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The German Nazi army invaded Poland and captured the city of Krakow. The Germans came inside the city and started terrorizing the locals and the people they hated most were the Jews. The Gruener family did not know what had waited for them. They would have ran when they heard the news of Germany invading Poland. Yanek the son of Oskar and Mina Gruener states, "We would have ran if I knew what waited for us." The Germans were going to do extremely cruel things to the Jews and some other groups, but little did the Polish or any of the other countries know what was to come.

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German Nazis invaded the city Krakow of Poland. "He's already annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia," said Uncle Abraham. "And now he invades Poland!"(Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 3). The Polish radio channel was saying that the Polish army was fighting the German and beating the Germans. However the German channel was saying that the Nazis beat the Polish and have already started the invasion and have reached the start of Krakow, Poland. This marks the start of Germany's rule over Poland and the holocaust.

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Germany invaded and took control of the whole country of Poland. "Years of international tension and aggressive expansion by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany culminated in the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later." (Imperial War Museums). By this we can see that Fascist Italy a government which used to be a dictatorship and German Nazis were invading other countries and expanding their territories and Nazi Germany invaded Poland during this these attacks and started hurting the people of Poland because they were Jews which was a bad opinion which came from Hitler. The Germans also got an advantage from working with Italy because instead of having to manufacture armory and keep training more and more soldiers they could borrow some things from the Italians who were willing to help Germany.

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The Germans started hurting the Jews and forcing them to work for the German Nazis. "The Nazis even took people out of the ghetto to work elsewhere in Krakow. Sometimes they never returned." (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 17) By this statement we can understand that the German Nazis took Jews with the use of force, outside of their ghettos to work in Labor camps or Extermination camps and they might have been killed there by the German Nazis. The Germans needed the Jews to run their camps and do other works to run their government.

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The German Nazis were cruel and Anti-Jewish because of their leader Adolf Hitler. "Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich and other top personnel reach the decision to physically annihilate the Jews of Europe." (Britannica). This was a really bad time for Jews since the German Nazi leaders started to become even more evil and started to kill Jews. They would kill them in masses as they felt and since they were anti-jew and wanted to put an end to them. The hate for the Jews by the German Nazi had begun due to an old belief that the Germans were the highest, most powerful and pure kind of people. And that the Jews were impure and lowly people. The other reason was just personal hate for the Jews by the German Nazi leaders. This is the reason why they gave orders to exterminate Jews at a larger and fast rate.

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Many countries that were willing to help the Jews were too busy fighting with the Germans to get to the Jews." 1942 came but Germans didn't. Nor did the French. They were too busy fighting the Germans fighting in the west." (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 26) Their were many countries that wanted to help the many Jews who were unfairly being terrorized by the German Nazis. Some of these countries being Britain, France, America, and Soviet Union. However to help the Jews they would have to get through the German defenses and take down their rule to save and help the Jews, however these countries were too busy fighting the Germans at their borders and could not help the Jews.

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people shooting with guns at each other black and white 1800s army

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The German Nazi plan of exterminating Jews at larger masses was put into action which was a horrible thing to do. "Start of mass extermination of Jews in the gas chambers." (Auschwitz-Birkenau). At the start of 1942 the German Nazi Leaders such as Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich made a plan to start killing Jews at a higher rate with the use of Gas Chambers. The time had become so bad and horrible that the Jews were trying to find ways to experience less pain while dying rather than escaping since they were already weak from doing a lot of work and they were heavily guarded so it was almost impossible to escape. So from this you can understand how horrible it must have been and the war still didn't end until 1945, so it is impossible to even imagine such a massive amount of murder happening for 3 years straight.

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The Germans Nazis were extremely cruel and would do anything to get anything the way they wanted. "My friends, I come to you with a terrible request but one which I have no choice but to accede to. The Nazis have ordered me to give them seven thousand Jews. " (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 39). The Nazis would do anything to get what they wanted. At this time they needed work to be done like mining, and etc. They would take anybody, even if they were old, sick, or young they would just take them away for work. They would also beat the people whenever they felt, again not caring their current state.

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The Soviets Army started beating the German Nazis in war and wearing the German rule over some of the European countries. "In February 1943, after months of fierce fighting and heavy casualties, the surviving German forces—only about 91,000 soldiers—surrendered." (Holocaust Encylcopedia). The Germans were starting to lose to the Soviet union in the east while the British and French were attacking from the north and west. The Soviet union restored and freed Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the western part of Belarus and western Ukraine from German Nazi rule.

As the Soviet Army started winning over areas from the Nazis it resulted in these countries becoming free and were saved from the cruel and horrible camps set from the Germans.

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The Kapos were evil but they had no choice but to hurt their fellow Jews. "He was a Kapo, he told us, a prisoner who'd been put in charge of other prisoners by the Nazis, so they wouldn't have to deal with us all the time. We were to do what he told us, he said, or we would feel the sting of the wooden club he carried." (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 65) The Kapos as stated above were Jews put in charge of other Jews so the Nazis wouldn't have to always keep an eye on them. The Kapos were Jews after all why would they hurt their fellow Jews? Well they didn't have an option they would have to hurt them or the Nazis would kill the Kapos family if he didn't do what they said. Some Kapos actually enjoyed the authority while others tried to help their fellow Jews discretely.

