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India
Decolonization led to an independence movement in India, as at the time the nation was ruled over by the British. Mohandas Gandhi was effective in using non-violent protesting to rid British rule from India, allowing India to gain it's independence and split into three new states; Hindu India, Muslim West Pakistan (Pakistan), and Muslim East Pakistan (Bangladesh). India became a parliamentary democracy, and their first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and led India into a western style industrialization and end the caste system discrimination.

Africa - Algeria
Within Algeria, after multiple promises of independence from French rule were broken, the National Liberation Front (NFL) engaged in guerrilla warfare against the French which begins the Algerian War for Independence. After much violence as the war escalated, De Gaulle gave in to pressures and tried to find a solution. He decided on allowing those within Algeria to vote on their independence, which is a use of self-determination. Although many Algerian settlers protested this, the vote in 1961 won in favor of Algeria's independence.

Africa - South Africa
Although South Africa won it's independence from Britain inn 1910, conditions within the country became worse due to white minority rule. Racial segregation (apartheid) worsened after WWII. In response to this, the majority (black people) rallied behind Nelson Mandela to end apartheid, and succeeded.

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Heliotropic
The Scientific Revolution led to the realization that the Sun, rather than the Earth, was the center of our solar system. This directly went against the beliefs of the Church at the time, and was a very controversial topic. Many people at first were hesitant to believe this new discovery, but it lead to many more discoveries and a shift in focus from religion to science.

Evolution
Another discovery that directly went against the ideas of Catholicism and Christianity was the theory of natural selection, which led to the theory of evolution later on. Credited to Charles Darwin, the theory of natural selection was another big discovery that helped the field of biology to grow.

Humanism
Humanism was a belief that allowed the Scientific Revolution to flourish while the Church was being contradicted. Humanism is an outlook which stresses the value ad goodness of human beings, and promoted seeking solely rational ways of solving human problems.

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The Theory of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin is credited for conceiving the theory of natural selection during his 5-year voyage around the globe. He discovered that similar animals had different features made to fit the environment of it's habitat and food source. He most notably observed this phenomenon during his stay at the Galapagos Islands, where he observed the different traits of the finches and turtles native to the islands.

The Influence on Western Society
Darwin's discoveries opened many philosophical and religious debates amongst western society, and he greatly contributed to the ideas of the Scientific Revolution at the time.

The Groundworks of the Theory of Evolution
Darwin's theory of Natural Selection, and his observations of plants and animals throughout his life laid the groundworks for the theory of evolution. His ideas greatly contradicted the beliefs of the Bible, and many religious individuals at the time, causing much controversy.

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Education Opportunities for African-Americans
Mary McLeod Bethune is noted as one of the most important black educators after starting a school for African-American students which later developed into the Bethune-Cookman University. This university was one of the few places that allowed African-Americans to pursue a college  education and degree at the time. This school is also the only Historically Black College and University founded by a woman.

The First Organization for Black Women in the US
She was also respected as a champion for African-American women during her career. She did this by starting up the National Council of Negro Women that represented that worked on issues affecting African-American women, such as racial segregation, education, and economic opportunities. The National Council of Negro Women was one of the first organizations made to correct problems affecting black women in the US.

First Black Female Leader of a Federal Agency
She was also the first black woman to lead a federal agency, the Office of Minority Affairs, which allowed for future black women to become leaders in government in the future. She also worked on committees under 5 US presidents, bettering the quality of life for black Americans in the US.

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Ended Apartheid
Nelson Mandela ended years of racial segregation from past imperialistic rule in South Africa by starting the African National Conference (ANC) and peacefully ending apartheid, a system of segregation based on race that was very prevalent in South Africa, by non-violent protest. He also became the first black president within South Africa, which subsequently ended white minority rule.

Universal Suffrage
Nelson Mandela also secured universal suffrage in South Africa, which allowed black South Africans the right to vote for the first time in South Africa's history.

Raising Educated Population
Even after becoming president, Nelson Mandela continued to rally for change. He donated one third of his annual income ($552,000) during his presidency to the Nelson Mandela's children Fund which helped create scholarship opportunities for children across South Africa.

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Shift In Global Power
The global power shifted from the major roles that Portugal and Spain previously had, to Germany, Italy, Belgium, the US, and Japan. It also shifted the target of colonization from the Americas to Africa, Asia, and Oceania. The new power the US gained was drastic, as it had previously been a cluster of British colonies, and Japan was previously a non-imperialistic and closed off country that began to industrialize and imperialize out of self defense.

Export Economies
Imperialism also led to the creation of export economies which specialized in the extraction of natural resources through colonies, and selling of finished goods to these colonies and other export economies.

Anti-Colonial Movements
Imperialism and nationalism also led to the creation of anti-colonial movements within the indigenous populations of the colonies. Some were in the forms of direct resistance, for example the Ghost Dance used to drive out white colonizers out after the Indian Removal Act. Others were in the forms of creations of new states, for example Serbia and Greece fighting for their independence from the Ottoman Empire.