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Definition of constructivism: It is a theory that is based on observation and scientific study and it is about how people learn.

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We construct our own understanding and knowledge of the world by experiencing things and by reflecting upon those experiences.

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In order to learn we follow this process of asking questions, exploring, and then assessing what we know.

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Constructivist way of learning: students use active techniques such as experiments and real-world problem solving. This allows students to create knowledge and then reflect upon their learning. The teacher builds on students prior knowledge and is more a facilitator/guide of the learning.

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One of the main roles of the teacher in the classroom is to encourage learning and to have students continuously reflect on their learning.

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Teachers are assisting students construct knowledge instead of gathering facts and reproducing knowledge.

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Constructivism teaching does not mean that the teacher is not the expert in their field, rather it means that the teacher has a modified role in guiding students in acquiring the knowledge.

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The teacher is giving students powerful tools in their learning, such as problem-solving and inquiry-based activities in order to gain the knowledge and to learn. Within these types of learning students are able to formulate and test ideas, draw conclusions, and work within a collaborative learning setting.

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Constructivism learning allows students to be active learners (independent learners), rather than passive learners (dependent learners).

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Instead of students gathering information from a textbook, students are able to use their prior knowledge and apply what they know using real-world applications and real-world experiences.

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This type of learning is seen as flipped model of learning where the teacher is no longer the leader of the learning and the students are actively involved in their own process of learning.

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The teacher is viewed as a facilitator of learning, and is also seen as a coach who prompts students in their learning. One of the biggest goals of the teacher in the classroom is to ask good questions.

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Knowledge is not seen as facts to be memorized, but as information that is constantly changing and evolving.

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Materials in a constructivist classroom contain primary sources and different manipulatives for students to engage with while learning.

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Teachers have dialogue and discussion with students throughout the learning rather than students sitting at their desks and simply listening to information being presented to them.

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Student assessment shifts from tests to student works, observations of students, as well as tests.

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Students work together in collaborative groups and partners, rather than in isolation/independent.