# data[].attributes.body
https://towson.libguides.com/oer/why-oer

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
While OER are more than just open textbooks, faculty who choose to use OER in place of a commercial textbook can save students significant expense. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that from 2006 to 2016, the cost of textbooks increased 88%. Towson University estimates that full-time undergraduates will spend $1060 on textbooks during the 2017-2018 school year.

A survey released in 2014 by Maryland PIRG and the Student Government Association at the University of Maryland showed that 65% of students had opted out of buying a required college textbook due to its high price. Nearly half of the survey respondents also said the cost of textbooks impacted how many and which classes they took each semester. The increasingly high cost of textbooks has also been recognized by the Maryland General Assembly, which passed the College Textbook Competition and Affordability Act of 2009 and the Textbook Cost Savings Act of 2017.

The Maryland Open Source Textbook (M.O.S.T.) initiative, led by the University System of Maryland's William E. Kirwan Center for Academic Innovation, supports the use of OER in place of textbooks by offering mini-grants to system faculty who plan to adopt OER. For more information on these grants, visit http://www.usmd.edu/cai/open-educational-resources.

Efforts undertaken in Maryland and other states to use OER to solve textbook affordability issues are described in the OER State Policy Playbook. Legislation supporting OER has also been introduced in the U.S. Congress.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Research Guides: Open Educational Resources (OER): Why Should I Use OER?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
While OER are more than just open textbooks, faculty who choose to use OER in place of a commercial textbook can save students significant expense. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that from 2006 to 2016, the cost of textbooks increased 88%. Towson University estimates that full-time undergraduates will spend $1060 on textbooks during the 2017-2018 school year.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.readingrockets.org/article/universal-design-learning-udl-what-you-need-know

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Universal Design for Learning (UDL): What You Need to Know

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a way of thinking about teaching and learning that helps give all students an equal opportunity to succeed. This approach offers flexibility in the ways students access material, engage with it and show what they know.

# data[].attributes.body
We learned that Universal design for learning (UDL) is a teaching approach that works to accommodate the needs and abilities of all learners and eliminates unnecessary hurdles in the learning process and Open educational resources (OER) are materials for teaching or learning that are either in the public domain or have been released under a license that allows them to be freely used through no-cost access, re-use, re-purpose, adaptation and redistributed by others.
UDL can be applied to my future career as an Educator by allowing me to promote flexibility in my students academic learning environment. OER can be applied to my future career as an Educator by allowing my students free and available public resources that further assist their needs that my existing curriculum resources didn’t/don’t address.

# data[].attributes.body
Re-use: The most basic level of openness. People are allowed to use all or part of the work for their own purposes (for example, download an educational video to watch at a later time);

Re-distribute: People can share the work with others (for example, send a digital article by-email to a colleague);

Revise: People can adapt, modify, translate, or change the work (for example, take a book written in English and turn it into a Spanish audio book);

Re-mix: People can take two or more existing resources and combine them to create a new resource (for example, take audio lectures from one course and combine them with slides from another course to create a new derivative work);

Retain: No digital rights management restrictions (DRM); the content is yours to keep, whether you’re the author, an instructor using the material, or a student.

# data[].attributes.headline
Classroom uses through the implementation of OER 

# data[].attributes.subject
Classroom uses through the implementation of OER 

# data[].attributes.body
Implement opened end resources through 4 resources (mock examples seen below) .

Apply consideration in identifying students and subject areas that have learning needs that your existing curriculum resources don't address.

Completed Course:
Bridge to Success
Materials, mostly study skills, to support students transitioning to college.
EdX
Library of college-level courses from a variety of high-profile universities. Some course materials are freely licensed for reuse.

Multimedia:
TED
Inspiring thinkers on a range of subjects present big ideas and lectures on a regular basis- completely CC licensed.
Khan Academy
Hundreds of short educational videos covering many subjects; especially strong collections in science and math.

Images & Artwork:
Openverse Search
Openverse (formerly titled Creative Commons) has created this really useful search engine that lets you search for resources that are CC licensed. The image search is the most useful.

Unsplash

Overe 1 million photos that can be freely downloaded and used for either commercial and non-commercial purposes, no permission needed

Open Access Books:
OpenStax College
Rice Connexions is providing peer reviewed, quality open textbooks with interactive components. There are some amazing textbooks available here, with more in production.

Project Gutenberg

Find the full text of classics and public domain works

# data[].attributes.headline
Classroom uses through the implementation of Universal Design of Learning 

# data[].attributes.subject
Classroom uses through the implementation of Universal Design of Learning 

# data[].attributes.body
UDL promotes flexibility in their students academic learning environment. In a UDL classroom, there are flexible work spaces for students to complete their tasks such as quiet individual work, small and large group work, and group instruction. UDL provides students with multiple options to show their learning. Classroom application of UDL provides students with multiple options and I will provide multiple options and ways for students to submit assignments as long as the lesson goals are met  :

I will allow students to be able to create a podcast or a video to show what they know and understood, and or even allowing them to draw a comic strips to details their understanding.

I will Provide students with regular and constant feedback that reflects how students are simply doing, allow them to reflect on choices they made, individually speak to students about their needs, and allowing them self reflection time, and then teacher/student collaboration to help them meet their educational needs and goals.

# data[].attributes.body
Open educational resources are materials for teaching or learning that are either in the public domain or have been released under a license that allows them to be freely used through no-cost access, re-use, re-purpose, adaptation and redistributed by others.

Open educational resources cover a wide range of online formats, including online textbooks, video recorded lectures, YouTube clips, web-based textual materials designed for independent study, animations and simulations, digital diagrams and graphics, some MOOCs, or even assessment materials such as tests with automated answers. OER can also include Powerpoint slides or pdf files of lecture notes. In order to be open educational resources, though, they must be freely available for at least educational use.

# data[].attributes.headline
Principles of Universal Design of Learning

# data[].attributes.subject
Principles of Universal Design of Learning

# data[].attributes.body
Universal Design of Learning is broken down, formatted, and represented by 3 main principles and that is:

Representation: UDL recommends offering information in more than one general format.

Action and expression: UDL suggests allowing kids more than one way to interact with the presented material and to show them what they've learned.

Engagement: UDL encourages teachers to look for multiple ways to motivate students.

# data[].attributes.body
Aims to remove any possible barriers in learning to ensure that all students have an equal opportunity to succeed in life beyond education in the classroom as UDL acknowledges diversity as integral to success.

UDL provides equity for pupils pertaining to minority groups and the in the low income sector. ULD provides an abundance of methods to present lessons to students. As we know each and every student learns differently and there has been an increase of awareness of learning disorders/disabilities , and mental disorders that can disrupt a pupils learning progress academically. UDL aids teachers in creating co collaborative lessons that adapts to their students educational needs giving teachers and students an equal and common ground   .