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-Many children were evacuated across Great Britain.

-Many parents were given a list detailing what their children should take with them when they are evacuated.

-These items including a gas mask, change of underclothes, nigh clothes, slippers, a warm coat, and your general toiletries.

-Many families struggled to provide all these items listed.

-lots of children were evacuated to avoid the threat of bombings.

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Schools during WWII (Ainsley, Campbell, Payton)

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Schools during WWII (Ainsley, Campbell, Payton)

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Many schools shifted their education to focus on supporting the war with topics like basic mechanics, air raid precaution, and first aid

1 in every 5 schools were damaged by bombing and requisitioned by the government

Many schools lacked qualified educators because majority of teachers joined the military

A large amount of schools faced closure or overcrowding because of the immense destruction

Books were in short supply for schools because transportation was limited and many soldiers took books with them

Many old teachers had to come out of retirement because of young males leaving for the war

Schools, especially in Germany, were very strict (Leisel got spanked after not being able to read well)

Significant numbers of children failed to reach their required literacy and numeracy

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﻿Children were evacuate from Britain.

﻿﻿Parents were issued lists of what to bring and where to go.

Some evacuees liked where they were evacuated to, while others hated it.

﻿﻿Many instances, children grew up in poverty.

More evacuation took place after the blitzkrieg in France in May and June.

Many places were evacuated to avoid the threat of bombing.

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September 1st 1939,Germany invaded Poland, France declared war 2 days later

Hitlers reason was for more living space

over 1.5 million people from urban 'target' areas, of whom 800,000 were children. This was the great evacuation. This marked the beginning of WW2. They were moved from Britain to countryside Britain. The volunteers task was to consider practical responses that could preserve human life during air attacks, from gas masks to underground shelters.

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Many schools were evacuated during the war, and others chose to stay open.



During the war, many school buildings were either damaged or requisitioned for war use, causing a shortage of suitable places to conduct school lessons. Lessons were held in unusual places such as chapels, pubs and church crypts. During the warmer months lessons could even be held outdoors



During the war, the schooling of the children were drastically damaged because the drop outs became normal



Children were crammed into large classes and stationery and books were often in short supply. 



Schools in rural remained open but the often had to share their facilities with their evacuee’s, meaning the introduction of the double shift system 



Around 50 percent of the children living in the towns became evacuees. This meant that around a million children were now without school.



As well as losing their education, children from poor families lost their free milk and school dinners. Medical inspections in schools also came to an end as a result there was a dramatic increase in the number of children suffering from scabies and headlice



Nursery school: the homes in the English country side were turned into nursery schools or homes for children that left from different cities across the country.

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Some schools chose to stay open during war, making basements and cellars into classrooms. Some places like pubs, chapels, and crypts were used to hold lessons

Many educational materials were scarce like teachers, books and paper.

Most children left school around the age of 14. Many students help low literacy and education.

Some states and private compites started creating “war nurseries” that over 550,000 students managed to attend.

Over 2,000 school buildings were evacuated and used for soldiers during the war.

One in five schools were bombed and damaged in air raids, which lead to a steady decline in the attendance of students.

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Thousands of helpers were needed to assist evacuations

First stage began on Sep. 1, 1939

Teachers, local authorities, railway staff, 17,000 members of WVS involved

Provided refreshments in reception areas and help looking after worried or tired people at railway stations

Needed to host evacuees

Ran field kitchens and rest centers for people made homeless by bombings

Provided for soldiers and sailors at railway stations

Escorted children

Ran clothing centers for people who lost all possessions

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Topics:

-This began on September 1, 1939.

-The volunteers were teachers, local authority officials, and railway staff.

-There were 17,000 members of the Women’s Voluntary Service.

-The WVS provided assistance for tired evacuees, and provided beverages in common areas, like receptions and billeting halls.

-Hosts were also needed for the safety of evacuees.

Summary:

On September 1, 1939, the first stage of evacuation began. There was helpful assistance like the Women’s Voluntary Service, hosts for evacuees, authority officials, railway staff, and teachers. The helpful resources for the evacuees, helped to provide safety and support for the tired individuals.

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Topic:

Started on September 1, 1939

Involved teacher, local authorities, railway staff, and members of the WVS

Summary:

Evacuation required thousands of volunteers. The volunteers were just normal people like teachers. 17,000 members of the Women’s Voluntary Service (WVS) were apart of this program. The WVS would give assistance to the people that evacuated at railway stations. They would provide refreshments and most volunteers

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the (Women’s Voluntary Service) WVS provided practical assistance

Volunteers were needed to host evacuees

First stage of the process began on 1 September 1939

It involved teachers, local authority officials, railway staff, and 17,000 members of the WVS

Summary:

Recruiting volunteers was a necessary action in 1939 in response to the evacuations that were happening. Members of the Women’s Voluntary Service were a big help in providing their assistance for the evacuees.

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When children across all of Britain were evacuated, the parents of kids were sent lists of items to send off with their child. These lists include a change of underclothes, night clothes, towels and basic hygiene items. Many families struggled to provide these items for their children.

Brent railway station in Devon, 1940

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Children were evacuated from many cities in Britain.

Parents were given lists of necessities children needed to take

There were about 800,000- 900,000 Children were evacuated From urban British cities(History.com)

Gas mask

Change of clothes

Underclothes

Night clothes

Slippers

Tolitris

Warm clothing

etc.