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The German Nazis were working together with Italy to control more land."Hitler met with Benito Mussolini at Salzburg for a conference on Axis war strategy. Mussolini agreed to send more Italian troops to the Eastern Front." (Wikipedia.) From this you can see that German Nazis were working together with Italy. To get more troops, battle plans , and money. The Italians agreed to help the Germans because then it would help them regain lost territory.

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The Jews could not fight back against the Nazis dispite their numbers and tools, they were weak due to the work. "Yes, the Nazis had clubs and guns, but there were far more of us than there were of them."(Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 109). However as stated above the Nazis did have better equipment and more energy though less in numbers but more power the Jews however were weak due to the extreme labor. So even if they would have the spirit to fight, they would lose to the Nazis clubs and guns. The Jews did not have energy due to the extreme labor and the nutrition less food. This let them vulnerable to oppression from the cruel and heartless German Nazi's.

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The President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Great Britain were making plans, together to beat the German Nazis and free the Jews from the cruel, unfair, and unjust tyranny. "The Casablanca Conference was a meeting between U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill." (Office of the Historian.) The Casablanca Conference was a meeting held between the President of the U.S and the President of Great Britain. It consisted of topics such as how to act in the Axis war from then on, how to fight the Germans and etc. This meeting also led to Roosevelt and Churchill announcing their decision to pursue the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers, which was the most far-reaching policy decision made at Casablanca.

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The Kapos treated the Jews as though they were not even humans. "I ate watery broth and week-old bread once a night and passed out on a wooden pallet with no mattress or pillows or blankets. I was an animal to them, a pack mule. But beasts were never treated this poorly. Working animals were expensive. They had value. I was a Jew. We were lower the animals." From the book Prisoner-B3087. The Jews were treated worse than animals and were valued less than working animals. The Nazis had never even cared for them. They would have to sleep in in-human conditions and places, with nutrition-less food only to be worked, beaten or even worse killed the next day. The situation got so worse that the Jews started losing hope and started accepting the situation.

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The D-Day operation saved Normandy France from the Nazi tyranny. "The D-Day operation of June 6, 1944, brought together the land, air, and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest amphibious invasion in military history. The operation, given the codename OVERLORD, delivered five naval assault divisions to the beaches of Normandy, France." (Eisenhower Presidential Library.) The Allies were making great advances in the Axis war pushing back the Germans and Italians, with the most successful strike being the D-Day Operation securing all of Paris from German Nazis. These attacks started giving the Jews hope and feared the Nazis of the future in this war this strike was one of the most fierce and powerful strikes that spread hope to the Jews and fear to the Nazis.

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The long years of German Nazi's rule over the Jews, and the gruesome and tiring work had made the Jews depressed and started to make them feel as though there was no hope left in the world since they would only be killed after doing all the gruesome and hard labor. "I started to cry, the first tears I had shed since Moshe had died. Why had I worked so hard to survive if it was always going to end like this?" (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 126) The few years when the Nazi's terrorized the Jews felt like many lifetimes to them. With all the hard, forced labor and the death. They had started feeling depressed because they felt as though there was no hope left for them and that they would work for the Nazis all their lives in camps and die in the hands of the Nazis.

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The Germans were slowly losing the war, however they were giving a fight to the Allies. "German frogmen carried out a successful raid on the floodgates at Antwerp and rendered the port unusable to the Allies for six weeks." (Wikipedia),The Germans had made an attack on a key point of the Allies, used for army purposes. Taking down such an important and useful place was a great success for the Germans. However the Allies would not take this as a loss as they started dropping bombs from the sky at the Germans Nazis giving the Germans a hard time, and helping the Allies recover from their loss of the port. The Allies were a rather larger group compared to the Germans, Italians, and the Japanese. This helped the Allies as they could recover from any attack and do more damage compared to the Germans, Italians, and the Japanese.

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The situation for Jews was not good, they would have to live in dirty places, eat nutrition less and limited food, and were put in prisoner uniforms and numbered like science experiments. "To these people just off the train we all must have looked like escaped patients with our shaved heads and our wooden shoes and oversized blue-and-gray striped uniforms." (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 147). The Prisoners were not at all even treated as good as real prisoners. They had watery broth, and small chunks of bread to eat. Which was not at all enough nutrition for all the hard labor they had to do each day. Their barracks were not at all sanitary, they were on mud which was full of bacteria bad for humans. Also the barracks did not have pillows, mattresses, or blankets. The only thing to keep themselves warm was their own body heat and the thin prisoner clothes.

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The World war 2 was hurting regular citizens of participating countries rather than the people who caused them. "American bomber drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima." (History.com). The Americans were fighting the Japanese, Germans, and Italians. In this large war many citizens were injured or killed. Even though the people who caused the war were safe in large mansions or government offices. The citizens were either, injured, worked, or killed in the large attacks. With the six million Jews died in Europe, their were more like the Italians and the Japanese. The biggest of these two was the Japanese and many of them died due to the Hiroshima and Nagasaki attacks.

