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(1829-1837)

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(1829-1837)
Andrew Jackson's presidency is most well known for his signing of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. This act called for the removal of all Native Americans east of the Mississippi River to the western side of the River. The trek that ensued was named the "Trail of Tears" due to the hardships and death the Natives faced while they were being forced to leave by the U.S. Army. He was in support of the rich and of the landowners, and believed that they should be provided more land in order to grow their wealth. He was also known for his opposition of the Second Bank, which was created prior to the War of 1812. It was a controversial subject because many believed it caused the Panic of 1819 and favored Northerners. He believed it to be anti-republican and elitist, and said that no organization should have so much power that it only benefits the elites.

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In order to make room for the people that were immigrating, needing more space for farms, and those who wanted to start a new life, western expansion was essential. A reason for western expansion can be directly linked to Jackson's Indian Removal Act. Since he was in support of the large land owners/plantation owners, he wished for them to have more land, therefore driving the Natives from their land. Getting across the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River was a big step, as it opened up opportunities to gain new resources and create new markets. Advancements in technology were also an essential reason for this because people wouldn't have been able to move to the west without them. Trains, steamboats, and canals were used for human transportation, as well as the transportation of goods to the East.

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Some examples of advancements in technology are roads, canals, steamboats and railroads. These advancements to transportation allowed people and goods to move around the country more quickly and efficiently. Interstate roads, though unusual, allowed states and their major cities to be more connected. Canals linked together western farms with eastern cities. Steamboats made shipping in America faster and cheaper. Lastly, railroads became the most rapid and reliable links between cities. Improvements in transportation quickly changed small towns in the west to big commercial centers for America's economy.

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The majority of African Americans living in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century were enslaved, working as forced laborers on farms in the American South and West. Of the four million black people who lived in the United States in 1850, approximately 3.2 million were enslaved, and about 430,000 were free. Even though slaveowners denied the slaves basic human rights, the slaves still showed their resistance to slavery through different acts of defiance whether it was small scale acts or large scale uprisings. The Upper South and North played huge roles in beginning the abolitionist movement by being the major places where free people of color lived at and showed their resentment towards slavery and the slaveowners.