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Socio-cultural explanation,
NATO-west explanation,
opportunity explanation,
strategic explanation,
Putin's agenda explanation,
Russia's international policy (cooperation).

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Primary evidence from people who lived through annexation, taking care to group by those sympathetic to Russia and otherwise.
Economic data on Crimea and other actors.
Public opinion / political strength in Russia, Ukraine, other nations (especially US).
Military deployment of above countries.
The strategic, economic and political importance of crimea

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Russia, Ukraine; beyond Putin's agenda, Ukrainian groups, international relationships (NATO, EU, US)

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Depends not only on the theory being tested or the research question itself. 1954 or when Ucranian revolutions started? 2013 when movements regarding ethinicy started to be relevant? 1991 when the issue of borders became important?

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Military value of Krimea vs Eastern Ukraine;
Look for local sources;

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Cultural identity
Geopolitics (international relations)
International political economy (access to Black Sea)

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geopolitical: NATO expansion; US-RU competition
domestic (Russia): Putin needs to distract from poor economic/democratic performance
bilateral Russia vs Ukraine: gas issues; government change in Ukraine;
Cultural/military/economic explanations

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Putin's governance regime,
NATO,
Ukraine's political system;
Krimean population (culturally Russian?)

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Euromaidan protests
Crimean referendum in March
Russian soldiers moved in
Ukrainian government commits to fight separatists

NATO
Ukraine
Russia
EU
US
Germany
Eastern Ukrainian separatists

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Depends on what we actually want to explain and what level of analysis
What are the critical junctures?
Options:
- Elections/gov change in Ukraine,
- gas dispute;
-

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NATO expansion threatened Russian influence in the region, causing Putin to act; The EU-Ukraine accession agreement was unpalatable to Russia; Putin required a distraction to pull attention away from domestic issues; Ethnic divisions and histories of resettlement meant that a large group of resåidents of the Ukraine invited and wished for a Russian takeover

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Russia
United States
Ukrainian factions
EU governance
EU member countries individually
NATO

Events:
- May election - 2014
- Agreements with US and EU June

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either the 2014 referendum or when russian troops were moved into ukraine

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Could be many points in time but
2014 referendum appears to be the point at which the majority of key causal events happen. (You could condense everything pre-2014 into the social/cultural state in 2014 - i.e. just take the fact it was a fractious political area with pro-Russian groups as a given)

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Please answer each of these in your groups by adding your response below

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Please answer each of these in your groups by adding your response below