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Marbury v. Madison (1803)

◼ Legal issue: Can the Court issue court orders and can

the Court rule on cases and their constitutionality?

◼ Significance: The Supreme Court established judicial

review - the ability to review laws, cases, decisions, etc.

and judge their constitutionality.

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◼ Legal issue: Are blacks citizens of the U.S. (free or enslaved) and if a

slave moves to a free state does that make them free?

◼ Significance: This case caused a storm of controversy and helped lead

to the Civil War. In 1868, the 14th Amendment guaranteed that

anyone born in the United States, regardless of race, was a U.S. citizen

and therefore, overturned the Dred Scott decision.

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--Legal Issue: Herman Plessy said his 14th Amendment

rights (Equal Protection Clause) had been violated.

- Significance: Established SEPARATE BUT EQUAL

doctrine. As a result, southern states strengthened

segregation laws.

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

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-Brown claimed her14th Amendment rights (Equal

Protection Clause) had been violated because she was

denied the right to an equal education.

--This case ENDED segregation. It was the beginning of

the end of Jim Crow laws in the South.

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

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Legal Issue: Gideon appealed claiming that he did have the right to an attorney and the Supreme Court agreed (6th Amendment – right to an attorney).

Significance: Established “The Gideon Rule”:

guarantees counsel/attorney/lawyer to all

poor persons facing a felony charge

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Legal Issue: Miranda appealed claiming that he had not received warning or legal counsel to guide his decision to confess. (5th & 6th Amendment)

Significance: All suspects must be forewarned that they have

the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.

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Legal Issue: Were Gault’s 14th amendment

rights (due process clause) violated? Do these

rights also apply to juveniles?

◼ Significance: Guarantees the same due process rights for juveniles as adults.

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◼ Legal Issue: Does executive privilege excuse the president from turning over documents needed as evidence in criminal proceedings?

◼ Significance: Decision proved that even the President is not above the “rule of law”.

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◼ Legal Issue: Does the 1st amendment protect school-sponsored publications from censorship?

◼ Significance: Ruled that school newspapers are sponsored by the school and articles not directly reflecting the views of the school for learning purposes can be deleted. Still a divisive issue. Some

states give more student publications freedom.