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The Basel Convention Is Poorly Equipped to Deal with POPs Destruction.

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The Basel Convention Is Poorly Equipped to Deal with POPs Destruction.

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1) Format in APA

Basel Action Network (2000). Warning: The Basel Convention Is Poorly Equipped to Deal with POPs Destruction.

Reference: https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/Warning_The_Basel_Convention_Is_Poorly_Equippe.htm

2) The purpose of writing text
The objective of this article is to show the weakness of the Basel Convention based on the law itself.

The Basel convention is known to be made to control the waste movements from a developed country to less developed country. It is made to ensure that no hazardous waste can be moved to other country without proper agreement between those two countries. It has its benefits but it also has it weaknesses.

The author stated some weaknesses of the Basel Convention:

1) Strong on waste movement, weak on disposal. The Basel Convention allow waste disposal solely in accordance of the Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal yet the Basel Convention does not set legally binding destruction obligations, rather it only can offer weak, non-binding disposal guidelines.

2) The Basel Convention was designed for the very specific purpose of regulating transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and was not designed to regulate disposal practices or operations. From here, we can see that even though the movement of the waste between two countries is agreed by both countries using this Basel Convention, the citizen of the less developed countries may be suffering because their country does not have the proper equipment and environment to dispose the waste. The Basel Convention may protect the country from hazardous waste but it still accept waste and waste may give more pollution. The waste may give pollution such as air pollution and water pollution that come from the waste.

3) Tone
Formal

4) Conclusion
Even though Basel Convention is good as it can control the movement of trash between two or more countries, it still has its weaknesses such as what happen after the country receive the trash, how will it be disposed and do the country have the proper equipment and technology to handle it to ensure that it will not pollute the country.

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Basel Action Network (2000). Warning: The Basel Convention Is Poorly Equipped to Deal with POPs Destruction.

Reference: https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/Warning_The_Basel_Convention_Is_Poorly_Equippe.htm

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1) Format in APA
Robin Hicks (2019) . E-waste smuggling ring signals failure of Basel Convention.
https://www.eco-business.com/news/e-waste-smuggling-ring-in-thailand-signals-failure-of-basel-convention/

2) Purpose of writing text
This article objective is to analyse the failure of Basel Convention based on analysis made within on what happened in Thailand that is effected by the implmentation of basel convention in Thailand.

The author explain that the continuity of the ratification of Basel Convention in Thailand where they will stop importing hazardous waste from other countries starting August 2018 only make things worse, where companies started illegally importing e-waste goods into Thailand such as Virogreen.

The author stated three main failure of the Basel Convention.

1) Playing by the rules?
The author thinks that even though the basel convention will block any transboundary hazardous waste, but in the end it will effect the developing countries where the developed countries will at last export their waste to the developing country.

2)Flawed framework
The author citated from an expert Dr Martin Blake, commented that The basel convention framework left a hole where it just blocked wasted import, with no "plan B" for where the waste should go then.

3)Finding a fix
The author continue citated from what Dr Blake said, where a solution could be regional recycling centres that serves numerous countries such as Singapore, but with that ratification of Basel Convention it limits the transboundary movement of e-waste so it would be a big problem regarding e-waste.

3)Tone
Persuassive

4) Conclusion
Even though many people are celebrating the Basel convention on the good sides, the fact that the Basel Convention has its own flaws and will give impact towards a more hazardous effect cannot be deniable as Dr. Martin Blake, strategic advisor of Blue Planet Environmental Solutions said "People are celebrating Thailand banning waste imports. But it’s not really good news. That waste will simply go somewhere else."

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1) Format in APA
Isa, Hafiz. (2012). Implementation of Basel Convention in Malaysia.

2) Purpose of writing text
This research paper focuses on four things which is the explanation of Basel Convention(BC), implementation of BC in Malaysia, issues in implementination of Convention in Malaysia and future direction of in implementation of Basel Convention in Malaysia.

First thing first, the author explain the basel convention by discussing the objective of the convention. In this part also, the author included the past waste trading that have been done between several countries around the world. The objectives of Basel Convention is to minimize the generation of hazardous waste, dispose the hazardous wastes as close to the source as possible and to reduce the movement of hazardous waste.
Also, there are 3 key points to basel convention which are Prior Informed Consent, illegal traffic and bilateral and multilateral aggrements. From the findings, the volume of hazardous waste handling does not change in Malaysia. However, it does increased by years.

There are 5 issues of implementation of Basel convention which are Malaysia is a strategic location that connects two continent, identification of waste, handling the waste, economic advantage of mismanagement of hazardous waste and the most major challenge is management of hazardous waste in the illegal dumping.

There are several points for future development which are department can reduce the incompliance of environmental cases, improve the management of hazardous waste in Malaysia by strengthtening the enforcement, development of environmental forensic facilities and capabilities and deals with the improvement of auditing system.

3) Tone
Formal

4)  Conclusion
Reasonable Inteference:
Basel Convention is mainly focused on transporting the waste rather than dealing with the waste itself. Especially hazardous waste, Malaysia still does not have a strong enforcement that can deal with them.
Logical Inteference
Basel Convention is not proven to be effective on dealing with waste.

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Strong on waste movement , weak over disposal.

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Strong on waste movement , weak over disposal.

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1) Format in APA
Roe Heong , 2019. The Garbage Migration. (Unreserved Media).

Reference:https://www.unreservedmedia.com/the-great-garbage-migration/

2)Purpose of writing text
the Basel Convention has been reducing and restricting the transboundary movement of hazardous waste. The weak control based on prior informed a very consent which means waste-producing countries could still legally pay poorer countries to accept toxic waste, avoiding waste reduction while turning the trash into a commodity. In addition, multi-millions of non-biodegradable cannot be discarded , where their own disposal also cannot be reduced in time because of the added waste from other country.
G7 nations’ impressive waste collection schedule disguises the reality that if these countries were to manage and contain their own plastic waste, processing it would cost significantly more. Therefore, 95% of plastic waste collected in the European Union and 70% in the US were sold to China where they are repurposed by plastic manufacturers, making plastic waste the new commodity.

Poor waste management standards in developing nations especially East Asia and Pacific countries accounted for 60% of global mismanaged plastic waste in 2010 with China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam contributing 7-13kg of marine plastic waste per person.

3) Tone
Persuasive
4) Conclusion
A perspective of how the movement made by a country that waste-produce and using the Basel Convention to trade their waste to a poorer country with a pay in which the waste is not disposed in proper way.

Indonesian officials check one of the 49 containers loaded with garbage in Batam Island. Photo: Andaru / AFP