organisations and Bodies in Construction Health & Safety

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Key Organisations and Bodies in Construction Health & Safety

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Why health & Safety Organisations Matter in Construction.

High-risk Environments

-Construction sites present complex hazards including working at height, heavy machinery and hazardous materials requiring vigilance.

Standards & Enforcement

-Dedicated organisations establish rigorous standards, enforce regulations and provide practical guidance to industry professionals.

Protection & compliance.

-Their critical work protects workers, safeguards the public and ensures full legal compliance across all construction activities.

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) - The UK's Regulator

-01. Legal Enforcement

Enforces health and safety law in construction under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, providing the legal backbone for workplace safety.

-02. CDM Regulations

Issues Construction (Design and Management) Regulations to systematically manage risks throughout project lifecycles from conception to completion.

-03.Inspections & Prosecutions

Conducts rigourous site inspections, thorough investigations and prosecutions for serious breaches to maintain industry standards.

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Hand Arm Vibration

Dermatitis

Falling from height

Musculoskeletal problems

Struck by moving plant

Drugs and alcohol at work is gross misconduct and can get sacked from having a drink the night before as it puts your colleagues at risk

need safe storage of materials and chemicals to prevent fires, explosions and toxic exposure

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health and safety powerpoint notes - 16/10/25

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health and safety powerpoint notes - 16/10/25

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COMMON HEALTH RISKS-

Hand arm vibration - prolonged use of power tools

Noise Exposure - Constant exposure to loud machinery/tools can lead to permament hearing loss

Respiratory Illness- Breathing in wood dust/fibres/chemical fumes can cause serious lung conditions including asthma and silicosis

OTHER HEALTH RISKS-

Dermatitis - skin irritaion/rashes caused by contact with cement /solvents /adhesives /timber preservatives - can be stopped by wearing gloves and washing hands regularly

Musculoskelatal problems- Back pain/ joint pain/ repetive strain injuries from heavy lifting, poor posture and repetive movements - have correct posture

Falling from height - Falls from ladders/ scaffoldong/ roofs and a leading cause of serious injury and death - always use proper access equipment and guardrails

Struck by moveing plant machinery - Accidents involving forklifts/ excavators / delivery vehicles - stay alert/ wear hi-vis/ dont walk in blind spots

DRUGS AND CLCOHOL AT WORK -

Impaired Judgement - Drugs and alcohol slow reaction times/ cloud decision-making, which increase the risk of serious accidents with tools/ machinery

Dangers to others - Wokring under the influence puts your colleagues in danger and could kill

Dismissal and Legal action - Being under the influence at work in gross misconduct. You'll be dismissed immediately and may face criminal charges if someone is hurt

SAFE STORAGE OF MATERIALS -

01 - speperate storkes - keep combustibiles away from ignition sources and in designated areas with clear singage

PERSONAL HYGIENE ON SITE -

- Wash hands regularly

- Avoid eating in work areas

- Clean cuts immediately

- Use welfare facilities

- Change contaminated clothing

DANGERS OF ASBESTOS -

Where its found - Insulation/ ceiling tiles - floor tiles/ roofing tiles/ pipe logging/ texturing coatings in buildings constructed before 2000

What to do - Never disturb asbestos materials, if you suspect asbestos, stop working and report to supervisor, only liseneced contractors can remove it

Long term risk - Any amount of it can sit in your lungs for years and cause lung disease

POWER CABLES -

Yellow power cable - 240V stepped down to 110V

Red power cable - 240V stepped up to 415V

Blue power cable - 240V

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Hand arm vibrations- prolonged use of power tools

Noise exposure- Constant exposure to loud machinery and power tools

Respiratory illness- Breathing in wood dust, fibres and chemical fumes.

Dermatitis-Skin irritation and rashes caused by contact with cement, solvents, adhesive and timber preservatives . Wear gloves and wash hands regularly.

Musculoskeletal Problems- Back pain, joint damage and repetitive strain injuries from heavy lifting, poor posture and repetitive movements. Use correct lifting techniques.

Falling for height- Falls from ladders =, scaffolding and roofs are a leading cause of serious injury and death in construction. Always use proper access equipment and guardrails.

Struck by moving Plant-Accident involving moving vehicles for example a fork lift. Stay away from blind spots.

Safe Storage of materials- Sperate Storage , Ventilation Matters , Secure Containers and Know the rules .

Personal Hygiene on Site:

Wash hand regularly

Avoid eating in work areas

Clean cuts immediately

Use welfare facilities

Change contaminated clothing

Dangers of asbestos- Asbestos is a deadly material found in older buildings. Breathing in asbestos fibres cause fatal lung diseases including mesothelioma.

Asbestos cement

Asbestos insulation

contaminated material

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Hand arm vibration

Sanders drills and jigsaws

Noise exposure

Constant exposure to power tools and machines

Respiratory illness

Breathing in wood dust and fibres.

Dermatitis skin irritation and rashes caused by contact with chemicals

Falling from heights

Falls from ladders and scaffolding cause of serious injuries and death.

Struck by moving plant

Accidents involving forklifts stay alert while near one of these vehicles.

