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NAME: NUR ATIRAH BINTI AHMAD AMLI

MATRIX NUMBER: D20231105721

BACHELORS OF EDUCATION WITH HOUNOURS IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGE ( TESL)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY ( BIP3173)

LECT: DR. FAREHAH

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Language Skills Development

Listening

Speaking

Reading

Writing

Grammar and Vocabulary

Parts of speech

tenses

syntax

Communication Practice

Conversational skills

role-playing

situational responses

Cultural Context

Idioms,

social norms

politeness

cultural appropriateness

Assessment and Feedback

tests

summative evaluations

CEFR and Its Role in ESL Curriculum

A1 (Beginner)

A2 (Elementary)

B1 (Intermediate)

B2 (Upper Intermediate)

C1 (Advanced)

C2 (Proficient)

Benefits of an ESL Curriculum

structured progression

improve communication

cultural integration

assessment alignment

personalization

global oppurtunities

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Intrinsic :

The motivation was due to personal interest or Self Interest/Interest in Learning English.

Example: Interest in English films,song or novels

Extrinsic:

Influenced by external rewards or outcomes.

Example: get excellent marks in test

Example of activities:

Intrinsic : Movie Clip Discussions.

A short film should be watched by everyone then cast, storyline or topic of the society should be discussed.

Engages peoples from their interest areas helping foster good relations between them.

Extrinsic: Mock Job Interviews.

Role-plays in English related to interview preparation based on learners’ professions of interest.

Explicitly links the use of language to concrete performance.

Benefits:

Improved Language Acquisition

Motivation supports consistent practice and persistence, which are essential for language learning.

Example: Motivated learners are more likely to practice speaking, listening, reading, and writing outside the classroom.

4. Increased Self-Confidence

Motivation helps learners overcome the fear of making mistakes, fostering a more confident approach to language use.

Example: Encouraging learners to express themselves in English, even with errors, boosts their confidence over time.

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Learning Styles:

-visual learners (images/video)

-auditory learners (audio/listening)

-kinesthetic learners(hands on activities)

-reading/writing learners (written text)

ESL Strategies:

-visual aids,multimedia

-debate,discussion,audio resources

-role-playing,skits

-reading extensively,writing exercise

Learning Strategies

a. Cognitive Strategies

Mental processes used to understand, remember, and organize information.

Examples:

Note-taking: Writing down key points while listening or reading.

Activity Example: Vocabulary Matching—Students match new words with definitions, then create sentences to demonstrate understanding.

b. Metacognitive Strategies

Thinking about one’s thinking and controlling learning processes.

Examples:

Reflection: Reflecting on mistakes to understand and correct them.

Activity Example: Self-Assessment Rubric—Learners rate their own performance on language tasks and identify areas for improvement.

c. Social Strategies

Learning through interaction with others.

Examples:

Pair work or group work to practice conversational skills.

Activity Example: Group Discussions—Students work in pairs or small groups to solve a problem or discuss a topic, practicing their language skills in context.

d. Affective Strategies

Managing emotions, motivation, and attitudes toward learning.

Examples:

Positive reinforcement: Rewarding progress to build confidence.

Activity Example: Visualization Exercise—Students imagine their success in English, whether it's giving a speech or traveling, to increase motivation.

Integrating Learning Styles and Strategies into an ESL Curriculum

1. Differentiated Instruction

2. Technology Integration

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4 Types of Learning Styles With Ideas for the ESL Classroom | Visual, Kinesthetic, Auditory & More

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1. Behaviorism (B.F. Skinner)

Learners acquire language through stimulus-response mechanisms, where correct responses are reinforced.

Benefits:

Effective for building foundational grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

2. Cognitivism (Jean Piaget)

Learners actively process and organize information to construct meaning involve memory,problem-solving

Benefits:

Enhances critical thinking, problem-solving, and deep cognitive processing through language use.

3. Constructivism (Lev Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner)

Language learning occurs through social interaction and hands-on experiences.

Benefits:

Promotes collaboration and active learning, encouraging learners to take ownership of their language learning through interaction.

4. Sociocultural Theory (Lev Vygotsky)

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): Learners can achieve higher language proficiency through guidance from more knowledgeable individuals (teachers, peers).

Benefits:

Encourages social interaction and learning within cultural contexts, making language learning more relevant and applicable.

5. Innate Theory (Noam Chomsky)

Chomsky’s Universal Grammar theory suggests that all languages share a set of principles, and children have an innate ability to acquire language through exposure.

Benefits:

Encourages natural language acquisition through exposure, mimicking how children learn their first language.

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Yellow and Green Illustrated Features Comparison Chart Graph

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35 Kaagan cooperative strategies:

1. Think pair share

2. Numbered Heads together

3. Jigsaw

4. Think pair square

5. Round Robin

6. Rally Robin

7. Rally table

8. Quiz quiz trade

9. Team pair-Solo

10. Mix Freeze Group

11. Cooperative strip story

12. Cooperative vocabulary

13. Think pair square turn

14. Corner chat

15. Team interview

16. Simultaneous round Robin

17. Coooperative ranking

18. Pass the paper

19. Carousel brainstorming

20. Four corners

21. Team puzzle

22. Silent connversations

23. Find someone who

24. Speed sharing

25. Puzzle piece

26. Find the facts

27. Partner quiz

28. Sentence scramble

29. Speed matching

30. Cooperative sentence building

31. write pair square

32. think pair share square

33. Team statement/Question

34. Role playing

35. Team brainstorm

Benefits of using it in esl:

Engagement: Involves all students actively, preventing disengagement.

Language Practice: Provides ample opportunities for speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

Peer Learning: Encourages collaboration and learning from peers, building confidence.

Critical Thinking: Promotes problem-solving and the use of higher-order thinking skills.

Cultural Exchange: In multicultural classrooms, cooperative strategies foster cultural exchange through communication.