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White- Terms/ Phrases
Pink- Page 31
Yellow- Page 35
Blue- Page 31
Purple- Page 47

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The total mass of organisms in a given area or volume. There are 5 different types of biomass, wood and agricultural products, solid waste, landfill gas and biogas, and alcohol fuels.

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Food webs show how plants and animals are connected in many ways.

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A trophic level is the group of organisms within an ecosystem which occupy the same level in a food chain.

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A food chain shows how each living thing gets food

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An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation of the relationship between different organisms in an ecosystem.

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An ecological niche is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces.

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Consumers are those organisms that get their energy from eating other organisms. eat other. They may eat plants or they may eat animals.

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The chemical process that generates most of the energy in the cell, supplying molecules needed to make the metabolic reactions (see metabolism) of an organism run.

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Producers include green plants, which produce food through photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances into food through chemosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other things make food.

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Thermal energy is the energy that is generated and measured by heat. An example of thermal energy is the kinetic energy of an atom.

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Light energy is the natural pathway for light to reach the shoreline and addition of artificial light to the aquatic shorelines, especially at night.

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Radiant energy is energy that travels by waves or particles.

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Biological systems remain diverse and productive over time. For humans it is the potential for long-term maintenance of well being, which in turn depends on the maintenance of the natural world and natural resources.

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A sustainable ecosystem is a biological environment and series of habitats that is able to thrive and support itself without outside influence or assistance.

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A nonliving condition or thing, as climate or habitat, that influences or affects an ecosystem and the organisms in it

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Biotic Factors are the living things that shape an ecosystem. Examples of biotic components include animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.

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the layer of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

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All the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.

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the outer part of the earth. Containing the crust and upper mantle.

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An ecosystem is a large community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in a particular area.

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The regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.

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2. In what way does the earth's presence of an atmosphere enhance conditions for life on earth's surface. 

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2. In what way does the earth's presence of an atmosphere enhance conditions for life on earth's surface. 

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The atmosphere protects living things on Earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.

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5. If earth is so large, why do scientists consider the biosphere to be fragile. Explain.

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5. If earth is so large, why do scientists consider the biosphere to be fragile. Explain.

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Biosphere interacts with all the Earth’s systems by helping maintain the energy and matter through the ecosystems.

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4. “ human activities change only the biotic features of an ecosystem.” Is this statement true or false? explain why or why not.

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4. “ human activities change only the biotic features of an ecosystem.” Is this statement true or false? explain why or why not.

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We have the ability to trigger or influence changes when it comes to the biotic and abiotic features of the ecosystem. For example, humans cause pollution by burning fossil fuels, which affects the air we breathe in. We do not change only the biotic features, but we also influence the abiotic factors found in our environment.

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1. Explain How the Earth's mass is related to its ability to have an atmosphere. 

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1. Explain How the Earth's mass is related to its ability to have an atmosphere. 

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Mass is proportional to gravity and gravity is necessary to hold an atmosphere, therefore mass would seem to be very important for the ability for a body to have an atmosphere.

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3. Which of the following are considered to be ecosystems? Explain the reasoning.

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3. Which of the following are considered to be ecosystems? Explain the reasoning.

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all the cats in your neighbourhood

they's of cut flowers

potted plant

a tree

your digestive system

backyard pond

Schoolyard

If abiotic and biotic factors interact with each other, then it is considered an ecosystem.

the following places are regarded as an ecosystem:
a. backyard pond
b. tree
c. schoolyard
d. vase of cut flowers
e. potted plant
f. your digestive system

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1. Classify each of the following as either biotic or abiotic features: temperature, bacteria, wind,Sunlight, dead leaves, mosquitoes,Sand, milk, hair, ice, plastic, an empty snail shell.

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1. Classify each of the following as either biotic or abiotic features: temperature, bacteria, wind,Sunlight, dead leaves, mosquitoes,Sand, milk, hair, ice, plastic, an empty snail shell.

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biotic:
bacteria, dead leaves, mosquitoes, milk, hair, plastic, and an empty snail shell.
abiotic:
temperature, wind, sunlight, sand, and ice.

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 2. Does a community include abiotic features? Explain.

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 2. Does a community include abiotic features? Explain.

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No communities are made up of various populations of organisms, which include the biotic factors only. If abiotic factors are involved with the biotic features, then it is an ecosystem, not a community.

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5. Would you consider a large city to be a population or a community? explain your choice. 

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5. Would you consider a large city to be a population or a community? explain your choice. 

