# data[].attributes.headline
1749- Social Studies education gains visible support. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson endorse the study of history, geography, and government, believing that education should be more secular and practical, as a means to a more enlightened citizenry (Cogan, 1976). 

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1749- Social Studies education gains visible support. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson endorse the study of history, geography, and government, believing that education should be more secular and practical, as a means to a more enlightened citizenry (Cogan, 1976). 

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1850's- Horace Mann, the "Father of American Public Education," championed free, universal public education as the means for socializing the waves of immigrants coming to America, He saw history, civics, and geography as important tools (Cogan, 1976). 

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1850's- Horace Mann, the "Father of American Public Education," championed free, universal public education as the means for socializing the waves of immigrants coming to America, He saw history, civics, and geography as important tools (Cogan, 1976). 

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1899- A history-centered program introduced by the Committee of Seven, calling for formal studies in ancient, medieval, modern and American histories as gateways toward effective citizenship (Saxe, 2004). 

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1899- A history-centered program introduced by the Committee of Seven, calling for formal studies in ancient, medieval, modern and American histories as gateways toward effective citizenship (Saxe, 2004). 

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1905- Push for the need of "Americanization" on children. Historian John Bach McMaster declares that in the “process of Americanizing the foreigner [and all other children] we must fill their minds with the facts of American history which they may not understand, but which they must take as so much medicine” (Saxe, 2004). 

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1905- Push for the need of "Americanization" on children. Historian John Bach McMaster declares that in the “process of Americanizing the foreigner [and all other children] we must fill their minds with the facts of American history which they may not understand, but which they must take as so much medicine” (Saxe, 2004). 

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1907- Jane Addams, an immigrant reform worker, takes a softer, progressive stance on educating children, insisting “the usual effort to found a new patriotism upon American history is often an absurd undertaking” (Saxe, 2004). 

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1907- Jane Addams, an immigrant reform worker, takes a softer, progressive stance on educating children, insisting “the usual effort to found a new patriotism upon American history is often an absurd undertaking” (Saxe, 2004). 

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1908-1942- Segregated schools in Walnut Grove continued until 1942, when all Japanese Americans in California were interned, leaving Filipino and Chinese students in the "Oriental School." Financial considerations were apparently the deciding factor in desegregating the schools in 1943.

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1908-1942- Segregated schools in Walnut Grove continued until 1942, when all Japanese Americans in California were interned, leaving Filipino and Chinese students in the "Oriental School." Financial considerations were apparently the deciding factor in desegregating the schools in 1943.

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http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views4h16.htm

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1909- In Isleton, a decision was made to segregate Asian children after the Christmas holiday. All Asian names disappeared from rosters of the previously integrated classrooms in January 1910, and segregated class lists appeared. 

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1909- In Isleton, a decision was made to segregate Asian children after the Christmas holiday. All Asian names disappeared from rosters of the previously integrated classrooms in January 1910, and segregated class lists appeared. 

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views4h16.htm

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1913-1916- National Education Association’s Committee on the Social Studies: With U.S. government backing, social studies is introduced to American schools (Saxe, 2004). 

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1913-1916- National Education Association’s Committee on the Social Studies: With U.S. government backing, social studies is introduced to American schools (Saxe, 2004). 

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1916- Social Studies first “official definition” issued as "The social studies are understood to be those whose subject matter relate to the organization and development of human society, and to man as a member of social groups" (Saxe, 2004). 

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1916- Social Studies first “official definition” issued as "The social studies are understood to be those whose subject matter relate to the organization and development of human society, and to man as a member of social groups" (Saxe, 2004). 

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1921- In August 1921, the California legislature amended the School Law of California so that "The governing body of a school district shall have power to exclude children of filthy or vicious habits, or children suffering from contagious or infectious diseases, and also to establish separate schools for Indian children and for children of Chinese, Japanese or Mongolian parentage. When such schools are established, Indian children or children of Chinese, Japanese or Mongolian parentage must not be admitted into any other school." 

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1921- In August 1921, the California legislature amended the School Law of California so that "The governing body of a school district shall have power to exclude children of filthy or vicious habits, or children suffering from contagious or infectious diseases, and also to establish separate schools for Indian children and for children of Chinese, Japanese or Mongolian parentage. When such schools are established, Indian children or children of Chinese, Japanese or Mongolian parentage must not be admitted into any other school." 

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1921-  Florin East School became the "Oriental School." Asian children in Florin attended separate schools until 1939, when the local Japanese American Citizens League persuaded the school board to terminate its segregationist policy.

