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The UN General Assembly passes Resolution 181 calling for the partition of the Palestinian territories into two states, one Jewish and one Arab.

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Israel declares its independence as the British rule ends.

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Over the course of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, at least seven hundred thousand Palestinian refugees flee their homes in an exodus known to Palestinians as the nakba (Arabic for “catastrophe”).

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Israel and several of its Arab neighbors fight the Six-Day War. Israel wins a decisive victory

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Another Arab-Israeli war, known variously as the Yom Kippur War, the Ramadan War, and the October War, is fought when Egypt and Syria attempt to retake the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights.

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Israel and Egypt sign the Camp David Accords, which establish a basis for a peace treaty between the two countries.

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An Israeli driver kills four Palestinians in a car accident that sparks the first intifada, or uprising, against Israeli occupation in the West Bank and Gaza.

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The Israelis and the Palestinians sign the Gaza-Jericho Agreement, which begins implementation of the Oslo Accords.

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Israeli and Palestinian negotiators sign the Interim Agreement, sometimes called Oslo II.

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Israeli politicians, including Ariel Sharon, a controversial retired Israeli general, visit the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif.

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A terrorist attack kills thirty people at a Passover celebration at a hotel in the Israeli city of Netanya. As a result, the Israeli military reoccupies portions of the West Bank, including the city of Ramallah.

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Israel begins building a security barrier in the West Bank to protect Israeli cities and towns from terrorist attacks.

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Hamas defeats Fatah, a Palestinian political faction founded in 1950s which was a long-dominant faction within the PLO, in Palestinian elections.

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Israel attacks the Gaza Strip following nearly eight hundred rocket attacks from Gaza on Israeli towns in the months of November and December.

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Evictions of Palestinians in East Jerusalem and clashes at al-Aqsa Mosque spark conflict between Israel and Hamas.

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Israel launches a counterterrorism operation in the West Bank in response to attacks by Palestinians against Jewish Israelis.

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On October 7, 2023, Hamas launched an unprecedented surprise attack on Israel, leading to an explosion of violence. According to Israeli media, the conflict's initial strikes led to at least 250 people killed and 1,500 injured in Israel, making it the deadliest attack in the country in decades.