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in 1526, troops headed by a mughal empire leader named Babur swept out of the central and asia was conquered

north and central india. in 1556 the mughal leader Akbar the greate just came in to the throne at the age of 13 and he led Muslim India to a Brilliant golden age.

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In 711 the Muslims first conquered Spain and some of the region came under Umayyad control by 750. The last Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman fled to this region in 755, and then founded the Umayyad dynasty in 756. In 929 Abd al-Rahma III fought the rebels and proclaimed himself the caliph. His leadership preserved the Umayyad power and all of Muslim Spain in 933.

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Kevin

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Kevin

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When al-Andalus started in decline the Ottomans started to rise. In 1453 the Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire by capturing Constantinople. With this happening they turned most of the land into their capital, Istanbul. Suleyman I was one of the greatest rulers of the Ottoman Empire. After the reign of Suleyman I the Ottoman Empire slowly started to decline but it only lasted into the 1900s. 

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The Umayyad Caliphate began in 661 CE when Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, the governor of Syria, became the caliph after the death of Ali, the fourth caliph. This marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, which was the first major Islamic caliphate.The Umayyad Caliphate is important because it was the first dynasty to rule the Islamic world, expanding the empire significantly across North Africa, into Spain, and eastward into Central Asia. It played a crucial role in the spread of Islam and the development of Islamic culture and civilization. The Umayyads also established Arabic as the administrative language and made significant contributions to architecture, such as the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

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The Abbasid Caliphate was established in 750 CE after overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphate. It was founded by descendants of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, which gave them religious legitimacy. The Abbasids capitalized on discontent with the Umayyads, particularly among non-Arab Muslims, by promoting a more inclusive Islamic community.The Abbasid Caliphate is significant because it marked a golden age of Islamic culture, science, and learning. It moved the capital to Baghdad, which became a center of knowledge and culture. The Abbasids promoted the translation of Greek and Persian texts into Arabic, fostering advancements in various fields. Their rule is often seen as a period when Islamic civilization flourished and expanded its influence.