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A large city is actually considered to be more of a community and an ecosystem. A city does not only consist of all the populations of the living species, but it also contains the buildings, infrastructures, streets, air, water, sunlight, and soil. All of these factors interact with each other, wherein their interaction constitutes the whole city.

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3. Explain how you know plants contain energy- rich substances.

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3. Explain how you know plants contain energy- rich substances.

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If a plant contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, then it can capture light and perform photosynthesis. In this case, they can produce energy-rich substances.

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6. What chemical process(es) do  producers and consumers share? what chemical process(es) do they not share?

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6. What chemical process(es) do  producers and consumers share? what chemical process(es) do they not share?

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1. Rice (seeds)
2. Corn (seeds/grain)
3. Potatoes (stem tuber)
4. Bananas (fruit)
5. Spinach (leaves)

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11. Describe how plants can perform cellular respiration at night when they perform photosynthesis only during the day 

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11. Describe how plants can perform cellular respiration at night when they perform photosynthesis only during the day 

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Plants respire more at night since they are already done with photosynthesis during the day, which is a process that requires light energy from the sun.

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5. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

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5. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

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Cellular respiration occurs in both producers and consumers, whereas photosynthesis/chemosynthesis only happen in producers.

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8. Prior to reading this section, would you have considered plants as more essential as producers of food or oxygen? What are your thoughts now?

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8. Prior to reading this section, would you have considered plants as more essential as producers of food or oxygen? What are your thoughts now?

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I have learned now that plants undergo photosynthesis by using the energy from the sun in order to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Therefore, plants are producers of both food and oxygen.

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3. Describe some possible impacts of adding or removing a species from an ecosystem. 

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3. Describe some possible impacts of adding or removing a species from an ecosystem. 

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If a species is removed or added in an ecosystem, then its homeostasis would be greatly affected. If species are added in an ecosystem, it might take over the native species

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4. Plants do not use photosynthesis to make sugars for energy storage. identify other kinds of uses plants have for these substances.

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4. Plants do not use photosynthesis to make sugars for energy storage. identify other kinds of uses plants have for these substances.

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Photosynthesis uses the energy from the sun by converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. On the other hand, cellular respiration is the process in which glucose and oxygen are converted into energy.

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1. How much of the energy reaching Earth is absorbed and converted to chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis?  Where does the other energy go?

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1. How much of the energy reaching Earth is absorbed and converted to chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis?  Where does the other energy go?

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Solar energy is absorbed by the atmosphere and hydrosphere, wherein a small percentage of this energy. This energy is used by the organisms for their cellular activities, such as growth, reproduction, and movement.

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4. As you go up from one trophic level to the next, the amount of available energy decreases. Explain where the energy has gone.

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4. As you go up from one trophic level to the next, the amount of available energy decreases. Explain where the energy has gone.

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The energy is not gone, but they are released into the atmosphere in the form of heat.

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1. What is meant by the term ecological niche? Describe the ecological niche of humans and of three other species.

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1. What is meant by the term ecological niche? Describe the ecological niche of humans and of three other species.

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The term ecological niche is associated with the concept of “role.” It tells the organism’s function or role in the ecosystem and how they interact with other organisms and with the environment.
An example is the ecological niches of grasses, elks, and wolves. Grasses fulfill the role of providing food and nourishment to elks.

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7. Bison, zebra, and kangaroos are the 3 large mammals. Explain why they have similar ecological niches but cannot be shown in the same food web. 

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7. Bison, zebra, and kangaroos are the 3 large mammals. Explain why they have similar ecological niches but cannot be shown in the same food web. 

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A bison, zebra, and a kangaroo are animal species that are located in the different regions of the world; hence, they are not able to interact with each other even though they have similar ecological niches. Therefore, these animals cannot be shown on the same food web.

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8. a) How would the food web in figures 10 change if the red fox were killed off rabies.        b) What species would benefit?  c) What species might decline? 

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8. a) How would the food web in figures 10 change if the red fox were killed off rabies.        b) What species would benefit?  c) What species might decline? 

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a. If the red fox is removed from the food web, then it would show that the hawk is the only top predator.

b. If the population of the red fox was gone due to rabies, then the population of rabbit, mouse, and squirrel would definitely increase. Their population increase is due to the absence of another carnivore that feeds on them. On the other hand, the hawk would have plenty of food to consume due to this event.

c. The population of grasses, berries, and tree seeds would diminish because the population of organisms that consume them has increased.