Many families struggles to give the children these following items

These evacuation were one of the results of the fear causes by civilian deaths

There were also evacuated because of the fear of booming and other threats

These evacuation made weird circumstances on the return home

Many children cruel and indifferent hosts

Foster parents were often shocked by the lack of hygiene (Growing up in the Second World War)

Housing for these evacuees were from rich housing to the slums (Growing up in the Second World War)

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Life in the Countryside — Evan, Cason, Noah

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Life in the Countryside — Evan, Cason, Noah

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Evacuees were spread out/evacuated to host homes in the countryside in “safe areas”.

Many evacuees thrived and adapted quickly to their new surroundings but many struggled and missed home.

Child evacuees were often scared to be away from home and family making them homesick.

Most evacuees had never seen any farm animals before and some had never eaten vegetables before.

Some evacuees were able to come up with their own arrangements if they had friends or family in “safe areas” or if they could afford safe lodges.

Items that could be carried included: Gas masks, clothes, toothbrushes, combs, towels, and soap.

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- Home to over 3.5 million children and vulnerable people who had been evacuated from big cities like London.
- Many found new homes on campsites where accommodations were provided to keep families together.
- Some children were sent to live with local people in the rural community who had volunteered to offer a safe home 
- Many were fleeting horrific bombings of the blitz when the German Luftwaffe launched continual night raids over the Capital
- Only children who were evacuated 
- In the first 2 days after the war began around 1.5 million people were evacuated from the city to the countryside
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Increased tension and fear of bombing resulted in large scale evacuation

Prompted government to evacuate, children and mothers away from areas of war

In fear of large amounts of deaths, vacation was done in waves

The day Germany invaded Poland was the day the first wave began which was also before Germany declared war

1.5 million people were evacuated over the next few days to “safe” locations

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Urban schools closed and persuaded families to send their children away

Many large homes were turned into nurseries and homes evacuated from other cities

Education was disrupted mainly due to facilities closing, teacher shortages, and curriculum shifting towards practical skills and war-related topics

Propaganda was was heavily infused in the curriculum

1 in 5 of Britain’s schools were damaged by bombing

Many kids (like Liesel) suffered from illiteracy due to lack of materials, such as books and stationary

Many children dropped out of school to either work to support their families or to join the war effort.

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Evacuation was voluntary Fear

Children would live with strangers if evacuated

The first wave began on September 1st, 1939 which marked the day Germany invaded Poland starting the war. The code name used for evacuation was “Operation pied piper” used by 1.5 million evacuees. Fear of bombing, closure of urban schools, and organized transportation of school groups persuaded families to send their children away to live with strangers in a ‘safe’ area. Adults fostering children would wear an armband to be identified as volunteer marshals.

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Life in the countryside- Paige, Allison, Emmy

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Life in the countryside- Paige, Allison, Emmy

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Hosts and evacuees were astonished to find out how each other lived

Some of the evacuees flourished in their new environment

Many of the evacuees had never seen a farm animal or eaten a vegetable before due to living in inner-city poverty areas

The children’s upbringing in urban poverty was misinterpreted as parental neglect

Some evacuees were able to make arrangements with friends or family members outside of the official scheme

Some evacuees were used for agricultural work

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Carter, Miles, Stone - Threats of Bombing

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Carter, Miles, Stone - Threats of Bombing

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Before research: Many families sent their kids away to be safe from the bombing. Most towns had a bunker to run to in case there were bombings so they could try and be safe.

After researching: Most bombings happened to the allies by the axis powers. The intention was to disrupt enemy industry and demoralize the population by attacking not just military targets but also urban areas. One of the most common examples was “The Blitz,” which was 8 months of Germany bombing the UK from September of 1940 to May of 1941. The British government mandated strict blackout policies and curfews alongside air raid shelters in case of bombing emergencies. The reason America bombed japan was that the US wanted to force a quick surrender by the Japanese to reduce the number of American lives lost. the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan killed around 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 74,000 people in Nagasaki. Many people that survived the initial bombings are dying to the exposure to the extreme radiation of the nuclear bombs. Overall after researching we have learned that the bombings weren’t just to raise the number of casualties, it had real strategy behind it. Germany aimed for the urban areas to try and demoralize the Allies while America nuked Nagasaki and Hiroshima to put an end to the horror of WW2. The threat of bombing not only makes the people in power panic but it also makes the citizens in the country pain because they don’t know if the bomb is going to kill them. The people also panic and see if they have a bomb shelter to hide in and if it’s not deep enough they will die even though they are underground. Overall the threats of bombing and the actual bombing itself are some of the most inhumane acts the world has done to each other. Strategic or not, the millions of people who lost their lives to the bombs is absolutely horrible and will hopefully never happening again in human history.

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Evacuation was voluntary

If evacuated, they would go live with strangers

Fear of bombing, closure of urban schools, and organized transportation of school groups all influenced evacuation

Summary:

The first wave of evacuation occurred on September 1, 1939. Primarily women and children evacuated from major cities to rural areas. These evacuations all started just as Germany invaded Poland, marking the start of World War II. Initially this evacuation, also known as “Operation Pied Piper”, moved around 1.5 million people.

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About half of all the evacuated children were brought home by 1940

The British government made posters and adverts discouraging parents from letting their children back home

Some children came back to find their homes reduced to rubble or that their families didn’t want them anymore.

Some children didn’t want to leave their foster families

Health issues (anxiety, depression, PTSD, etc) were common

Trouble readjusting to their home lifestyle after living with foster families for so long.

Summary: Children often had struggles returning home father evacuation. Psychological effects and prolonged absence from their families caused challenges, often for life.