# data[].attributes.body
- Acetylcholine (ACH)-cholinergic
released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings
- Norepinephrine (NE)-adrenergic
released at postganglionic nerve endings
- Epinephrine (EPI)-adrenergic
produced by adrenal medulla
- Dopamine (DA)
precursor to NE

# data[].attributes.body
- Alpha 1
found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins
- Alpha 2
adrenergic nerve ending
- Beta 1
on the heart
- Beta 2
located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

# data[].attributes.headline
End organ responses that occur when stimulated:

# data[].attributes.subject
End organ responses that occur when stimulated:

# data[].attributes.body
- Adrenal Medulla
release of epinephrine
- Arteries
vasoconstriction
- Heart
increased heart rate and AV conduction, increases contractility
- Intestines, GI Motility, and Secretions
decreased
- Postganglionic Neurotransmitter
norepinephrine released
- Pupil of the eye
dialation
- Respiratory Passages (lower)
bronchodilation
- Urinary Bladder
relaxation
- Urinary Sphincter
contraction

# data[].attributes.body
-  Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
alpha-1 receptor is stimulated, contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP, vasoconstriction of nasal passages, decongestant effect

DRUGS:  ephedrine
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

-  Adrenergic Agonists
Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases BP, cardiac stimulant, bronchodilator

DRUGS:  epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

-  Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them, relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP, relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow

DRUGS:  prazosin (Minipress®) terazosin (Hytrin®)
doxazosin (Cardura®)

-  Beta Adrenergic Agonists
Low dose -stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow
Moderate dose- stimulates beta 1 receptors-heart, increases force of contraction and cardiac output High dose- stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction, increase in blood pressure

DRUGS:  dobutamine

- Beta Adrenergic Agonists
stimulates beta 2 receptors, relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs, bronchodilation, relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus

DRUGS:  albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
terbutaline (Brethine®)
formoterol (Foradil®)
salmeterol (Serevent®)

-  Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
beta-1 receptor is blocked (antagonizes beta-1 effects of NE and EPI), decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output, decreases HR (negative chronotropic), decreases conduction (negative dromotropic), decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP

DRUGS:  atenolol (Tenormin®) metoprolol (Lopressor®)

-  Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output, decreases HR (negative chronotropic), decreases conduction (negative dromotropic), decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP, can cause bronchoconstriction

DRUGS:  nadolol (Corgard®) propanolol (Inderal®)
timolol (Blocadren®)

# data[].attributes.body
-  ACH (cholinergic)
NT released at ganglia is ACH (cholinergic)
NT released at postganglionic nerve endings is ACH (cholinergic)

# data[].attributes.body
-  Muscarinic
located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands, at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings
-  Nicotinic 1 (Nn)
at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area)
-  Nicotinic 2 (Nm)
somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

# data[].attributes.headline
End organ responses that occur when stimulated:

# data[].attributes.subject
End organ responses that occur when stimulated:

# data[].attributes.body
- Heart
decreased heart rate and AV conduction, slight decrease in contractility
- Intestines, GI Motility, and Secretions
increased
- Postganglionic Neurotransmitter
acetylcholine is released
- Pupil of the eye
constriction
- Respiratory Passages (lower)
bronchoconstriction
- Urinary Bladder
constriction
- Urinary Sphincter
relaxation

# data[].attributes.body
- Cholinergics / Parasympathomimetics
directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division,  mimics ACH

DRUGS:  acetylcholine
pilocarpine (Pilocar® )
bethanechol (Urecholine®)

- Cholinergics / Parasympathomimetics
inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse, increases ACH

DRUGS:  neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

- Anticholinergics / Parasympatholytics
bind to a cholinergic receptor, acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism

DRUGS:  atropine
dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

# data[].attributes.body
1-DL ANS, part1.pptx
2-DL ANS, part2.pptx