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It is suggested by Trait theorists such as Eysenck and Cattell that an individual has core personality characteristics which are the same in different situations. The reason for this is that they are born with their characteristics and the stay the same for the rest of their lives. For example a footballer who is aggressive on the pitch will be aggressive off the pitch.

Another example could be: - A snooker player, who is very calm and controlled during a game, would also show they are calm and controlled when they are stuck in a traffic jam for an hour.

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This approach suggests that the way in which people behave will depend on the situation that they are in and the environmental stimulus which surrounds them. This goes against the trait approach and identifies that personality is not stable, but is built out of experiences in the social world.

Example:

A quiet and shy rugby player on the pitch would be loud and aggressive on the pitch.

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This approach combines the trait and situational approach. It suggests that behaviour is based on the characteristics that we inherit and adapt them to the situation we are in.

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Marten's views personality as having three layers that a person must process to find their personality.

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The first level, Psychological Core, is a person’s stable and recurring behaviour which is the part that contains your “beliefs, values, attitudes and interests”. It incorporates the essence of the interactional view. An example would be an aggressive rugby player maybe be funny and cheerful when he’s with his friends and family.

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The second level, Typical Responses, is generally seen as the basis of a person’s psychological core. What this means is that the person responds according what is happening around him. For example, an athlete become enraged after receiving a foul while they are generally shy and calm.

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The third level, Role Related Behaviour, is the behaviour determined by the circumstances the athletes find their selves in. This means that their personality changes as their views of your environment or situation changes. For example, a basketball player may feel confident in playing for his club but his behaviour changes when he was chosen to play for his national team and play against international teams.