Musculoskeletal problems

Back pains and joint pains from repetitive movements and lifting heavy equipment.

No drugs and alcohol at work as it can impair judgement its dangerous to others and legal action can be taken.

personal hygiene

Wash hands regularly

Avoid eating in work areas

Clean cuts immediately

Use welfare facilities

change contaminated clothing.

Dangers of asbestos

Causes lung disease from only one little particle

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yellow= 110

blue= 240

red= 410

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A scaffolding contractor from Teesside has been fined after a scaffold collapsed in a public street.

The Health and Safety Executive

prosecuted William Bedford, trading as B & J Scaffolding, following the incident in Jedburgh Street, Middlesbrough in 2008.

On the evening of 18th of January, 85 metres of scaffolding overturned in the wind and collapsed into the street.

The HSE investigation showed that the scaffolding was not adequately secured to the houses and was missing elements used to stabilise the structure.

Mr Bedford, whose business is based at Durham Road, Redcar, pleaded guilty to breaching Section 3(1) of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 when he appeared at Teesside Magistrates' Court. He was fined £4,000 and was ordered to pay costs of £2,500. After the case, HSE inspector Natalie Wright said: "The scaffold had been used as a working platform for at least five days before the incident, by workers on site carrying out work to the house fronts. It could have collapsed at any time, creating a significant risk to workers and members of the public.

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Common health risks on site

Hand arm vibration

-prolonged use of power tools like sanders, drills and jigsaws.

Musculoskeletal Problems

- Back pain, joint damage and repetitive strain injuries. Use correct lifting techniques.

Struck by moving plants

-Accidents involving forklifts, excavators and delivery vehicles.

Falling from height

- Falls from ladders, scaffolding and roofs. Always use proper access equipment and guardrails.

Drugs and Alcohol at Work

Impaired judgement

Drugs and Alcohol slow reaction times and cloud decision-making.

Danger to Others

Working under the influence puts your colleagues at risk.

Dismissal and Legal Action

Being under the influence at work is gross misconduct. You'll be dismissed immediately and may face criminal charges

Safe Storage of Materials

Seperate Storage

-Keep combustibles away from ignition sources.

Ventilation Matters

-Store chemicals in well ventilated areas.

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safe system of work= planning how you will carry out the job

permit to work= ask permission

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Working safely around plant equipment - 16/10/25

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Working safely around plant equipment - 16/10/25

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HOW CAN MOVING PLANT AND MACHINERY CAN CAUSE INJURIES

Contact incidents - direct contact with moving parts/ rotating components/ vehicles can cause crushing injuries/ fractures/ severe trauma

Entrapment Risks - workers can become trapped between moving machinery and fixed objects, leading to serious crush injuries/ fatalities

Projectile Hazards - Flying materials, ejected components/ debris from cutting and processing can strike workers causing eye injuries and lacerations

Movement accidents - unexpected machinery movement/ reversing vehicles/ equipment operation can strike workers who aren't maintainings safe distances

Whats a banksmen in construction? - A banksman is a someone that directs all the heavy machinery in order to not dig up/damage gas/water pipes

THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF MACHINE SAFEGUARDS

Physical guards - prevent direct contact with the moving/ rotating components which reduces injury risk

SAFE WORKING PRACTICES

- Stay outside marked exlusion zones

- Wait for equipment to completly stop

- Make yourself visible to operators

- Never walk behind reversing vehicles

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prohibition signs= red- not allowed

warning signs= yellow- potential dangers

mandatory signs= blue- must be done

emergency/situation signs= green- show information

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4 types of signs

prohibition signs

warnings signs

mandatory signs

Emergency signs

Prohibition Red Not allowed to do for example do not drink and do not enter

Warning yellow Potential dangers in an area corrosive material and tripping hazard

mandatory blue must be done on site safety boots must be worn.

information green pointing health and safety for example emergency exit route.

Hazardous waste signs Harmful and dangerous materials Flammable (LPG)

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Senior coroner Jon Heath had earlier told jury members they would need to decide whether Mr Grygieniec's death could have been avoided.

In a statement to the inquest in Thirsk, Mr Grygieniec's mother, Ava, said her "hard-working and popular" son died on the last day of his job.

She added that Mr Grygieniec, who had been living with his parents in their family home, had been due to start another role the following Monday.

"He was an easy-going, popular boy who had a very bright future ahead of him, and his friends said it felt like they lost a brother as he lit up other people's lives," she said.

"He was born in Poland but we moved here as he had recurring chest infections as a child and the UK had better healthcare."

She added that she had a "close relationship" with her son and he "loved fresh air and was a hard worker, so working as a landscape gardener was perfect for him".

'Risky and steep'

The inquest heard that a post-mortem examination found Mr Grygieniec had suffered "sharp blunt force injuries" to the left side of his head caused by the impact of the mower.

Police and ambulance crews had found him submerged and face down in a pond under the lawnmower and he was pronounced dead at the scene at 16:45 BST.

The inquest also heard drowning was not considered to have played a part in Mr Grygieniec's death, nor alcohol or medication.

