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Handy's four classes of culture are Power, Role, Task and person. This theory can be used to highlight different types of culture and their advantages and disadvantages. Also this theory can be used to consider suitability of different cultures for different types of business and environments. Power Culture: Power culture is a centralised culture focusing on key decision makers. Role Culture: Is a formalised culture with jobs having clear rules and procedures and individuals know their place within the hierarchy. Task Culture: This is where individuals are highly focused on required tasks. Person culture: Individuals have freedom to act independently this can be found in the medical industry with individuals having high levels of specialist expertise.

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Porters five forces is a model that analyses five forces which shape every industry. Porter's Five Forces is a framework for analysing a company's competitive environment and can be used to increase competitive advantage via understanding and improving the five forces which are:
1. Competition in the industry
2. Potential of new entrants into the industry
3. Power of suppliers
4. Power of customers
5. Threat of substitute products
For example airline companies may use this and see the threat to new entries is low as airlines have high start up costs.

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The product life cycle is the amount of time a product spends on the shelves before its taken off. A product life cycle has 4 stages beginning with "Introduction" where the product enters the market to then the next stage "Growth" where the product aims to expand its scale and reach whilst remaining competitive. The third stage is "Maturity" where the product aims for retention to sustain market share leading to the final stage of decline where the product loses market share and consumer interest leading to it to either be resurrected or taken off the shelves. This can be used by Supermarkets to determine when to take a product off the shelves.

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The Boston Matrix method puts each of a firms businesses or products into one of four categories dogs, stars, cash cows and question marks. This method helps to asses which product of business needs to be promoted or discontinued. A question mark has high growth and low market share, a cash cow has low growth high market share, a star has high growth high market share and a dog has low growth and low market share.

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The Ansoff's Matrix is a planning tool used by managers and directors to help create strategies used for future expansion of the business. It can also be used to analyse risk associated with each quadrant. For example apple may use the product development quadrant every year to increase value onto their products within an existing market.