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Claim:

Strong leaders can be hurtful to their own country without knowing it because making promises, as well as bad decisions, have an effect on others around them, including causing the loss of people's lives along with their trust.

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Allied Nations. “Treaty of Versailles, (June 28, 1919).” 2021 Versailles DBQ. Google. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-aYRmntvky45uVARgHu455o5NlBLMVpGj2hurKWltkg/edit.

Source Type: Document

Excerpt Used:
“Germany will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allied Powers and to their property during the period of the war.”

Who: Adolf Hitler

What:

The Treaty was created after WWI; it caused economic depression in Germany because the treaty was formed around them to stop the growth of communism. This caused a great economic depression to arise in Germany; they felt that they couldn't keep up with everything in the treaty and what they owed to other nations like money, fixing the damage, and land. Germany was overcome with hyperinflation as well from the creation of the treaty; which caused Germans to believe less in democracy and allow Hitler to gain power and cause chaos.

When: June 28, 1919

Where: Germany (Europe)

Why:
This source was chosen because the Treaty of Versailles was the cause of Hitler’s rise to power; the Treaty put impossible demands on Germany, such as paying reparations for all the war damage they caused. The demands sent Germany into an economic depression, causing the German people to feel oppressed; they felt like they were losing everything. This caused Hitler to seek revenge for his country and people. Therefore, he created a dictatorship which formed a path for Hitler to rise to power and gain a strong following. When Hitler came to power he committed terrible crimes; he killed and tortured millions of people, and sent them to concentration camps to be mass murdered. Hitler committed unimaginable acts of hatred towards mankind that left marks on so many people and nations.

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Primary Source Citation #5: “King Leopolds Ghost.” YouTube. YouTube, November 1, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tSi4EZn-Kg.

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Source Type: Video

Excerpt Used:
“To control the population and suppress such rebellions Leopold would raise an army of orphans devoid of loyalty to anything but the state.”

Who: King Leopold II

What:
The Congo had a lot of natural resources but there was a lot of violence involved. King Leopold wanted to increase his control on the Congolese territory in the Congo; he forced treaties and did not translate them. Gaining him land, food, and lots of money. He also put a spin to the media and gave wrong information about himself and how he was ‘helping’ and treating his people well, he wasn’t. To prevent the uprising and rebellions Leopold would send his private army’s, who were made of orphans, to kill whoever got in their way; people were treated like animals.

When: 1865 - 1909

Where: Congo, Africa (Central Africa)

Why:
This source was chosen because the Congo should have been more respected in Africa but King Leopold made it out to be a miserable place by forcing labor, torturing, and killing innocent people. He was a terrible example for his people; he caused people to lose their lives and he lost the trust of many people. He claimed that he would provide Belgium with a country but he actually was selfish and was trying to make money to compete in power against Britain, China, and other nations - he was trying to get as much wealth as possible. Leopold would take advantage of people in the Congo just to get money and economic gain. He was so focused on preventing the uprisings and rebellions against him, that he abused his power and people around him. He claimed he was being nice and helping his people when he was really torturing people and forcing them to work in unsafe circumstances.

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Wilber, Donald. “SECRET.” CIA Document. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rnpYBjjAXiQsFo6-OS38WTfExcu_Cy8J/view.

Source Type: Government Document

Excerpt Used:
“It was not an American interest for Mossadegh government to remain in power and CIA had been so informed by the Secretary of State in March 1953, CIA began drafting a plan whereby the aim stated above could be realized through covert action. An estimate entitled "Factors Involved in the Overthrow of Mossadegh’... On June 1953, the final operational plan, agreed upon by Mr. Roosevelt for CIA…”

Who:
Kermit Roosevelt, chief of the near east in Africa division, CIA (who carried with him the views of the department of state, CIA, and Ambassador Henderson)

What:
Kermit Roosevelt, chief of the near east in Africa division, CIA (who carried with him the views of the department of state, CIA, and Ambassador Henderson) was tasked to go to Iran and overthrow the Mossadegh government. Roosevelt did this by making a very strategic plan. He was able to convince the Shah that Mossadegh was a threat. Therefore he got the Shah to agree to a coup. Roosevelt planned to overthrow Mossadegh by hiring people to create chaos in the streets to intimidate him. This led to Mossadegh fleeing his people and giving up his rule to the Shah.

When: 1953 ; Cold War

Where: Iran (Middle East)

Why:
This source was chosen because Kermit Roosevelt, chief of the near east in Africa division, CIA (who carried with him the views of the department of state, CIA, and Ambassador Henderson), was not a good representative of the United States. He paid people to create chaos and protest in the streets to overthrow Mossadegh, so then the US could help Iran build a strong government and in return get oil. Mossadegh fleeing is different from Arbenz; Arbenz fled and left his people when the US was attacking Guatemala when he could have stayed and helped, but Mossadegh’s people were turning against him and protesting. Therefore he had no choice but to flee because his own people were attacking him; where the US was attacking Guatemala. Roosevelt's plan and actions that he took to overthrow Mossadegh hurt the people around him because it caused the people he paid to cause protests and chaos in the streets to hurt each other; he bribed and paid criminals to injure innocent people.