In a witness statement, Glyn Horner, who lived in North Stainley, said he had seen a gardener and remembered thinking the area he was mowing looked "risky and steep, but he was not driving erratically".

Francis Ellis, from the Health and Safety Executive, who examined the mower after the incident, told the inquest the device was not fitted with a rollover protection system.

She added that Mr Grygieniec was also not wearing a seatbelt, so there was nothing to stop him from having contact with the machine during the incident.

"He would have rolled over with the machine with quite a lot of force and inertia as it was taking place on a big slope on a steep bank while the blades were still moving," Ms Ellis explained.

John Holroyd, a former colleague of Mr Grygieniec at MHS Countryside Management, told the jury he had not personally received training on using equipment and did not see any documents about how to use the mower.

However, another MHS colleague, Jordan Dickinson, said in a statement to the inquest that "if workers didn't want to do anything they felt was unsafe, they could just say to management and they were supportive".

Mr Dickinson also said that he had been shown how to use the equipment when he started.

The inquest continues.

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retro fit means adding new parts or systems to an existing structure, vehicle, or piece of equipment after it was originally manufactured to improve its performance or efficiency

demolition= destroyed

Just in time= keeping your stocks at the right level for the next orders coming in

jurisdiction of local authority when you are building= safety checks and checks of regulations

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New build- A building that has not long been built

Renovate - renew certain aspects

Maintenance- Keep things working

Retrofit - Upgrading and modifying old houses

Domestic - Your own home

Commercial - A public space

Demolition - Destroying something

Just in time - when thing arrive just in time for when they are needed , for example buying bricks locally

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1. Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work 2. Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace 3. Know the importance of working safely at height in the workplace 4. Know risks to health within a construction environment 5. Know the importance of working around plant and equipment safely

1 The learner will: 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 State the purpose of risk assessments and method statements 1.2 State the legal requirements of risk assessments and method statements 1.3 State common causes of work-related: • fatalities • injuries. 1.4 State the implications of not preventing accidents and ill health at work 1.5 State the meaning of the following in relation to health and safety at work: • accident • near miss • hazard • risk • competence. 1.6 List typical hazards and potential risks associated with: • resources • equipment • obstructions • storage • services • wastes • work activities. 1.7 State the importance of reporting accidents and near misses 1.8 State typical accident reporting procedures 1.9 State who is responsible for making accident reports 1.10 State the purpose of dynamic risk assessments

2 The learner will: 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace Assessment criteria The learner can: 2.1 State the reasons for ensuring safe manual handling in the workplace 2.2 State the potential injuries and ill health that may occur from incorrect manual handling 2.3 State the employee’s responsibilities under current legislation and official guidance for: • moving and storing materials • manual handling • mechanical lifting 2.4 State the procedures for safe lifting in accordance with official guidance 2.5 State the importance of using site safety equipment when handling materials and equipment 2.6 List aids available to assist manual handling in the workplace: • pallet truck • forklift truck • lifting sling • roust-about • wheelbarrow • sack barrow • kerb/vacuum lifters. 2.7 State how to apply safe work practices, follow procedures and report problems when carrying out safe manual handling in the workplace Learning outcome

3 The learner will: 3 Know the importance of working safely at height in the workplace Assessment criteria The learner can: 3.1 Define the term ‘working at height’ 3.2 State the employee’s responsibilities under current legislation and official guidance whilst working at height 3.3 List hazards and potential risks associated with: • dropping tools and debris • stability of ladders • overhead cables • fragile roofs • scaffolds • internal voids • equipment • the working area • other people. 3.4 State how hazards and potential risks associated with working at height can be controlled 3.5 State the regulation that controls the use of suitable equipment for working at height Learning outcome

4 The learner will: 4 Know risks to health within a construction environment Assessment criteria The learner can: 4.1 List the main groups of substances hazardous to health under current regulations 4.2 List common risks to health within a construction environment: • hand arm vibration • noise • respiratory illness • dermatitis • musculoskeletal problems • falling from height • struck by moving plant machinery. 4.3 State the types of hazards and potential risks that may occur in the workplace linked with the use of drugs and alcohol 4.4 State the importance of the correct storage of combustibles and chemicals on site 4.5 State the importance of personal hygiene within a construction environment 4.6 State the potential risks to the health of workers exposed to asbestos 4.7 State the types of asbestos waste 4.8 State the types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that may be used when dealing with hazardous materials

Learning outcome 5 The learner will: 5 Know the importance of working around plant and equipment safely Assessment criteria The learner can: 5.1 List ways in which moving plant, machinery or equipment can cause injuries 5.2 State the hazards/risks relating to the use of plant and equipment: • struck by moving machinery • striking cables and buried services • trapped by moving machinery • damage from flying debris • electric shocks • burns • noise • tripping • injury during use and changing tooling • dust 5.3 State the importance of safeguards located near where plant, machinery and equipment are being used 5.4 State the importance of keeping a safe distance away from plant, machinery or equipment until clear contact is made with the operator 5.5 Outline how method statements can assist in ensuring the safety of workers where moving plant, machinery or equipment is in use 5.6 State the ways to eliminate or control risks relating to working around plant, machinery or equipment 5.7 Identify hazard warning signs and symbols used when operating or working with, around or in close proximity to plant, machinery or equipment

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states employers are responsible for protecting the safety of their employees at work, by preventing potential dangers in the workplace.

