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Over 15,000 species
Adapt to different environments
Segmented body, strong muscles, circulatory and nervous system, digestive system

Example: earthworm

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The picture above is an example of a hermit crab which is considered a marine arthropod.

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Interesting facts about Arthropods - Joshua Panicker

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Interesting facts about Arthropods - Joshua Panicker

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1. Marine Arthropods were the first creatures to venture into land, invading every realm of the planet.

2. Marine Arthropods were the first creatures to obtain complex eyes that could visualize sharp images in their environment.

3. There are more arthropods in the oceans than any other group of organisms since each arthropods have incredible potential to evolve.

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1. Flatworms are hermaphroditic, meaning they have both kinds of reproductive organs.
2. Flatworms have mouths on their undersides to suck in their food.
3. Flatworms were one of the first animals to develop eyes, skulls, and heads to hunt.

Example: Turbellaria

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Ex. Planarian
- First animals to move with intent and hunt other organisms and deliver sperm to an egg to reproduce.
- Flatworms have muscles that use cilia to move the body on a platform of self-made slime.
- First animals to have sensory organs that help with finding other organisms easily. Flatworms use these sensory organs to hunt.

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It has thousands of bony platelets which are very large cells of bone marrow. All of echinoderms have radial symmetry. They have hydraulically powered tube feet to feed.

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1. There are over 20000 species of flatworms
2. They can live inside the bodies of other animals
3. First animal to form a central nervous system

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1. There are more than 15,000 species of annelids.

2. Annelids have evolved to adapt on almost any environment on Earth and mastered the art of digging.

3. Annelids provide stable habitats for other organisms; they can hold together sediment with their tubes and more.

Example: Leech

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There are molluscs that are bottom dwellers, and there are molluscs that swim.
1.Those on the bottom usually have a hard protective shell allowing them to protect themselves.
2. Some of swimming molluscs have shells, but those were the ones that evolved from the bottom dwellers.
3. The swimming molluscs are able to swim by taking in water and expelling it causing them to move.

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Scientists have discovered 20,000 species of flatworms in every environment possible (including the inside of other animals)

The ancestors of flatworms are said to be the first type of hunters

Flatworms have a mouth on the underside of their body called the pharinx which they use to grab food.

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1. They have no definitive shape
2. They have microscopic structures called spicules embedded in them for their rigidity and form
3. They can indefinitely reinvent themselves

Example: glass sponges

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1. They were the first organisms to have sensitive tentacles.
2. They were the first organisms on Earth that had the ability to move.
3. All cnidarians have stinging cells on their tentacles which are usually used to capture their prey.

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1. Molluscs are tiny creatures that have protective shells.
2. Their feet bring them food which they eat with a unique tongue called a radula.
3. Their shells have ridges which make it hard for predators to latch onto them.

Example: Clam

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-First creatures to venture onto land (ex. pill bugs)
-Advantages: more oxygen in air than in sea water
-Disadvantages: plants on land were harder to digest than algae
-Animals flew for the first time when they developed wings.
-Humanity can’t live without them
-provide essential services that keep the machinery of life running

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1. There are over 50,000 different molluscs
2. They can live under hard shells, like snails
3. They eat using a rasping tongue called the radula.

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1) sponges are not solid; they are made up of tunnels, holes, and chambers and have no definitive shape.
2) there are about 9,000 species of sponges
3) Sponges feed by pumping water through their bodies and filtering out food

Example: Leucosolenia Sponge

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Example:squid
1.The abalone has one muscular foot across the bottom to aid with survival and moving.
2. Abalone have strong teeth to tear through kelp, eat meat, etc., called the radula.
3.Without a shell, the octopus’s “ticket” to survival is their ability to camouflage.

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Sponges do not have brains, nervous systems, or limbs, and are just loose cells together.
Sponges are extremely varied in shape, and they also have the ability to recombine cells after they are separated.
Sponges thrive in salty waters and fresh waters. They can live in both cold and warm conditions.
An example of this is the calcareous sponge.

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They have no nervous system, muscles, limbs or a brain. At a glance they seem solid but they actually have a labyrinth of holes, tunnels and chambers. They can reassemble themselves and have no definitive shape.

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The giant barrel sponge is an example of a sponge. 

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1. Sponges may seem solid, but they have tiny holes, tunnels, and chambers.
2. Because sponges only consist of sponge cells, sponge cells have many jobs that are usually split up amongst different organs in other animals.
3. Sponges get their food through filter feeding. Filter feeding is when the animal sucks in water and filters out the food. This means that sponges need to take in a lot of water for a bit of food.

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Highly adaptable limbs and bodies
Have something similar to antennas to help guide them
More arthropods in the ocean than any other group, and each species of it are just variations of one another

Example: lobster

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1. Marine arthropods were equipped by nature to survive almost any challenge. Their legs and body segments could easily adapt to almost any new opportunity.

2. Marine arthropods have flexible jointed legs which bend about a hinged joint to provide great stability. They have a range of motion.

3. Arthropods developed a package of onboard sensors, such as antennas, and the first complex eyes, capable of perceiving sharp images.

