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The industrial revolution in Europe strengthened their military power. It also made them interested in seeking out China as a market.

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The Qing dynasty started a decline in the early 1900's because of high taxes, limited land, famine, and peasant revolts.

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Kowtowing was a way of showing respect in China. People would bow low and keep their heads down when speaking to merchants they wanted business with.

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England sold Opium to China and the Chinese quickly became addicted. The government then tried to ban trade to protect its people. However a war starts and the British end up winning.

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The spheres of influence were areas where a foreign nation had economic privileges in China. So the British had economic privileges so the area they were in was known as a sphere of influence.

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The open door policy was a policy where the U.S. wanted all nations to have equal access to trade in China. The U.S. was denied.

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This was a war that took place from 1894-1895. During this war the Japanese invaded China and Manchuria to gain land.

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This was a nationalist movement in the 1900's. There were anti-Western and anti-Christian Chinese people who were called "Boxers". Boxers attacked Chinese Christians and foreigners.

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The Chinese Forced to Sign Unqeual Treaties

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The Chinese were forced to sign unequal treaties that granted the British Hong Kong. The Chinese also had to pay reparations while the foreigners gained a lot from the treaties.

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If any Europeans owned businesses in China it was likely they had a sign posted out front saying "No dogs or Chinese allowed". This was to separate themselves from the Chinese and make them seem inferior.