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If you are an employer or you control work at height (for example facilities managers or building owners who may contract others to work at height) the Regulations apply to you.

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Health and Safety at Work Act (HASWA) • follow workplace procedures and systems • follow slip, trip and fall prevention methods • use equipment and PPE properly • report any issues or risks. ii. Reporting Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) • report any work-related incidents • provide details for reporting purposes • comply with reporting procedures. iii. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) • follow instructions for safe use • use control measures properly • report exposure incidents. iv. Construction, Design and Management (CDM) Regulations • take care of own health and safety • be aware of safety of others who may be affected by own actions • report potential safety issues to the employer. v. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) • use equipment only if trained • report any faulty equipment • follow safety instructions provided. vi. Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHOR) • follow safe lifting techniques • use aids where provided • report unsafe loads or practices. vii. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work Regulations • use PPE correctly as instructed • help maintain PPE properly • report any defects or issues. viii. Work at Height Regulations (WAHR) • use safety equipment provided • follow training and procedures • do not undertake unsafe practices

x. Control of Noise at Work Regulations (CNWR) • wear hearing protection when required • follow noise control procedures • report potential issues or over-exposure. x. Control of Vibration at Work Regulations (CVWR) • take regular rest breaks from use of vibrating tools • report potential symptoms of vibration exposure • follow control measures implemented. xi. Electricity at Work Regulations (EAWR) • visually check equipment before use • report any defects immediately • follow safe systems of work. xii. Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) • do not use equipment unless trained • follow safe lifting practices • report any defective equipment. xiii. Confined Spaces Regulations • avoid entry into confined spaces whenever possible • if entry is unavoidable, follow a safe system of work • put in place adequate emergency arrangements before starting work in confined spaces. xiv.Building Safety Act • comply with building regulations and fire safety orders • escalate/report significant fire and structural safety concerns. xv. The Control of Lead at Work Regulations

2 Employer and employee responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA) a) Employer responsibilities: i. provision of safe working environment ii. provision of access to adequate staff training: • CSCS card • induction • toolbox talks. iii. provision of health and safety information iv. completion of risk assessment2 Employer and employee responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA) a) Employer responsibilities: i. provision of safe working environment ii. provision of access to adequate staff training: • CSCS card • induction • toolbox talks. iii. provision of health and safety information iv. completion of risk assessments v. supervision vi. provision of PPE for employees vii. reporting of hazards, accidents and near misses viii. CDM regulations, construction phase plans ix. protecting/providing provision for employee welfare x. display of public liability insurance and health and safety law posters/information. b) Employee responsibilities: i. exercising a duty of care to themselves and to others ii. working in a safe manner iii. complying with employer instructions iv. working safely with other trades v. reporting hazards, accidents and near misses vi. following organisational procedures.

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Health and Safety - follow workplace procedures and systems , follow slip trips and falls prevention methods , use equipment and PPE properly and report and issues or risks.

Reporting Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) - report any work-related incidents ,provide details for reporting purposes , comply with reporting procedures.

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) - follow instructions for safe use , use control measures properly , report exposure incidents. Construction, Design and Management (CDM) Regulations- take care of own health and safety , be aware of safety of others who may be affected by own actions , report potential safety issues to the employer.

Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) - use equipment only if trained , report any faulty equipment , follow safety instructions provided.

Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHOR) , follow safe lifting techniques , use aids where provided , report unsafe loads or practices. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work Regulations , use PPE correctly as instructed , help maintain PPE properly , report any defects or issues. Work at Height Regulations (WAHR) , use safety equipment provided , follow training and procedures , do not undertake unsafe practices

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Health and safety act 1974

Electricity at work regulations 1989

Manual handling operations regulations 1992

Workplace health, safety, and welfare regulations 1992

PPE work regulations 1992

Consultation with employees regulations 1995/1996

provision and use of work equipment 1998

Lifting operations regulations 1998

Management of health and safety regulations 1999

COSHH 2002

Work at height regulations 2005

Fire safety 2005

Noise at work regulations 2005

Control of vibration at work regulations 2005

Corporate manslaughter and corporate homicide act 2007

Construction regulations 2015

PPE (more recent)

2015

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1974 health and safety act-describes the general duties that employers have towards their employees and to members of the public

COSHH 2002-UK legislation that requires employers, by law, to protect their employees from exposure to dangerous substances.

Manual Handling Operations Regulations 2002-require an employer to carry out a risk assessment on all manual handling tasks that pose an injury risk

RIDDOR 1986-requires employers, and other people in charge of work premises to report and keep records of all: work-related fatalities. work-related injuries. diagnosed cases of reportable occupational diseases

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Health and Safety at Work Act (HASWA) ,follow workplace procedures and systems follow slip, trip and fall prevention methods use equipment and PPE properly report any issues or risks.

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management of health and safety at work regulations

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management of health and safety at work regulations

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the act places a duty on employers to assess and manage risks to their employees emerging from the workplace

employers are required to carry out risk assessments, provide training.

