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Years of policies that emphasized STEM education.

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Years of policies that emphasized STEM education.

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(Science, Technology, Engineering and Math)

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(Humanities and the Social Sciences)

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The Soviet Union launched the first satellite (Sputnik), sparking the fire that would become the "Space Race."

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A report released by the Reagan administration that said U.S. schools were failing, making the country weak and noncompetitive.

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Pushed schools to teach skills that helped students to get jobs quickly, like computer science or technology.

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Civic agency should be more emphasized in schools.

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Civic agency should be more emphasized in schools.

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Schooling slowly de-emphasizes civic education in favor of STEM and vocational education.

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Economics like Piketty, Goldin and Katz argued that inequality can be solved through the diffusion of skills.

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Inequality will be resolved if everyone has the same scientific and technological capacity.

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Economists, namely Stiglitz, Rodrik, Acemoglu and Robinson, belive that it cannot be solved solely economically.

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"Inequality has been a choice." (Stiglitz)

"They (economic inequalities) are products of policy choices, which are themselves the outcome of politics." (Rodrik)

"It is the institutions...that determine...how the gains from various different economic arrangements are distributed." (Acemoglu & Robinson)

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Danielle Allen (the author)'s vision of what education should be.

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Allows citizens to deliberate, judge, and act, all as a group.

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The methods through which people can govern their own respective worlds, whether it be national or local.

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Voting, writing to elected officials, taking part in the democratic process in an impactful way.

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These are important because they cultivate the knowledge and skills necessary to take part in a democracy.

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Requires, judgement, reasoning, and education, all of which are built by the humanities and social sciences. (Liberal Arts)

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Humanities majors vote and write to elected officials at a higher rate than STEM majors. (92.8% to 83.5%)

High verbal scores on the SAT correlate with higher levels of civic engagement, while high math scores on the SAT do not.

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The liberal arts should be as emphasized, if not more than, vocational and STEM training in schools.

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Yellow = Claim

Red = Problem

Blue = Solution

Green = Evidence

Purple = Conclusion

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Education should not only prepare students with vocational training, but also cultivate civic agency.

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Inequality is politically constructed, and must be deconstructed through civic agency, like voting.

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Inequality is politically constructed, and must be deconstructed through civic agency, like voting.

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Must reintigrate the roles of citizen, activist, and politican to allow the problem of inequality to be solved by the people.

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Must reintigrate the roles of citizen, activist, and politican to allow the problem of inequality to be solved by the people.

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Civic education is a legal and moral right, not just "useless" classes to be set aside.

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Civic education is a legal and moral right, not just "useless" classes to be set aside.