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"Gene cloning is a common practice in molecular biology labs that is used by researchers to create copies of a particular gene for downstream applications... The traditional technique for gene cloning involves the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element, such as a bacterial plasmid."

https://www.bio-rad.com/es-pa/applications-technologies/introduction-gene-cloning-analysis?ID=LUSNKO4EH

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Gene cloning is a common practice in molecular biology labs that is used by researchers to create copies of a particular gene for downstream applications, such as sequencing, mutagenesis, genotyping or heterologous expression of a protein. The traditional technique for gene cloning involves the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element, such as a bacterial plasmid. This technique is commonly used today for isolating long or unstudied genes and protein expression. A more recent technique is the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying a gene of interest. The advantage of using PCR over traditional gene cloning, as described above, is the decreased time needed for generating a pure sample of the gene of interest. However, gene isolation by PCR can only amplify genes with predetermined sequences. For this reason, many unstudied genes require initial gene cloning and sequencing before PCR can be performed for further analysis.

Related Topics: Gene Expression Analysis, Mutational Analysis, and Epigenetics and Chromatin Structure.

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Introduction to Gene Cloning and Analysis

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Gene cloning is a common practice in molecular biology labs that is used by researchers to create copies of a particular gene for downstream applications, such as sequencing, mutagenesis, genotyping or heterologous expression of a protein. The traditional technique for gene cloning involves the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element, such as a bacterial plasmid.

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 Explain the role and the purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction in DNA amplification. Describe the process of gene cloning and its applications in biotechnology and medicine.  

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 Explain the role and the purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction in DNA amplification. Describe the process of gene cloning and its applications in biotechnology and medicine.  

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the process of PCR amplifies DNA
1. sample is first heated so the DNA denatures or separates into two pieces of single-stranded DNA
2. an enzyme called "Taq polymerase" synthesizes - builds - two new strands of DNA ( using the original strands as templates)
3. process results in the duplication of the original DNA, with each of the new molecules containing one old and one new strand of DNA.

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this process occurs 30- 40 times leading to more than 1 BILLION DNA duplicates!

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PCR occurs in laboratories where it is automated by a machine called thermocycler and occurs in a couple of hours. Most mapping techniques in the Human Genome Project (HGP) relied on PCR.

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Researchers create copies of a particular gene for further application:
- sequencing
- mutagenesis
- genotyping

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PCR is valuable in a number of laboratory and clinical techniques, including DNA fingerprinting, detection of bacteria or viruses (particularly AIDS), and diagnosis of genetic disorders

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https://quizizz.com/join/quiz/627cf9ad3a89a8001d9ae68e/start?studentShare=true

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Gene cloning also allows for the creation of biopharmaceuticals, for instance, insulin or HGH -> synthetic creation.

Also, it is used in gene therapy, when patients aren't able to functionally form a specific gene.