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the workplace (health, safety and welfare) regulations 1992

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the workplace (health, safety and welfare) regulations 1992

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the employer is required to provide a safe working environment for employees and must account for the following

ventilation and indoor temp

lighting and heating

hygeine facilities

clean drinking water

clean and tidy shelter

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Health and Safety at Work Act (HASWA) 1974

Follow workplace procedures and systems Follow slip, trip and fall prevention methods Use equipment and PPE properly

Report any issues or risks.

Reporting Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 2013

• report any work-related incidents

• provide details for reporting purposes

• comply with reporting procedures.

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principles of risk assessments. Introduced in the health and safety at work act of 1974. risk assessments identify and reduce possible under this legislation employers are expected to provide PPE to all employees free of charge

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Reporting Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) report any work-related incidents provide details for reporting purposes comply with reporting procedures

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The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 

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The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 

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The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 is the primary piece of legislation governing workplace health and safety in Great Britain. There are also main pieces of regulation which are integral to managing health and safety at work.

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1. was the 1974 health and safety at work act which is normally know as hasawa it is to make employers and employees are made aware of there own health and safety while at work.

2. the next one is the electricity at work regulations and that came out in 1989 this legislation safeguards anything electric gets fitted.

3. then it was the manual handling operations regulations came out in 1992 and was made for lifting pushing and pulling and thing with moving objects about.

4. then it is the workplace health and safety and welfare and this was made in the same year as the manual handling

5. also in 1992 was the PPE at work regulations where employers need to supply suitable PPE for the job

6. then is the health and safety (consultation with employees ) regulations this is where employers have to consult with the employees

7. then it is the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 which is also most commonly know as puwer this legislation makes sure equipment is suitable and safe

8. then in 2002 was the coshh which is also know as control of substances hazardous to health which makes sure that anything that has a possibility of setting alight or exploding needs to be stored in a safe and secure position also things that can affect your health come under this regulations such as asbestos and dust particles that can get in your lungs and cause cancer or asthma

9. then in 2005 was the work at height regulations which require planning and supervision

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Under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, the minimum you must do is: identify what could cause injury or illness in your business decide how likely it is that someone could be harmed and how seriously

The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in Great Britain. It's sometimes referred to as HSWA, the HSW Act, the 1974 Act or HASAWA. It sets out the general duties which: employers have towards employees and members of the public.

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the better days couldnt come too soon,

them jails overpopulated got no room,

you ever had to get it popping cos you got no food,

they hate me when im winning but the love me when i lose,

kicking back smoking cali while im listening to tunes,

martinL20

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“Know risks to health within a construction environment”, common health risks include:

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“Know risks to health within a construction environment”, common health risks include:

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“Know risks to health within a construction environment”, common health risks include:

Dust inhalation

Wood dust (hardwood/softwood)

Silica dust from cutting masonry or concrete

Can cause respiratory problems, asthma, and long-term lung disease

Noise exposure

Prolonged use of power tools and machinery

Risk of temporary or permanent hearing loss

Vibration

Hand-arm vibration from power tools (e.g. drills, sanders)

Can lead to Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)

Manual handling

Lifting, carrying, pushing, or pulling heavy materials

Risk of back injuries, strains, and musculoskeletal disorders

Hazardous substances

Adhesives, solvents, paints, preservatives, and resins

Can cause skin irritation, dermatitis, breathing problems, or long-term illness

Skin contact hazards

Cement, lime, chemicals, and oils

Risk of dermatitis, burns, and allergic reactions

Poor air quality / fumes

Exhaust fumes, solvent vapours, and lack of ventilation

Can cause dizziness, headaches, or long-term health effects

Extreme temperatures

Working in cold, wet, or hot conditions

Risk of hypothermia, heat stress, or dehydration

Poor posture and repetitive tasks

Prolonged kneeling, bending, or repetitive movements

Can lead to joint pain and long-term musculoskeletal issues

Biological hazards

Exposure to mould, bacteria, or bird droppings

Risk of infections or respiratory conditions

If you want, I can:

Rewrite this in learner-friendly Level 2 language

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the main groups of substances hazardous to health under current regulations (COSHH)”, 

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the main groups of substances hazardous to health under current regulations (COSHH)”, 

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List the main groups of substances hazardous to health under current regulations (COSHH)”, the expected answer focuses on broad substance groups, not individual products.

Main groups of substances hazardous to health (COSHH)

Dusts

Wood dust, silica dust, cement dust

Can cause breathing problems, asthma, and long-term lung disease

Fumes

Welding fumes, engine exhaust fumes

Can cause respiratory irritation and long-term illness

Vapours

Solvents, paints, varnishes, adhesives

Can cause dizziness, headaches, and breathing problems

Liquids and mists

Paint sprays, oils, preservatives, cleaning chemicals

Can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin

Gases

Carbon monoxide, LPG, oxygen-deficient atmospheres

Can cause serious injury or death

Biological agents

Bacteria, mould, fungi, bird droppings

Can cause infections and respiratory illness

Chemicals harmful to skin

Cement, lime, resins, oils

Can cause dermatitis and chemical burns

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State the type of hazards and potential risks that may occur in the workplace linked with the use of drugs and alcohol”

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State the type of hazards and potential risks that may occur in the workplace linked with the use of drugs and alcohol”

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“State the type of hazards and potential risks that may occur in the workplace linked with the use of drugs and alcohol”, the expected response focuses on hazards caused by impairment and the risks that result.