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1921-  Florin East School became the "Oriental School." Asian children in Florin attended separate schools until 1939, when the local Japanese American Citizens League persuaded the school board to terminate its segregationist policy.

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views4h16.htm

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1921- National Council for the Social Studies founded by Harold and Earl Rugg, Edgar Dawson (Saxe, 2004). 

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1921- National Council for the Social Studies founded by Harold and Earl Rugg, Edgar Dawson (Saxe, 2004). 

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1922-1930's- Two states lead the way: New Jersey (1917) by recommending a course of study and Pennsylvania (1921) by instituting a state level office in social studies. Indicating the acceptance of social studies in state policy, state agencies and local school districts institute social studies programs as the official/authorized curriculum (Saxe, 2004). 

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1922-1930's- Two states lead the way: New Jersey (1917) by recommending a course of study and Pennsylvania (1921) by instituting a state level office in social studies. Indicating the acceptance of social studies in state policy, state agencies and local school districts institute social studies programs as the official/authorized curriculum (Saxe, 2004). 

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1926-1932- Social studies is legitimized by the American Historical Society, which accepts it as a school subject; AHA co-sponsors the Commission on Social Studies, which advances social studies as the main curricular vehicle for citizenship education (Saxe, 2004). 

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1926-1932- Social studies is legitimized by the American Historical Society, which accepts it as a school subject; AHA co-sponsors the Commission on Social Studies, which advances social studies as the main curricular vehicle for citizenship education (Saxe, 2004). 

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1935- Almost all high school history courses are dominated by textbooks reflecting the intentions of the Committee of Seven (Saxe, 2004). 

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1935- Almost all high school history courses are dominated by textbooks reflecting the intentions of the Committee of Seven (Saxe, 2004). 

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1947- The California legislature repealed the amendment that provided for separate schools for Chinese, Indians, and Japanese. After the World War II internment, a Japanese family challenged the constitutionality of California's separate school provision. The Los Angeles County Superior Court concurred that segregation on the basis of race or ancestry violated the Fourteenth Amendment.

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1947- The California legislature repealed the amendment that provided for separate schools for Chinese, Indians, and Japanese. After the World War II internment, a Japanese family challenged the constitutionality of California's separate school provision. The Los Angeles County Superior Court concurred that segregation on the basis of race or ancestry violated the Fourteenth Amendment.

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views4h16.htm

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1954- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The Supreme Court unanimously agrees that segregated schools are “inherently unequal” and must be abolished. 

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1954- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The Supreme Court unanimously agrees that segregated schools are “inherently unequal” and must be abolished. 

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1972- Title IX of the education amendments of 1972 is enacted into law. Title IX prohibits federally funded educational institutions from discriminating against students or employees based on sex.

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1972- Title IX of the education amendments of 1972 is enacted into law. Title IX prohibits federally funded educational institutions from discriminating against students or employees based on sex.

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1983- A Nation at Risk is published by members of the National Commission on Excellence in Education, which specifically called for “improved teaching and learning” in history, geography and economics. Curricula in the eclectic nature of social studies are judged as ineffective. (Saxe, 2004). 

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1983- A Nation at Risk is published by members of the National Commission on Excellence in Education, which specifically called for “improved teaching and learning” in history, geography and economics. Curricula in the eclectic nature of social studies are judged as ineffective. (Saxe, 2004). 

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1989- Education summit at Charlottesville, where President George H. W. Bush and the Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton led the fight to establish what would later become “Goals 2000: Educate America Act” of 1994. This ambitious legislation included the hopeful assertion that “All children will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter including English, mathematics, science, foreign language, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography” (Saxe, 2004).

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1989- Education summit at Charlottesville, where President George H. W. Bush and the Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton led the fight to establish what would later become “Goals 2000: Educate America Act” of 1994. This ambitious legislation included the hopeful assertion that “All children will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter including English, mathematics, science, foreign language, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography” (Saxe, 2004).

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1990s- The standards movement takes hold and shifts how social studies curriculum is taught in school districts. "The ideal of standards-based curricula required core content that spelled out what should be taught and learned—what every child should know and be able to do. This turn of public policy was better suited for content- centered programs with specific and detailed standards" (Saxe, 2004).

# data[].attributes.subject
1990s- The standards movement takes hold and shifts how social studies curriculum is taught in school districts. "The ideal of standards-based curricula required core content that spelled out what should be taught and learned—what every child should know and be able to do. This turn of public policy was better suited for content- centered programs with specific and detailed standards" (Saxe, 2004).

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2001- NCLB- The No Child Left Behind Act, which passed Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2001 and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002.  

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2001- NCLB- The No Child Left Behind Act, which passed Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2001 and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002.  