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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Seuss, Dr. “What Have You Done Today to Help Save Your Country from Them?” UC San Diego Library Home Page. Accessed June 13, 2022. https://library.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dswenttowar/#ark:bb12977599.

Source Type: Political Cartoons

Who: Perspective from Dr. Suess

What:
This is a billboard poster that Dr. Seuss drew. There is a man looking at the billboard poster to encourage that man to join the war and fight against terrible people like Hitler and Hideki Tojo (a military leader in Japan).

When: March 5, 1942 ; around the time Pearl Harbor was bombed

Where: United States (North America)

Why:
This source was chosen because these leaders had such a strong effect on other nations and countries that there were billboards made of them in countries and nations, like the United States, to spread the word that these leaders needed to be taken down. Dr. Suess made political cartoons, and above is a cartoon of Adolf Hitler and Hideki Tojo. These leaders did terrible things. Dr. Suess made cartoons to show the actions that these terrible leaders took affected so many people around them therefore other people in other countries made stamps, billboards, posters, and commercials; he wanted to spread the word that Hitler, Hideki Tojo, and other leaders, needed to be overthrown because they were causing terrible things to happen. There were people like Dr. Suess who had huge opinions on these leaders and the actions they took that killed so many innocent people.

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Árbenz, Jacobo. “Árbenz Speech.” Arbenz Resignation Speech. CIA. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1L0BUuLB_LyA_KsFhQ4klfI6V6-0Dj-iq/view.

Source Type:  President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala goodbye Letter / Speech to his people

Excerpt Used:
“I am thinking only of the people. I think it is my duty to contribute to save what we have gained…I say goodbye with sorrow, but firm in my convictions.”

Who: President Jacobo Árbenz of Guatemala

What:
The US along with the United Fruit Company were trying to take over Guatemala's production of bananas, their land, and replace Guatemala's leader who at the time was Arbenz. The US decided to spread the idea that Guatemala's leader was communist. Since they accuse Guatemala of being communist they were able to attack Guatemala for communist reasons. However it wasn't for communist reasons it was for Guatemala's resources and land. When the US sent the CIA to attack Guatemala, the Guatemalan people had nowhere to go. This was because the US and the United Fruit Company already had control over telephone systems and transportation. Therefore no one could leave, especially Arbenz. When Guatemala was gonna attack Arbenz ran to the US government for help however he didn't realize that the US was in on the attacks. Therefore Arbenz, the leader of Guatemala, fled.

When: 1954 ; during Cold War

Where: Guatemala (Central America)

Why:
This source was chosen because President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala fled his country to save himself from the US. Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas helped the US and the UFCO attack Guatemala, causing Arbenz to flee. When Arbenz was attacked by the US he fled immediately; he made a letter and a speech to his people saying goodbye and he gave up his power. He said he cared for his people, however, he fled; instead of staying and trying to fight back more, after he asked the US for help, he decided to flee and disappear instead of staying to try and save his people and die for his country. Staying and dying for his country would have been better for Guatemala because the Guatemalan people would have felt more safe and had more trust, instead of feeling stranded in Guatemala with no leader or power. Arbenz had the power to fight back, however his army forces were not strong enough, he decided to give his rule up to Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas. Arbenz hurt his own people and his country because his country ended up giving a lot of their resources, land, and power to the US and the UFCO. Arbenz fleeing caused the Guatemalan people to lose a lot of trust.

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC. “Making A Leader.” United States holocaust memorial museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accessed June 10, 2022. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/making-a-leader?series=4.

Source Type: Photograph of a poster

Who: Adolf Hitler

What:
Hitler was a cruel man, he saw everything through a Social Darwinist vision. After Germany lost World War I their economy weakened and people were protesting all over. Hitler became obsessed with the loss of the war. He spoke out to smaller groups and then bigger groups. He promised Germany an end to the Great Depression and to bring power back to his nation. But in order to do this he hated the Jewish people. He made it look like Jewish people were bringing down Germany therefore he promised to get rid of Jewish people in order to restore Germany. Germany had lost everything in the great depression so Hitler took advantage of this and came to power. Hitler the time was not seen as a threat to anyone, he was seen as someone who could restore law and order. The president at the time ended up dying so Hitler took over and he did some pretty terrible things.

When: 1930’s ; Great Depression

Where: Germany (Europe)

Why:
This source was chosen because it is a photograph of a leader that did horrendous things; Hitler made people believe that he was a great leader and that he was going to change Germany's economy and end the Great Depression. However he lied and he did not do that whatsoever; instead he focused on his own goals. The actions he took to try and achieve these goals ended up killing millions of innocent people. Hitler had not only hurt his own country, but other countries and killed so many people. People were still suffering and unemployed but Hitler did not care, instead he wanted to accomplish his goals; he wanted all Jewish people gone. He lost a lot of trust in his own people by not following through with his promises and people from other nations, causing him to lose a lot of power because people were fighting back at him.