Hazards and potential risks linked to drugs and alcohol in the workplace

Impaired judgement and decision-making

Risk: Unsafe decisions, ignoring safety procedures, increased likelihood of accidents

Reduced concentration and awareness

Risk: Failure to notice hazards, moving machinery, or other workers

Slower reaction times

Risk: Inability to respond quickly to dangerous situations, leading to serious injury

Poor coordination and balance

Risk: Slips, trips, falls, and loss of control of tools or equipment

Unsafe use of tools and machinery

Risk: Cuts, amputations, crushing injuries, or fatal accidents

Increased likelihood of working at height incidents

Risk: Falls from ladders, scaffolds, or platforms

Driving and plant operation hazards

Risk: Collisions, run-over incidents, and serious injury to self or others

Aggressive or unpredictable behaviour

Risk: Conflict, violence, and breakdown of site safety culture

Poor compliance with PPE and site rules

Risk: Increased exposure to other workplace hazards

Risk to others on site

Risk: Injury or death to co-workers or members of the public

Examiner-ready model answer

The use of drugs and alcohol at work can cause impaired judgement, reduced concentration, slow reactions, and poor coordination. This creates hazards when using tools, machinery, working at height, or operating vehicles, increasing the risk of accidents, serious injury, or death to the worker and others.

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“List common risks to health within a construction environment”, 

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“List common risks to health within a construction environment”, 

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“List common risks to health within a construction environment”, the following are accepted examples:

Hand–arm vibration (HAV)

Caused by prolonged use of vibrating power tools

Can lead to numbness, tingling, loss of grip strength (HAVS)

Noise

From machinery and power tools

Can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss

Respiratory illness

Caused by inhaling dusts, fumes, or vapours (e.g. wood dust)

Can lead to asthma, breathing difficulties, or long-term lung disease

Dermatitis

From contact with cement, oils, solvents, or chemicals

Causes skin irritation, rashes, cracking, or burns

Musculoskeletal problems

From poor posture, repetitive work, or manual handling

Can cause back injuries, joint pain, and long-term disorders

Falling from height

From ladders, scaffolds, or platforms

Can result in serious injury or fatality

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Importance of correct storage of combustibles and chemicals on site

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Importance of correct storage of combustibles and chemicals on site

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Importance of correct storage of combustibles and chemicals on site

Reduces the risk of fire and explosion

Prevents ignition of flammable liquids, gases, and materials

Protects workers’ health

Reduces exposure to harmful fumes, vapours, and skin contact

Prevents leaks, spills, and contamination

Minimises environmental damage and slip hazards

Ensures compliance with legal requirements

Meets COSHH, fire safety, and site safety regulations

Prevents unauthorised access or misuse

Keeps hazardous substances away from untrained persons

Maintains clear and safe work areas

Reduces trip hazards and improves overall site safety

Allows safe emergency response

Proper labelling and storage helps emergency services identify risks quickly

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Importance of personal hygiene in a construction environment

Reduces the risk of illness and infection

Prevents ingestion or absorption of harmful substances such as dusts, chemicals, and bacteria

Prevents skin conditions

Regular washing reduces the risk of dermatitis caused by cement, oils, and chemicals

Limits spread of contaminants

Stops hazardous substances being transferred to the mouth, eyes, or home

Protects respiratory health

Washing hands and face before eating or drinking reduces inhalation and ingestion of dust

Promotes safe food consumption

Clean hands reduce contamination when eating, drinking, or smoking

Supports compliance with health and safety regulations

Helps meet site welfare and hygiene requirements

Improves overall wellbeing and professionalism

Encourages safer working habits and respect for the workplace

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Potential health risks from exposure to asbestos

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Potential health risks from exposure to asbestos

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Potential health risks from exposure to asbestos

Asbestosis

Scarring of the lungs caused by inhaling asbestos fibres

Leads to shortness of breath and permanent lung damage

Lung cancer

Increased risk from prolonged or repeated exposure to asbestos fibres

Mesothelioma

A serious and usually fatal cancer of the lining of the lungs or abdomen

Strongly linked to asbestos exposure

Pleural thickening

Thickening of the lining of the lungs

Can cause chest pain and breathing difficulties

Long-term health effects

Symptoms often develop many years after exposure

Damage is irreversible and can be fata

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construction health and safety Potential health risks from exposure to asbestos

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Types of asbestos waste

Asbestos insulation board (AIB)

Wall panels, ceiling tiles, fire-proofing boards

Asbestos cement products

Roofing sheets, wall cladding, gutters, downpipes

Pipe insulation and lagging

Thermal insulation around pipes and boilers

Loose-fill asbestos

Insulation found in lofts and cavity walls

Contaminated materials

PPE, cloths, wipes, rags, and debris contaminated with asbestos fibres

Asbestos floor materials

Vinyl floor tiles, bitumen adhesive

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Types of PPE used when dealing with hazardous materials

