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Asset Allocation An Abney Associates Ameriprise Financial Advisor

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Asset Allocation An Abney Associates Ameriprise Financial Advisor

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Aktivallokering er en fælles strategi, som du kan bruge til at konstruere en investeringsportefølje. Aktivallokering handler ikke om picking individuelle værdipapirer. I stedet fokuserer du på brede kategorier af investeringer, blande dem sammen i det rette forhold til at matche dine økonomiske mål, mængden af tid, du har til at investere, og din tolerance for risiko.

GRUNDLÆGGENDE I ASSET ALLOCATION

Ideen bag aktivallokering er, fordi ikke alle investeringer er ens, kan du afbalancere risiko og afkast i din portefølje ved at sprede din investering dollars blandt forskellige typer af aktiver som aktier, obligationer og kontanter alternativer. Det gør ikke garantere en fortjeneste eller sikre mod tab, naturligvis, men det kan hjælpe dig med at administrere niveau og type af risiko, du står over for.

Forskellige typer af aktiver bærer forskellige niveauer af risiko og potentialet for afkast, og typisk reagerer ikke til markedskræfterne på samme måde på samme tid. For eksempel, når afkastet af et aktiv type er faldende, kan tilbagesendelse af en anden være voksende (selvom der er ingen garantier). Hvis du sprede ved at eje en bred vifte af aktiver, vil ikke en afmatning i en enkelt bedrift nødvendigvis betyde en katastrofe for din hele porteføljen.

Bruger aktivallokering, du identificerer de aktivklasser, der er relevante for dig og procentdel af din investering dollars, der skal allokeres til hver klasse (fx 70 procent til bestande, 20 procent til obligationer, 10 procent til kontant alternativer).

DE TRE STORE KLASSER AF AKTIVER

Her er et kig på de tre store klasser af aktiver du vil generelt overveje, når du bruger aktivallokering.

Aktier: Selv om tidligere resultater er ingen garanti for fremtidige resultater, aktier har historisk givet en højere gennemsnitlige årlige forrentning af end andre investeringer, herunder obligationer og kontanter alternativer. Bestandene er dog generelt mere volatile end obligationer eller kontant alternativer. Investering i aktier kan være hensigtsmæssigt, hvis din investering mål er langsigtede.

Obligationer: Historisk mindre volatile end bestande, obligationer giver ikke så meget mulighed for vækst som bestande gør. De er følsomme over for renteændringer; Når renten stiger, bond værdier tendens til at falde, og når renten falder, bond værdier har tendens til at stige. Fordi obligationer tilbyder faste rentebetalinger med regelmæssige mellemrum, kan de være hensigtsmæssigt, hvis du ønsker løbende indkomst fra dine investeringer.

Kontant alternativer: kontant alternativer (eller kortsigtede instrumenter) tilbyder et lavere potentiale for vækst end andre typer af aktiver, men er det mindst flygtige. De er omfattet af inflationen risiko, risikoen for, at returnerer overhale ikke stigende priser. De giver lettere adgang til midler end langsigtede investeringer, og kan være hensigtsmæssigt for investeringer mål, der er kortvarige.

Ikke kun kan du sprede over aktivklasser ved at købe aktier, obligationer og kontanter alternativer, kan du også sprede inden for en enkelt aktivklasse. For eksempel, når de investerer i aktier, kan du investere i store virksomheder, der har tendens til at være mindre risikabelt end små virksomheder. Eller du kunne vælge at opdele din investering dollars efter investering stil, investere for vækst eller værdi. Selvom investeringen mulighederne er ubegrænsede, dit mål er altid den samme: at sprede ved at vælge supplerende investeringer, at balancen mellem risiko og belønning i din portefølje.

BESLUTTE, HVORDAN AT OPDELE DINE AKTIVER

Dit mål i ved hjælp af aktivallokering er at konstruere en portefølje, der kan give dig med dit investeringsafkast, du ønsker uden at udsætte dig for større risiko end du føler dig tryg med. Hvor lang tid du har til at investere er vigtigt, fordi jo længere du nødt til at investere, jo mere tid du nødt til at ride ud markedet op-og nedture.

Når du forsøger at opbygge en portefølje, kan du bruge regneark eller interaktive værktøjer, der hjælper med at identificere din investeringsmål, din risiko toleranceniveau og din investering tidshorisont. Disse værktøjer kan også foreslå model eller prøve tildelinger, at finde en balance mellem risiko og afkast, der er baseret på oplysninger, du giver.