Example: Horseshoe crab

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1. After evolving over years they would bring about the jellyfish which were the first to swim and explore the oceans.

2. They introduced sensory tentacles for animal life to perceive the environment around.

3. Origins for animal movement through muscles and nerves.

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Above is a picture of a hunstman spider which is an example of a terrestrial arthropod.

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Interesting Facts about Terrestrial Arthropods - Joshua Panicker

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Interesting Facts about Terrestrial Arthropods - Joshua Panicker

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1. Predatory larva go through metamorphasis when leaving their water filled environments, obtaining a damselfly and a set of appendages that help the organism fly.

2. Spiders, terrestrial arthropods, developed a gossamer net to help catch prey for a source of food.

3. Insects provide essential services that help us as humans and other organisms to survive as they recycle and decompose other organisms.

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1. Cnidarians were the first animals to have tentacles.
2. Cnidarians was the first animal with a mouth and stomach.
3. Cnidarians invented movement in animals through nerves that controlled muscles that could contract.

Some cnidarians are jellyfish.

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1. Most mollusks has some type of foot which they use for mobility.
2. Mollusks have a tongue like tool called a radula which they use to scrape off food from rocks (algae).
3. There are around 150 thousand different types of mollusks.

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Arthropods we’re the first creatures to venture onto land.
Arthropods play a large part in the reproduction of flowering plants.
Over time, they developed tools to help them go from sea creatures to land creatures and eventually also airborne creatures.
Example: spiders

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1. The contraction of segmented bodies in some annelids allows them to move which helps the, with digging.

2. The many species of annelids can live in many places of the Earth as some annelids can dwell at the surface of land to those who can live deep down near the hydrothermal vents.

3. Many annelids have a mutualistic relationship with many other organisms while some have a parasitic relationship with them.

Example: giant tube worm

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Example: Lobster

- Marine Arthropods are able to survive any challenge because of their hinged appendages that can change from a claw to leg  to a tail.
- Arthropods have exoskeletons that supports the animal and works as a body armor to shield it. However, when they grow, they will molt and leave the exoskeleton behind.
- Horseshoe crabs lay their eggs on the beach along the sea. This may be the reason why animals left the oceans to create reptiles, mammals, and amphibians.

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-all of them are based off of a five part symmetry
-ex. starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc.
-a nerve ring instead of a brain
-sea urchins have sensory tubed feet.
-acts as a bucket when the suctions pull the food into the jaw

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1. They were the first animals to have a stomach and mouth
2. They were the first animals to have muscles and nerves
3. They have stinging cells on their tentacles

Example: sea anemone

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1. over 15,000 species of annelids
2. annelids have a one way gut
3. annelids have adapted in almost every type of environment

example: sabellid

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1. Arthropods can live in hydrothermal deep sea vents.
2. Arthropods were the first creatures to develop jointed limbs for structure and shock absorption.
3. Arthropods were the first creatures to move onto the land.

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1. have a nerve ring instead of brain
2. all echinoderm have a five part body plan
3. they have a tube feet to feed

example: sea urchin

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1. Molluscs use their hard shells and long feet as adaptations to survive from predators.

2. Molluscs use a tongue called the radula to grab and swallow their food.

3. The largest group of molluscs is called gastropods, which live in salt water, fresh water, and terrestrial environments.

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1. Scientists have discovered over 15000 species.
2.  Annelids have a flexible segmented body, powerful muscles, a gut that runs from head to toe, a sophisticated nervous system, a pulsing circulatory system.
3.Leeches latch onto humans
Example:worms

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Echinoderms have five part symmetry.
Echinoderms contain a structure of thousands of small bone plates connected with special muscles to create its shape.
Echinoderms contain a nerve ring that act as the brain and coordinates all the movement.
Example: sea star

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This is a stomphia, which can detach from rocks and swim away when attacked.

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1. Cnidarians were the first animals to have movement. They have two sets of muscles along with a nervous system.
2. A more evolved version of cnidarians are jellyfish, as they were the first animals to swim.
3. Many types of cnidarians have defense and attack methods. Sea anemones fight each other for territory, and stomphia can escape from predators.

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1. First organisms to completely conquer the aquatic, terrestrial, and aero environments.

2. Began respiration for all land life with adaptations from water to land with book lungs becoming placed within the body and reinforced tubes, trachea, to maintain air throughout the body structure.

3. These terrestrial arthropods play crucial roles as decomposers and pollinators to the global environment.

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1) flatworms have stomachs that transfer food to all parts of their body
2) they developed the first internal reproductive system
3) their ancestors are the first type of hunters

Ex: Turbellaria

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1) diopatra worms help stabilize environments by holding sediment together
2) earth worms can grow up to 20 feet long
3) leeches inject an anesthetic into their victims to suck up to 3x their body weight in blood unnoticed

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1) There are about five million arthropod species that accounts for over 80 percent of species on earth
2) All arthropods have segmentation
3) All arthropods go through metamorphisis

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1. Undergo metamorphosis to change body structure.
2. Were first animals to evolve flight.
3. Evolved unique structures to take in oxygen from the air.