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Viscose, also known as rayon, is a semi-synthetic fiber made from wood pulp . Although it feels soft and natural, its production involves toxic chemicals and contributes to deforestation and pollution.

This Padlet explores how viscose is made, its environmental impact, and the steps brands are taking to make the material more sustainable — including innovations like Lenzing EcoVero™ and closed-loop production systems.

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Viscose is a regenerated cellulose fiber derived from wood pulp. It is soft, breathable, and often used as a cheaper alternative to silk.

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1. Wood pulp is treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form alkali cellulose.

2. It reacts with carbon disulfide (CS₂) to produce viscose solution.

3. The viscose liquid is extruded into an acid bath to form fibers.
This process releases toxic chemicals harmful to workers and the environment.

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Causes deforestation from unsustainable wood sourcing.

Releases hazardous chemicals into air and water.

Factory workers often face health issues due to CS₂ exposure.

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LENZING EcoVero™: Made from FSC-certified wood in a closed-loop system.

Birla Cellulose: Uses recycled chemicals and lower water consumption.

Recycled viscose fibers are being developed to reduce waste.

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Traditional use: Zara, H&M, Forever 21.

Sustainable collections: H&M Conscious, Reformation, Patagonia.

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Production process diagram

Deforestation or pollution images

EcoVero™ or sustainable viscose factory photos

Brand product photos using viscose