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Density Dependent and Density Independent Factors

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geographic distribution - refers to how individuals in a population are spaced out across the range of the population
density - the number of individuals in an area
growth rate - determines whether the population size increases, decreases, or stays the same
limiting factor -  a factor that controls the growth of a population
biodiversity - is the total of all the genetically based variation in all organisms in the biosphere
exponential growth - the unrestricted growth of a population of organisms, occurring when resources in its habitat are unlimited
logistic growth - occurs when a population’s growth slows and then stops, following a period of exponential growth

carrying capacity - the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support
demography - the scientific study of human populations
pollutants - a harmful material that can enter the biosphere

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Identify exponential growth graphs (J-shaped)  and logistic growth graphs (S-shaped) - see left

Review “Wolf and Moose Populations on Isle Royale” line graph in notes - When the wolf population starts to decline, the moose population increases. The moose population also rapidly declined because of overcrowding and the increase of the wolf population.

Describe factors that keep a population from growing further once its carrying capacity is reached. - food and water supply, habitat space, and competition with other species are all things that keep a population at its carrying capacity

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List the characteristics used to describe a population.
- Geographic Range, Density and Distribution, Growth Rate, Age Structure

Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable resources.
- Renewable resources have the ability to naturally replenish themselves like trees and falling water. Nonrenewable resources can not be replaced naturally, coal and natural gas are examples.

Describe what will happen if a population exceeds carrying capacity.
- If a population exceeds carrying capacity, the ecosystem may become unsuitable for the species to survive.

Identify factors that affect population growth.
- birth rate, death rate, emigration, immigration

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Today there are many threats to biodiversity. Invasive species are a threat because they cause extinction to native plants and animals. Climate change is the biggest threat to biodiversity because it leads to a change in organisms environments and and can cause extreme natural disasters. Humans that are using unsustainable resources are also dangerous to biodiversity on earth.