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Adichie uses anecdotes to share her personal stories about when people only listen to one side of a story and don't see the other side. Including herself when she was younger.

She explores lots of stereotypes to emphasise her message.

She wants to people to be open minded.

Diversity is the main theme and she uses an informative tone to get her message across.

She uses emotive language 'overwhelmed with shame' (line 69)  to show herself in a bad light to show how everybody is effected by stereotypes.

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Beyond the sky and the earth (language techniques)

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Beyond the sky and the earth (language techniques)

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"It is easier to picture a giant child gathering earth in great armfuls"
-idea of how the terrain has no real structure and how the mountains tower over everyone below

"frozen desert" - juxtaposition is used to convey how different the Bhutanese landscape is compared to what they are used to at home

"mountains rise to meet the moon" - metaphor to express the scale of the mountains

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Explorers and Boys messing about? Either way taxpayer gets rescue bill, Steven Morris

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Explorers and Boys messing about? Either way taxpayer gets rescue bill, Steven Morris

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alliteration and hyperbole of "tens of thousands" reflects the expense of the crash for the both Britain and Chile

imagery of "scrambled into the life craft" the metaphor highlights the explorers sudden fear after crashing

Juxtaposition of "trusty helicopter" and "boys messing about with a helicopter" highlights the contrast of the childish, indulgent, inexperience and how Morris uses irony and mocking them as it was their fault.

In the title, Morris uses the rhetorical question to show his doubt of explorers.

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Explorers and Boys messing about? Either way taxpayer gets rescue bill, Steven Morris

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Explorers and Boys messing about? Either way taxpayer gets rescue bill, Steven Morris

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It is a news headline of 2 British explorers crashed into the sea however both experienced explorers; they both  are in the headlines for the wrong reasons. they were picked up after a nine hour rescue

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Themes:
Danger, adventure, risks, action.

Structural features:
Short sentences-  eg. 'Then silence' -builds tension- dramatic.
In media res- begins in the middle of the story.
Present tense- makes it seem like it is happening in real time.

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Between a rock and a hard place is about a climber that forgot to inform anyone where he went and his right arm was subsequently crushed by a boulder.

Language:
- the language is very technical to show the climber's experience e.g 'this technique is known as stemming or chimneying' - this technique is called a jargon
- lots of physically demanding verbs e.g 'I press...I kick...I squat and grip' to show the strength needed to climb
- lots of similies to show sense of danger and discomfort e.g 'the claustrophic feel of a short tunnel'
- uncertain language like 'if...dangle...take a short fall' reminds us that he's a fragile human and it's very risky
- dramatic language e.g 'a scraping quake' highlights strength he has and the risk
-descriptive language e.g 'searing-hot pain shoots from my wrist up my arm' conveys pain and desperation
- extract ends with ''come on...move!'' - speech, imperative language conveys danger.

Tone:
- danger
- desperation
- techinical
- high action

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the two explorers at the south pole in front of their "trusty Robinson r44"

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themes: a couple of the themes explored in "explorers or boys messing about?" are adventure and exploration.

tone: the extract has a very sarcastic tone as the writer of the article, Steven Morris, is trying to mock the "explorers".

Structural Features:  Most of the paragraphs are short, due to the number of facts that are included in the extract; this shows the authenticity as well as the depth Morris went into to make fun of the "explorers".
The short paragraphs also show the shortness of their expedition  which yet again makes fun of them.

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-autobiography, (travel writing)
-author wanting to educate people
-extract uses a factual and informative language to shift the tone to sound like an authoritative guide to the subject.
-writer uses large, factual paragraphs to show the importance of narwhal hunting

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The writer describes the story of a boy who does badly in school and is let out of the classroom as an escape to play sport.

The main themes are:
Hardship

There are a lot of anecdotes
The author uses statistics to crate sympathy
Benjamin also often uses direct address
There is also short sentences used throughout.
Zephaniah also uses triplets to describe what its like having dyslexia

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Summary-

It shows how a single story creates stereotypes in society and the danger of misunderstanding before you are told the full story. Ngozi Adichie wants us to be openminded as she tells us about her experiences, she says "I am a storyteller" in the opening line.

