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Infographic providing overview of Oral Thrush

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Oral thrush, caused by Candida albicans, is a fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat. It commonly leads to white lesions on the tongue and inner cheeks, causing discomfort and sometimes pain.

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A comparison graphic showing a healthy mouth vs. a mouth with oral thrush.

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The disease caused by Candida albicans is commonly referred to as oral thrush or oropharyngeal candidiasis. This condition primarily affects the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat.

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Candida albicans pathogen graphic showing its cellular structure.

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Candida albicans is the scientific name for the fungus responsible for oral thrush. It is an opportunistic pathogen that exists naturally in the human body but can cause infection under certain conditions.

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Symptoms of oral thrush include white patches on the tongue and inner cheeks, soreness, and a cottony feeling in the mouth. In severe cases, it can spread to the throat or esophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing.

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Oral thrush can be caused by overuse of antibiotics, steroid medications, or a weakened immune system. It occurs when Candida albicans, which normally exists in balance with other microorganisms, begins to overgrow.

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Infographic that reflects common population groups susceptible to oral thrush.

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Infants, elderly individuals, and people with weakened immune systems are most at risk of developing oral thrush. Patients with diabetes or HIV/AIDS are especially vulnerable to this infection.

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Picture of a common oral thrush antifungal medication (Nystatin)

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Oral thrush is typically treated with antifungal medications like nystatin or fluconazole. Maintaining proper oral hygiene during treatment can help speed up recovery and prevent reinfection

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Infographic reflecting ways to prevent oral thrush.

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Good oral hygiene practices, like brushing and flossing regularly, are key to preventing oral thrush. Managing underlying conditions, like diabetes, and avoiding excessive antibiotic use can also reduce the risk.

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Infographic reflecting different ways thrush can be diagnosed.

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Oral thrush is typically diagnosed through a physical examination of the mouth, where white patches on the tongue and inner cheeks are observed. In severe cases or for confirmation, a sample of the affected tissue may be scraped and examined under a microscope to identify Candida albicans

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Candida albicans is a commensal organism found in about 50% of healthy people but only causes disease when the immune system is compromised. This dual role as both a harmless resident and a harmful pathogen makes it unique among fungi.