For eksempel, hvis din investering mål er at spare op til din pension i de næste 20 år, og du kan tåle en relativt høj grad af markedsvolatilitet kan en allokering foreslå at du lægger en stor procentdel af din investering dollars i aktier, og afsætte en mindre procentdel til obligationer og kontanter alternativer. Naturligvis er modeller beregnet til at tjene kun som generelle retningslinjer; bestemmelse af den rigtige tildeling til din individuelle situation kan kræve mere sofistikeret analyse.

OPBYGGE DIN PORTEFØLJE

Det næste skridt er at vælge specifikke investeringer til din portefølje, der passer til din aktivallokering strategi. Investorer, der investerer gennem en arbejdsplads pensionering besparelser planlægger typisk investere gennem gensidige fonde; en diversificeret portefølje af individuelle værdipapirer er nemmere at samle i en separat konto.

Investeringsforeninger tilbyder instant diversificering inden for en aktivklasse, og i mange tilfælde, fordelene ved professionel penge forvaltning. Investeringer i hver fond er udvalgt efter et specifikt mål, hvilket gør det nemmere at identificere en fond eller en gruppe af midler, der opfylder dine behov. For eksempel, nogle af de almindelige udtryk, du vil se bruges til at beskrive fondens målsætninger er kapital præservering, indkomst (eller nuværende indkomst), indkomst og vækst (eller afbalanceret), vækst og aggressive vækst. Som med enhver investering i en investeringsforening, bør du overveje din tidsramme, risiko for tolerance, og investere mål.

Bemærk: før du investerer i en investeringsforening, nøje overveje sine investeringsmål, risici, gebyrer og udgifter, som kan findes i det prospekt, der er tilgængelige fra fonden. Læs prospektet grundigt før du investerer.

VÆRE OPMÆR KSOM PÅ DIN PORTEFØLJE

Når du har valgt din oprindelige tildeling, gense din portefølje mindst en gang om året (eller flere ofte hvis markederne oplever større kortvarige udsving). En af grundene til at gøre dette er at afbalancere din portefølje. På grund af udsving på markedet, kan din portefølje ikke længere afspejler den oprindelige tildeling balance du har valgt. For eksempel, hvis aktiemarkedet har klarer sig godt, vil til sidst du ende med en højere procentdel af din investering dollars i aktier end du oprindeligt planlagt. For at genoprette balancen, kan du flytte midler fra én aktivklasse til en anden.

I nogle tilfælde kan du genoverveje din hele strategi. Hvis du ikke er fortrolig med den samme grad af risiko, dine økonomiske mål har ændret, eller du får tæt på tidspunktet Hvornår du skal bruge pengene, skal du muligvis ændre din aktiv mix.

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Ameriprise Financial Abney Associates
Team: Choosing a beneficiary for your IRA or 401(k)

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Ameriprise Financial Abney Associates
Team: Choosing a beneficiary for your IRA or 401(k)

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Selecting beneficiaries for retirement benefits is different from choosing beneficiaries for other assets such as life insurance. With retirement benefits, you need to know the impact of income tax and estate tax laws in order to select the right beneficiaries. Although taxes shouldn't be the sole determining factor in naming your beneficiaries, ignoring the impact of taxes could lead you to make an incorrect choice.

In addition, Ameriprise Financial Abney Associates Team if you're married, beneficiary designations may affect the size of minimum required distributions to you from your IRAs and retirement plans while you're alive.

PAYING INCOME TAX ON MOST RETIREMENT DISTRIBUTIONS

Most inherited assets such as bank accounts, stocks, and real estate pass to your beneficiaries without income tax being due. However, that's not usually the case with 401(k) plans and IRAs.

Beneficiaries pay ordinary income tax on distributions from 401(k) plans and traditional IRAs. With Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k)s, however, your beneficiaries can receive the benefits free from income tax if all of the tax requirements are met. That means you need to consider the impact of income taxes when designating beneficiaries for your 401(k) and IRA assets. Abney Associates Team A financial advisory practice of Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.

For example, if one of your children inherits $100,000 cash from you and another child receives your 401(k) account worth $100,000, they aren't receiving the same amount. The reason is that all distributions from the 401(k) plan will be subject to income tax at ordinary income tax rates, while the cash isn't subject to income tax when it passes to your child upon your death.

Similarly, if one of your children inherits your taxable traditional IRA and another child receives your income-tax-free Roth IRA, the bottom line is different for each of them.