Themes:

Diversity, representation, experience

Tone:

Inspiring, educating, story-telling, slight humour, strong, powerful, assertive

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Its a humorous report written as a prose text
informal writing

summary: She is filming unusual sports in Pakistan, Karachi and a donkey race is going on.
theme: danger, unusual sports

tone: humorous, adventurous, tense, high action moments

Structural features:
long sentences becoming fast paced as the text goes on.(line 1 and line 27) Hyphens ( lines 33,17,36). large paragraphs.

Language features: a lot of emphasis to show the high paced moments (line 48) and also emphasis the narrators lack of patience (line 7) . A lot of description of the chaos of the event and all the people spectating it line (30). Metaphors (line 28).

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Summary - A reporter from Africa writes about his experiences
Tone - Reflective (sad)
Memoir
Themes - Different culture, Conflict, Morality, Discovery
Structural features -  Variation of short sentences, long sentences. Hyphens. One line paragraphs.
Language features - Factual language (dates, times), Emotive language.

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Themes: exploring different cultures and places, new beginnings, changes

Summary: 'Beyond the sky and Earth' is a memoir/ travel writing about Zeppa's experiences and his exploration of this different culture. He gives factual information to give the story authenticity but also to show his knowledge he had acquired from his adventure.

Structural features: The paragraphing in the story is very lengthy and detailed conveying the author has a lot of knowledge about Bhutan. Their are some individually long sentences that contain factual information which could portray the overwhelming aspect and how she is trying to take all the beauty and information in.

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LANGUAGE FEATURES:

'I watch mountains rise to meet the moon.' (Line 10)- (metaphor, alliteration, hyperbole, personification)
. describes how scenic and large her surroundings are

.  The adverb of 'actually' (Line 47) reveals her surprise that this old fashioned place is only 30 yrs old.
. This is a country dull of revelations with things not quiteas they first appear

'Picture a giant child.' (Line 4) - conveys her feelings of the vastness of her surroundings
. fairytale/mythical

TONE:
.  sense of admiration in the poem for the people and their appearance
. isolation of Bhutan, 'It took five different flights over four days to get here.'
. remote
. authenticity
. beauty
. unfamiliar 'line 34'

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An autobiography of a young chinese girl, who grew up in a chinese influenced family and did not have the best relationship with her family especially her father.

- relationships between parents and childrens
- Isolation
- Aspiratiration

the whole extract gives a dwelling tone as Adeline is nervous and timid around her father and her family as well as the thought of leaving home makes her like there is a throbbing at the back of her mind.

LANGUAGE:
'Where are we?' this reflects her nervousness, her anxiety, this makes us sympathesise with Adeline

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Summary:
In H is for Hawk Helen Macdonald talks about life after her father's death and how she adopted a Goshawk in an attempt to soften the blow. However she feels she was given the wrong hawk and struggles to come to term with the fact that she did not have the hawk she dreamed of getting.
Themes:
In the extract Macdonald discusses the themes of loss and sadness when she writes about her dads death and coming to terms with being given a goshawk she disliked and couldn't relate to.
Tone:
Macdonald uses a sad tone throughout the start of the extract but nearer the end she becomes more and more angry due to being given the wrong goshawk and uses different word choices and punctuation to portray this.
Structural features:
Macdonald starts of using a long sentence to set the scene in lines 1 to 4. She likely doesn't use punctuation as she wants to get to the story and not spend to long setting the scene. On the other hand at the end of the extract  in line 70 she uses a very short sentence as a cliff hanger which builds suspense and is meant to make the reader want to continue reading or use their imagination to create their own view of how things went down after the end of the story. In the middle of the extract at lines 46 to 47 when she realises she got the wrong hawk she uses a very small paragraph full of short sentences to try and create affect and show her distress at that time.
Language Features:
Macdonald uses lots of personification and auditory imagery to try and immerse the reader and allow them to create a vivid image of what is going on. This is clear when she writes " A sudden thump of feathered shoulders" and " She came out like a Victorian melodrama." she also uses lists of metaphors like "She is a conjuring trick" and " A griffon from an illuminate bestiary." These both describe the bird as a mythical being showing how in awe she is of the Goshawks.