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Water scarcity means lack of water in availability due to physical shortage, or scarcity in access due  to a lack of adequate infrastructure.

Water scarcity already affects every continent. Water use has been growing globally at more than twice the rate of population increment in the last century, and an increasing number of regions are reaching the limit at which water services can be sustainably delivered, especially in arid regions.

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500,000 million people live in regions where humans consume water at twice it’s replaced by rainwater. 842,000 people die every year from diseases caused by consuming unsafe drinking water or unsufficient sanitation practices. 1 out of 4 deaths of children under the age of five are the result of water-related illness. 80% of the illnesses in developing countries result from unhealthy water and/or sanitation systems.

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Different terms are used to describe different types of water scarcity:

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A water shortage is when there is not enough water to meet demands. Changes in the weather, such as drought can cause water shortage.

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Water stress is the difficulty of finding sources of fresh water for use.

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A water crisis is a situation where the available supply of potable, clean water within an area is less than the demand for it.

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The main causes of water scarcity are climate change, water pollution, agriculture, unsustainable energy production and global population growth.

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Rising temperatures are causing more evaporation and more demand for water by agriculture and natural ecosystems and droughts are becoming more severe under the influence of climate change. It also melts glaciers and makes another source of drinkable water unavailable.

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Water sources are contaminated by pesticides, fertilizers, industrial waste, and human wastewater.

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Industrial agriculture currently uses a 70 percent of the globe’s available freshwater - and then wastes 60 percent as a result of poor irrigation and application methods.

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Unsustainable energy production includes coal-fired electric plants, the operation of which consumes tremendous amounts of water.

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The rise in population leads to higher demand of water for domestic, industrial and agricultural needs and also evacuation for waste materials.

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People are resolving to reduce water scarcity by developing water filtration system, promoting water stewardship, protecting wetlands, improving irrigation efficiency, increasing water storage in reservoirs, and desalinating seawater.

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Effective water filtration systems help ensure freshwater can be put to good use. Water filtration systems produce purified water free from bacteria, microbes, and other contaminants, and bringing this clean drinking water to as many schools, hospitals, workplaces, and homes as possible.

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Promoting water stewardship means taking shorter showers, installing low-flow toilets, collecting rainwater for garden use at home, and reusing gray water  or investing in sustainable energy and water reduction initiatives.

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Wetlands have a big role in collecting and purifying water, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. An international treaty called the Ramsar Convention has helped protect more than 2,000 wetlands.

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Simply switching from flood irrigation systems to sprinklers or drip irrigation systems could help the agricultural sector save a tremendous amount of water.

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By expanding the capacity of reservoirs we can capture and store floodwater, to prevent its loss to the ocean, where it becomes salinated and more difficult to treat. This stored water can be used to provide water during times of drought.

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The process of desalinating seawater involves converting salty water into freshwater suitable for drinking, cooking, bathing, and more. Researchers say that these new technologies would make a big impact when we talk about reducing water scarcity. The only problem is that these systems require a lot of energy.

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Waterlogic

UN Water

Before the flood

World bank

Claro energy

Kiddle