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Types of PPE used when dealing with hazardous materials

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Types of PPE used when dealing with hazardous materials

Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)

Dust masks, respirators with appropriate filters

Protects against dusts, fibres, fumes, and vapours

Protective gloves

Chemical-resistant gloves (e.g. nitrile, PVC)

Protects hands from chemicals and skin contact

Eye protection

Safety goggles or face shields

Protects eyes from splashes, dust, and particles

Protective clothing

Overalls, disposable coveralls, chemical-resistant suits

Prevents contamination of skin and clothing

Safety footwear

Protective boots with sealed uppers

Protects feet from spills and contamination

Head protection

Safety helmets (where required)

Protects against impact and contamination

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Types of PPE used when dealing with hazardous materials

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Purpose of risk assessments

Identify hazards present in the workplace

Assess who may be harmed and how

Evaluate the level of risk

Identify control measures to reduce or eliminate risks

Prevent accidents, injuries, and ill health

Comply with health and safety legislation

Purpose of method statements

Explain how work will be carried out safely

Describe the correct sequence of tasks

State the control measures and PPE required

Reduce risk during specific work activities

Ensure workers understand safe working methods

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State the legal requirements of risk assessments and method statements

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State the legal requirements of risk assessments and method statements

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Legal requirements of risk assessments

Risk assessments are a legal requirement under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974

Required by the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations

Employers must assess risks to employees and others who may be affected

Significant findings must be recorded where five or more people are employed

Control measures must be implemented to reduce risks

Risk assessments must be reviewed and updated when work activities or conditions change

Legal requirements of method statements

Not always a legal document on their own, but often required:

By law when work is high risk

By clients, principal contractors, or site rules

Required under CDM Regulations to ensure safe systems of work

Must be based on the risk assessment

Must clearly explain safe working methods and controls

Workers must be informed and trained in the method statement

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State the legal requirements of risk assessments and method statements

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Common causes of work-related fatalities

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Common causes of work-related fatalities

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Common causes of work-related fatalities

Falls from height

From ladders, scaffolds, roofs, and platforms

Struck by moving or falling objects

Falling materials, tools, or moving plant

Contact with moving machinery or vehicles

Site traffic, plant, forklifts, delivery vehicles

Collapse of structures or excavations

Trenches, temporary supports, incomplete structures

Electrocution

Contact with live electrical services or faulty equipment

Common causes of work-related injuries

Slips, trips, and falls (same level)

Poor housekeeping, wet or uneven surfaces

Manual handling injuries

Lifting, carrying, pushing, or pulling materials incorrectly

Cuts, abrasions, and lacerations

Hand tools, power tools, sharp materials

Impact injuries

Being hit by tools, materials, or equipment

Exposure to hazardous substances

Dusts, chemicals, fumes causing ill health or burns

Use of vibrating tools

Hand–arm vibration injuries

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Common causes of work-related fatalities

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Common causes of work-related fatalities

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Common causes of work-related fatalities

Falls from height

From ladders, scaffolds, roofs, and platforms

Being struck by moving or falling objects

Falling materials, tools, or site equipment

Contact with moving vehicles or plant

Site traffic, forklifts, excavators, delivery vehicles

Collapse of structures or excavations

Trenches, unsupported walls, incomplete structures

Electrocution

Contact with live electrical services or faulty equipment

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construction pic  Common causes of work-related fatalities

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Methods of drawing- advantagwes and disadvantages

Rough sketch

-quick

-cheap

-low detail

Hand drawing

-level of detail may vary

-time consuming to produce if highly detailed

-can be more expressive

-more detailed than a rough sketch

Line drawing

-precise

-accurate

-easily edited

-scaled

-usually more detailed and accurate than a hand drawing

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

-precise

-adaptable

-detailed

-easy sharable electronically

-usually complex and expensive to produce

What Information on plans is used for

Calculating material cost/quantities

setting out buildings in the correct positions

identifying materials to be used and their location

positioning and fixing of components

communicating hazards

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2018 data protection act

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Weak passwords can lead to data breaches

Converting information into a safe format

VPN enhance data security

Data breaches

Data backup systems - to restore data from accidents and data breaches

Detecting vulnerabilities

General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) - protects user data

Insures your information remains safe

On a site data protection is used - The tools and machines that are used ( know if they have been checked , who can use them , and if they get stolen) , the people

who are on site ( names) , floor plans of site and buildings , Cyber security .

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative, digital process for creating, managing, and exchanging information across a construction project’s lifecycle

The UK's Data Protection Act (DPA) 2018 was implemented on May 25, 2018

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Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative, technology-driven process for creating and managing digital, intelligent 3D models of physical assets—such as buildings, infrastructure, and utilities—throughout their entire lifecycle, from design and construction to operation. It integrates data from various disciplines to improve efficiency, reduce errors, and facilitate better decision-making.

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Helps hide personal information away from hackers

Keep machinery serial numbers and QR codes

Maps and floor plans are stored so that other people can't look at your project and take it.

