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President Truman issues Order 9981 to end segregation

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Brown versus Board of Education, a consolidation of five cases into one. ending racial segregation in public schools. Many schools, however, remained segregated.

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Emmett Till, a 14-year-old from Chicago is murdered in Mississippi for allegedly flirting with a white woman. the case brought international attention to the civil rights movement

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Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery.

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Sixty Black pastors and civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr.—meet in Atlanta, Georgia to coordinate nonviolent protests against racial discrimination and segregation.

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Nine Black students known as the “Little Rock Nine” are blocked from integrating into their high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends federal troops to escort the students, however, they continue to be harassed.

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Eisenhower signs the Civil Rights Act of 1957 into law to help protect voter rights. The law allows federal prosecution of those who suppress another’s right to vote.

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Four African American college students in refuse to leave a Woolworth’s “whites only” lunch counter without being served.

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Six-year-old Ruby Bridges is escorted by four armed federal marshals as she becomes the first student to integrate William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans.

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Black and white activists, known as freedom riders, took bus trips through the American South to protest segregated bus terminals and attempted to use “whites-only” restrooms and lunch counters. The Freedom Rides were marked by horrific violence from white protestors, they drew international attention to their cause.

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Governor George C. Wallace stands in a doorway at the University of Alabama to block two Black students from registering. The standoff continues until President John F. Kennedy sends the National Guard to the campus.

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Approximately 250,000 people take part in The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Martin Luther King gives his “I Have A Dream” speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.’”

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A bomb at 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama kills four young girls and injures several other people prior to Sunday services, the bombing made protesters furious.

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President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, preventing employment discrimination due to race, color, sex, religion or national origin.

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Black religious leader Malcolm X is assassinated during a rally by members of the Nation of Islam.

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In the Selma to Montgomery March, civil rights marchers walk to Selma, Alabama to Montgomery the state’s capital in protest of Black voter suppression. Local police brutally attack them. After fighting for their right to march, Martin Luther King and other civil rights leaders lead two more marches and finally reach Montgomery on March 25.

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President Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to prevent the use of literacy tests as a voting requirement

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Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated on the balcony of his hotel room in Memphis, Tennessee. James Earl Ray is convicted of the murder in 1969.

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President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Fair Housing Act, providing equal housing opportunity regardless of race, religion or national origin.