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Exergonic reactions are reactions where energy is released. On a graph, the reactants start at a high value and by the end of the reaction, the products are below the reactants. A real word example of this is throwing a baseball. This is a good example because before you throw the baseball, you store up energy and then right when you throw it all of that energy is released.

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All enzymes are substrate specific which means that they only form with certain substrates. If the active site of a substrate and an enzyme do not match up, they will not combine. This is also referred to as "lock and key" because only a certain key can fit in a lock and unlock it. An example of substrate specific in the real world is the Lactase Lab we did. The lactase broke down the lactose because the substrates and enzymes of both fit together but the lactase did not break down the sucrose because the substrates and enzymes did not fit each other.

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Activation energy is the smallest amount of energy required to undergo a specific reaction. Activation energy is present in both endergonic and exergonic reactions and becomes smaller when an enzyme is present. This is because the enzyme speeds up the reaction and therefore less activation energy is needed. An example of activation energy in the real world is lighting a match. The energy caused by the friction of a match striking the rough part of the matchbox provides the activation energy for the match to light.

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Photosynthesis is the process that only happens in plants where sunlight is transferred into energy. Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast of the cell. The reactants are carbon dioxide and water and the products are glucose and oxygen. An example of photosynthesis in the real world is a solar panel. This is a good example because the solar panel absorbs the sunlight and transfers it into energy just like photosynthesis does.