NAMING OR CHANGING BENEFICIARIES

When you open up an IRA or begin participating in a 401(k), you are given a form to complete in order to name your beneficiaries. Changes are made in the same way--you complete a new beneficiary designation form. Financial Advisory Abney Associates A will or trust does not override your beneficiary designation form. However, spouses may have special rights under federal or state law.

It's a good idea to review your beneficiary designation form at least every two to three years. Also, be sure to update your form to reflect changes in financial circumstances. Beneficiary designations are important estate planning documents. Seek legal advice as needed.

DESIGNATING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BENEFICIARIES

When it comes to beneficiary designation forms, you want to avoid gaps. If you don't have a named beneficiary who survives you, your estate may end up as the beneficiary, which is not always the best result.

Your primary beneficiary is your first choice to receive retirement benefits. You can name more than one person or entity as your primary beneficiary. If your primary beneficiary doesn't survive you or decides to decline the benefits (the tax term for this is a disclaimer), then your secondary (or "contingent") beneficiaries receive the benefits.

HAVING MULTIPLE BENEFICIARIES

You can name more than one beneficiary to share in the proceeds. You just need to specify the percentage each beneficiary will receive (the shares do not have to be equal). You should also state who will receive the proceeds should a beneficiary not survive you.

In some cases, you'll want to designate a different beneficiary for each account or have one account divided into subaccounts (with a beneficiary for each subaccount). You'd do this to allow each beneficiary to use his or her own life expectancy in calculating required distributions after your death. This, in turn, can permit greater tax deferral (delay) and flexibility for your beneficiaries in paying income tax on distributions.

AVOIDING GAPS OR NAMING YOUR ESTATE AS A BENEFICIARY

There are two ways your retirement benefits could end up in your probate estate. Probate is the court process by which assets are transferred from someone who has died to the heirs or beneficiaries entitled to those assets.

First, you might name your estate as the beneficiary. Second, if no named beneficiary survives you, your probate estate may end up as the beneficiary by default. If your probate estate is your beneficiary, several problems can arise.

If your estate receives your retirement benefits, the opportunity to maximize tax deferral by spreading out distributions may be lost. In addition, probate can mean paying attorney's and executor's fees and delaying the distribution of benefits.

NAMING YOUR SPOUSE AS A BENEFICIARY

When it comes to taxes, your spouse is usually the best choice for a primary beneficiary.

A spousal beneficiary has the greatest flexibility for delaying distributions that are subject to income tax. In addition to rolling over your 401(k) or IRA to his or her IRA, a surviving spouse can generally decide to treat your IRA as his or her own IRA. This can provide more tax and planning options.

If your spouse is more than 10 years younger than you, then naming your spouse can also reduce the size of any required taxable distributions to you from retirement assets while you're alive. This can allow more assets to stay in the retirement account longer and delay the payment of income tax on distributions.

Although naming a surviving spouse can produce the best income tax result, that isn't necessarily the case with death taxes. One possible downside to naming your spouse as the primary beneficiary is that it will increase the size of your spouse's estate for death tax purposes. That's because at your death, your spouse can inherit an unlimited amount of assets and defer federal death tax until both of you are deceased (note: special tax rules and requirements apply for a surviving spouse who is not a U.S. citizen). However, this may result in death tax or increased death tax when your spouse dies.

If your spouse's taxable estate for federal tax purposes at his or her death exceeds the applicable exclusion amount (formerly known as the unified credit), then federal death tax may be due at his or her death.

NAMING OTHER INDIVIDUALS AS BENEFICIARIES

You may have some limits on choosing beneficiaries other than your spouse. No matter where you live, federal law dictates that your surviving spouse be the primary beneficiary of your 401(k) plan benefit unless your spouse signs a timely, effective written waiver. And if you live in one of the community property states, your spouse may have rights related to your IRA regardless of whether he or she is named as the primary beneficiary.

NAMING A TRUST AS A BENEFICIARY

You must follow special tax rules when naming a trust as a beneficiary, and there may be income tax complications. Seek legal advice before designating a trust as a beneficiary.

NAMING A CHARITY AS A BENEFICIARY

In general, naming a charity as the primary beneficiary will not affect required distributions to you during your lifetime. However, after your death, having a charity named with other beneficiaries on the same asset could affect the tax-deferral possibilities of the noncharitable beneficiaries, depending on how soon after your death the charity receives its share of the benefits.

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