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The Germans had killed so many Jews that they were running out of Jews to run their camps. "Workers were needed in the Sachcsenhausen concentration camp, the officer of the watch told us, and we were being sent to fill their barracks." (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 166) The Germans were killing Jews as though they were not cared for and as though it was a sport. The Jews would either be killed by starvation, murder, or disease. The Germans did not make it easy for the Germans to live at ease. They assigned the Jews hard jobs and since they were easily sick and had no energy because of the low amount of sleep and food they could not do the work correctly. While having the trouble to do the work the Germans shot them with their rifles and beat them with their clubs. Which would take more of the Jew's energy later killing them due to the challenges. The Germans then realized that they killed too many of them and ran out of Jews to run their camps, however they did not stop the killing of the Jews, resulting in the need for many Jews to run their camps.

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The British were pushing the Germans back and defeating them in battle that came along after December 1944. "Adolf Hitler approved a formal withdrawal across the Rhine, but by that time all German forces who were going to make it back had already gone." (Wikipedia) The British were not only giving a challenge for the Germans but actually beating them in battle. The Germans wanted to keep the way that things were and thought it would stay that way, however little did they know it would not be the way of their thoughts. The British were at war from the top and east. Adolf Hitler then started to realize it would be best to pull back forces and protect the remaining lands. However before his order could be put into action the forces were killed at battle. This was giving the British a better chance at winning and a better chance for Jews to be free from the few long years of tyranny.

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The Germans were cruel even when it seemed like they were being kind. "the Nazis were cruel. Every one of us woke with the most terrible cramps we'd ever. Our poor stomachs weren't used to such hearty food." (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 198) The Germans knew that after all the many years of low amount of food would have made their bodies used to quantity. So they used it to hurt the Jews by giving them a way larger meal than they are used to resulting in the painful cramps. The Jews who's bodies were adjusted to the little food but they wanted to eat more since they are humans with some desires. They could not contain that desire and ate the large meal causing incredibly painful cramps. The way the Germans gave the food and the quantity of it appeared as though the Germans actually cared for the Jews and the Jews thought it was a kind act. But the Germans were never kind they would hurt the Jews acting as though they were kind or some other way.

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The British with the many victories in the wars took them further in the wars allowing them to free some Jews from camps that were near the borders. "British troops liberated Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp." (Holocaust Memorial Museum). The British as written earlier were making great progress in war against the Germans pushing them back from the captured lands. Once the the Germans were either dead at war or retreated back to main lands. The British could free the Jews who were on the eastern, and northern sides. This was a really great success for the British and great news for the Jews since it would produce them with hope.

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The Nazis were extremely cruel to their prisoners, the Jews, and some other groups and they would be treated even worse than animals. "Cruelty to Prisoners the Nazis could abide. But not cruelty to animals." (Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 209). The Buchenwalden camp was rather unique or different compared to the concentration camps. It had a zoo for the Nazi officer's family entertainment. In the zoo they would play games with the Jews by making them fight each other for food. Which was worse than ever because they wouldn't even treat animals that bad, however they did treat the imprisoned Jews that badly. The worse thing was that the Nazi commander of the camp and his wife would order the prisoners who they felt like should die to death. Without actual reason, this resulted in many deaths. This would also be extremely cruel since the Jews did not have a choice.

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The Germans were coming to the end of their many years of terror and oppression on the Jews. "Germany signs an unconditional surrender at the headquarters of US General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Commander of Allied forces in northwest Europe, at Reims on May 7." (Holocaust Encyclopedia) The Germans were starting to accept the fact that the lost the Axis war and that their rule over the countries was coming to an end. The German Nazi's leader Adolf Hitler also died in the month of April. Without a leader the Germans had also become rather weaker. They had already been weak and they started to become weaker due to the rather large losses in the year of 1945 resulting in the end of the German rule and oppression.

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The German rule ended and the Jews were liberated from the oppression and cruelty by the Allies. "the tank had an American flag on it. "It's the American!" I cried, feeling something to joy for the first time since I could remember."(Gratz, Prisoner B-3087, 244). The Jews had been ruled and oppressed by the Germans for an extremely long and hard six years. In these many years the Jews had lost all joy in their lives. The hard work forced upon the Jews along the 6 years had killed the hope of many of the Jews. The Allies were able to fight the Germans and liberate the Jews from the rule of the Germans. This was one of the greatest moment in the Jews lives who survived the Holocaust, since they had to go through such a hell. To be even seeing a flag other than the German flag was a great cue for hope in the Jew's hearts. So to be saved by the allies would have been a great thing for the Jews suffering the camps since they were free after that.

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The Germans formally surrendered and accepted it's retreat from the invaded lands on April 1945. "German armed forces surrendered unconditionally in the west on May 7 and in the east on May 9, 1945.''(Holocaust Encyclopedia) The Germans really understood that they lost the war. In a few days after their leader's death the city of Berlin was lost to the Soviet army. Due to the loss of their capital the Germans understood their loss and signed two different forms stating that they surrender and would retreat from invaded land. The formal surrender marked the end of Nazi Germany.