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The brain is a complicated organ that manages every bodily function as well as thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, respiration, temperature, and hunger. The central nervous system, or CNS, is made up of the spinal cord that emerges from the brain.

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The forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain are the three major components of the brain's structure, each of which has a number of elements.

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The cerebrum, sometimes referred to as the cerebral cortex, is the biggest component of the human brain and is connected to higher-order mental processes including reasoning and action. The grey surface, slightly thicker than our thumb, is made of nerve cells. Signals are transferred between nerve cells in different regions of the brain and body by white nerve fibres that are below the skin. The neocortex, a six-layered structure present in animals, has a wrinkled surface that enhances its surface area.

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In this episode the four lobes of the brain are explained briefly so that you can have a basic working understanding of where they are located and the main functions of each. Find out more: Learn the Four Lobes of the Brain - Exploring Psychology Season 1: Episode 5. Subscribe Today!

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The temporal lobe, which is situated close to our ears, is involved in processing tasks including understanding spoken language, verbal memory, visual memory, language generation, general knowledge, and autobiographical memories. It also processes our perception and recognition of auditory events.

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Our ability to reason, organize, plan, speak, move, make facial expressions, serial task, solve problems, control inhibition, be spontaneous, initiate and self-regulate behaviors, pay attention, remember, and control emotions is all related to the frontal lobe, which is located just below our forehead.

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The occipital lobe, which is found in the rear of the brain, is involved in processing visual information such as visual attention, visual recognition, spatial analysis, and visual perception of body language, including postures, expressions, and gestures.

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Our complex behaviors are governed by the parietal lobe, which is found in the upper back of the brain and regulates senses including vision, touch, body awareness, and spatial orientation. It is crucial for the integration of sensory data from multiple body areas, for understanding relationships between numbers, and for manipulating objects.

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The midbrain is situated close to the centre of the brain, above the hindbrain and under the cerebral cortex. The tectum, tegmentum, cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncles, as well as a number of nuclei and fasciculi, make up this structure. Our visual and auditory systems use the midbrain as a sort of relay station, which is its main function.

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Thalamus: transmits sensory data to the cerebral cortex from other regions of the brain.
Hypothalamus: modulates a number of pituitary gland activities, endocrine activity, and somatic functions.
Amygdala: includes a large number of opiate receptor sites that are associated with fury, fear, and sexual sensations and plays a part in memories that are emotionally charged.
Hippocampus: memory formation, planning, and information storage.
Pituitary Gland: produces a variety of hormones that have an impact on the reproductive system, sexual development, growth, and metabolism.

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The Hindbrain, Its Structures And Its Functions

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[Psychology] The Nervous System #04: The Hindbrain, Its Structures And Its Functions

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The hindbrain consists of the cerebellum, brain stem, pons and medulla.