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Motivations of disinformation creators. Why is it worth doing?

1) Why does anyone create desinformation? What are your first thoughts? Name min. three reasons.
gaining (political) influence
- ignorance
- discredit (government, special groups,…)

1.2 The aim of disinformation is usually manipulation. What are the most common goals of such manipulation? Name min. three of them. Think of its meaning for propaganda. - financial gain
- gaining influence
- dehumanise enemy’s

2) What techniques are usually used by disinformators in fakenews to maximize its impact?
- creating emotions (fear, anger, aggression, etc.)
- information out of context
- fake accounts/ fake websites that look like known/ trusted sources

3) What does the term “clickbait” mean? Find some funny examples from both Czech and German online media.
- trying to get as much as possible readers with catchy headline or picture

4) Name the most frequented controversial narratives spread in online media in german and czech environments. Leave at least four specific examples of such heated debate of recent years.
- covid pandemic (vaccine)
- right to get (information about) abortions
- extremism
- immigration
- Roma

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Influencers: serious source of information or dangerous public opinion makers?

1. should influencers or other authorities, who influence society, share their political opinions? What issues can it cause?
- Influencer is a public figure that expresses opinions on a variety of platforms, presents them as the truth and benefits from it.

They can be state actors: Dominik Feri
Company bought
Famous people
Online personas: Gulab and Šulcová, Hasanabi

Not all influencers do harm but all of them can potentially do harm.
Some can have a positive influence and be informative: Kovy, Mikýř

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How to recognise fake news? Factchecking of online written articles

1) What are the  most common signs (alarms), that can help us reveal fake news?  Name five of them.
- no contact for authors/operater
- grammatical errors
- no sources
- lots of emotionally colored words
- no author background
2) Leave a little comment to those indicators (for example, what kind of titles are usually linked with fake news?)
- Russian news, lies about Corona, Vaxination info, outrageous titles, big shocking headlines, Fox News not reliable (related to Trump)
3) +4) What are the signs of reliable information sources?

Leave a little comment to those signs

- information about author, contact info, sources, reference about literature, well known web
5) What social media do you consider safe/serious, if any?- - - depends on the specific account (for example verified accounts) – FB, ig, twt
6) Leave a few links in the Padlet of some factchecking manuals or sites that deal with such problematics
- manipulátoři.cz, encyklopedia Brittannica,

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Factchecking of audiovisual sources: how to recognise pictures and videos
1) Try to find out what traits are typical for pictures and videos used in disinformation content?
- taken out of context/only part of the context
-bad quality/poorly edited
-date not matching
-attention directing i.e. red circles
-suggestive
-source edited
-graphic images/emotional
2) What is the purpose of the emotional message usually present in such content?
-circumventing rational response
-to provoke reaction
-to convince
-creating the feeling of threat -> unity
3) Can the quality level of graphical content processing be a sign of trustworthiness? Can you explain the term “deep fake”? Find one example.
-it can be both, so high quality doesn't guarantee trustworthiness
-
4) Find min. three methods or applications that can verify the authenticity of any pictures or videos.
-reverse Google image search
-researching the source
-checking for traces of editing i.e. via ai based solutions (photoforensics, jpegsnoob, ghiro, forensically)
-trying to find more sources talking about the same thing
-

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Freedom of speech vs. censorship: where is the balance?
task no. 1: Debate the topic of freedom of speech vs the spread of misinformation. Social media banning misinformation and hate spreading profiles can also be discussed.

- central example: donald trump inciting the riot on january 6th via twitter
- checking objective truth: does this statement come from a reliable source?
- freedom of speech begins and ends with moral values, constitutions and laws
- german "Netzdurchsuchungsgesetz"

task no. 2: Is there such a thing as a limit of freedom of speech? Where is the line between opinion and a fact? Name a few examples of such boundaries.
Examples:
1) German Popculture: Joice: Humor has no limits.
Group agreement: Disclaimer needed.

Missing sensibillities!

2) German Newspaper "Bild": "Form your own opinion".

3) US election finanzed by powerful groups.

4) Reporters without Borders: Monitoring

task no.  3 Is it right to restrict people when expressing their standpoints in a democratic society? Name a few arguments pro and contra such restrictions.
yes: - if they're spreading hateful messages/lies
no: a democracy needs to withstand all opinions

task no. 4

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1. tools to censor fake news on social media:  block systems (comments and accounts), necessarity of a moderator

2. should governments enforce censorship of disinformation on social media? -> enact laws and make independent institutions (comapanies, state and citisens)

3. National law or EU measurement dealing with disinformation?
-Verfassungschutz institution
- NÚKIB and CTHH in CZ

4. What can an indiviual do when dealing with disinformation and fake news on social media?
-report it
- crush your social bubbles (information bias)
- make a diference between fake news and hate speech!

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National strategies against disinformation and propaganda: case of Czechia and Germany

1) What are the state organized institutions  fighting disinformation and propaganda? Name the examples from both countries.
- CTHH - Centrum proti terorismu a hybridním hrozbám
- Verfassungschutz
- Bundeszetrale für politische Bildung

3) more NGOs than state institutions in DE
4) Find at least two NGOs or civic projects facilitating media education workshops etc
- we don't know specific NGOs in De
Pasch auf ein Blick (Schulen Paetner der Zukunft)

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https://padlet.com/jansvestka97/q3yoswjhpu4zh6gv