BIM Building information management

All accounts have a password to prevent data breaches.

Data protection act 2018

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-understanding threats through hacking

-internal risks can jepordize it must be multi layer security

-limit user accsses

-use multi step verification

-stop bacck ups in off site places and website to protect it

-deploy advanced cyber security to mitigate threats

-GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION

-What is BIM? Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process that encourages collaborative working between all the disciplines involved in design, construction, maintenance and use of buildings

-

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Name Types of Material used for Walls

Name Types of roofs and common Materials

Common roof types include gable, hip, flat, and shed, with materials chosen based on climate, cost, and style. Asphalt shingles are the most affordable and common choice, while metal, tile (clay/concrete), and slate offer higher durability and longer lifespans. Modern options like synthetic, solar, and green roofs are increasing in popularity.

Name the roofing materials

roofing materials vary by durability, cost, and style, with common options including asphalt shingles, metal (steel, aluminum, copper), slate, clay/concrete tiles, and wood shakes. For flat roofs, popular materials are EPDM rubber, PVC, TPO, and bitumen. The choice impacts lifespan, maintenance, and curb appeal, with metal lasting up to 100 years and asphalt being the most common residential choice.

Name the types of services that supply building roles and responsibilities for their servicing and maintenance.

Building maintenance services that define roles and responsibilities for servicing include hard facilities management (HVAC, electrical, plumbing, lifts) and soft services (cleaning, landscaping). These are categorized into proactive strategies—preventive, predictive, and condition-based maintenance—and reactive measures like corrective repair and emergency services.

Name the factors affecting materials use in buildings structures and substructures.

Key factors affecting material use include:

1. Functional & Structural Requirements

Strength and Load-Bearing Capacity: Materials must withstand compression, tension, and shear forces (e.g., steel for tensile strength, concrete for compressive strength).

Durability and Lifespan: Materials must resist weathering, corrosion, and decay to ensure a long service life with minimal maintenance.

Fire Resistance: Structural materials must meet local fire safety standards.

Dimensional Stability: Materials must maintain their shape under load and environmental changes.

2. Economic Factors

Initial Cost vs. Lifecycle Cost: The cheapest material initially may not be the most economical over time due to maintenance or replacement needs.

Labor and Installation Costs: Materials requiring specialized, highly skilled labor may increase overall expenses.

Transportation Cost: The cost of moving materials to the site, particularly heavy, bulky materials, can be significant.

3. Site and Environmental Conditions

Soil Conditions (Substructure): Soil strength, moisture content, and water table levels dictate the type of foundation (e.g., shallow, deep/piled).

Climate: Temperature, humidity, and rainfall levels influence the choice of materials to prevent issues like rot or corrosion.

Seismic/Geological Activity: Regions with high earthquake risk require lightweight, ductile materials (e.g., structural steel).

Flood Vulnerability: Areas prone to flooding necessitate materials with high water resistance.

4. Availability and Logistics

Local Availability: Sourcing materials locally reduces transportation costs, minimizes environmental impact, and streamlines construction schedules.

Storage and Handling: The ease with which materials can be stored on-site affects project planning and risk of damage.

5. Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Environmental Impact: Consideration of carbon footprint, embodied energy, and sustainability (e.g., recycled, renewable materials).

Recyclability: The ability to recycle or repurpose materials at the end of the building's life.

Low VOC/Toxicity: Using non-toxic materials for indoor environmental quality.

6. Regulatory and Design Constraints

Building Codes and Standards: Strict, legally binding requirements that define mandatory material quality and safety specifications.

Aesthetics and Design: The visual appearance (texture, color, flexibility) required by the owner or architect.

Construction Methodology: Compatibility with modern construction techniques (e.g., pre-fabrication, cast-in-place).

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Equality - a situation in which everyone is equal and has the same rights .

Protected characteristics-

. Age

. Disability

. Gender reassignment or gender identity

. Marriage and civil partnership

. Pregnancy and maternity

. Race( including colour , nationality and ethnic or national origin)

. Religion or belief

. Sex

. Sexual orientation

Additional barrier characteristics

. Employment history

. Educational background/attainment

. Socio- economic status

. Criminal record

. Unconscious bias

Considerations when valuing diversity and inclusion

Diversity - refers to including or involving people with a range of different characteristics and having a variety of individuals and points of view presented

Inclusion - refer to providing equal access to opportunities and resources for those who might otherwise be excluded

Positive impacts -

For the individual

. Personal motivation / self- actualisation

. Feelings of value

. Well-being

. Job satisfaction and engagement

For team dynamics

. Effective interpersonal communication

. Positive teamwork

. Time saving

For employers and businesses

. Employee retention

. Meeting legislation requirements

. Staff progression

. Societal reputation

. Staff recruitment

. Increased productivity and performance

. Innovation , creativity and problem solving

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UK Equality Act: October 1st 2010

Human Rights Act: October 2nd 2000

Homophobia, racism, religious, transgender, disability, alternative sub-cultures are all different types of hate crimes

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strip

raft

pile

pad

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substructures are all structures that are below ground level, such as basements, bunkers and foundations. superstructures are all structures above ground level.