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A Guide to New Jersey English Language Learner (ELL) Programs — NJDOE

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Content: This document explains the types of bilingual and ESL programs NJ districts are required to provide, depending on the number of ELLs and available resources. It outlines full-time bilingual, dual language, sheltered instruction, and ESL-only options.
Connection: This resource helps me understand how access to language support varies across NJ districts. Since the Seal of Biliteracy requires a high level of language proficiency, students in smaller or under-resourced programs may face unequal chances to qualify.

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Content: Official NJDOE documentation of eligibility criteria (ex: English proficiency pathways, world‐language assessments) for the NJ Seal.
Connection: Important for analyzing how the policy works in NJ and whether the criteria might create access barriers for emergent bilinguals (ex: cost, language test availability).

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Content: State professional association page describing the NJ Seal: goals, eligibility, history.
Connection: Offers a local lens (NJ) and can help you look at how practitioner/advocacy groups frame access & support; relevant to your rationale about equity in NJ schools.

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New Jersey Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages/ New Jersey Bilingual Educators

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Content: A policy-analysis article examining how SoBL is implemented and issues of equity for English learners (ELs) and heritage-language learners.
Connection: Directly addresses my core question: whether all students (especially emergent bilinguals) have equal access to earning the Seal, highlighting barriers and equity concerns.

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Content: Focused on data showing that across states, few Seal recipients are ever-English learners and offering strategies to improve equity.
Connection: Very aligned with my research question: Do emergent bilinguals have equal chances? This gives empirical findings and suggested interventions.

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The Inequity in Who Earns Seals of Biliteracy and How to Avoid It

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Illinois and New Mexico have led the way in ensuring English learners have access to the seal of biliteracy.

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Content: A critical analysis (2022) of the Seal of Biliteracy examining philosophical/structural concerns: who benefits, who is left out.
Connection: adding a critical lens on equity

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Content: The page offering best practices for ensuring access to the Seal; alternative means of proficiency measurement, outreach,...
Connection: offers frameworks to evaluate whether schools are implementing equitable pathways for students.

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The Seal of Biliteracy is an award given by a school, district, or state in recognition of students who have studied and attained proficiency in two or more languages.

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Content: A recent article (June 2024) that reviews the national landscape of SoBL and emphasizes that data on access (especially for ELs) is limited.
Connection: It gives me a bigger picture; not just New Jersey, but how other states handle the Seal

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Students Nationwide Can Earn a Seal of Biliteracy. How It Can Be More Accessible

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All 50 states and the District of Columbia have passed legislation to formalize a seal that celebrates students’ bilingualism.

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Content: This 2023 study looks at how different schools and states put the Seal of Biliteracy into action in their own ways.

Connection: It helps comparing how things like school funding, teacher support, and available programs can affect which students get the chance to earn the Seal.

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Content: This school’s webpage explains how students can earn the Seal, what languages are included, and who can apply; it’s open to all juniors and seniors, even if they’re not taking a language class.

Connection: It gives real example of how one school runs the program. You can use it to see what kind of chances students have to join and whether the school’s support or information makes it easier or harder for some students to earn the Seal.

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Seal of Biliteracy - Watchung Hills Regional High School

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Seal of Biliteracy - Watchung Hills Regional High School

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Content: This page explains how Kingsway Regional School District runs its Seal of Biliteracy program. It lists who can apply, what language tests are accepted, and how students can show their language skills to qualify.

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Seal of Biliteracy - Kingsway Regional School District

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Seal of Biliteracy - The Kingsway Regional School District’s vision is to successfully prepare students for their unique path in life. They are Committed to Excellence.

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Explains how the district offers the Seal, the purpose, and how seniors can participate.

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Describes how the school administers the test for the Seal — when juniors/seniors test, what the requirements are.