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What I have learned from the class (level 15)

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What I have learned from the class (level 15)

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Though I had no idea what the class would be about when I first joined, I have learned so much about media, and films, too advertisements and TV, and everything in between. The terms that I've learned has made my vocabulary twice as large and there are many things that I can say I actually know of now. It has been a tremendous help in terms of how the class is set up and how consistent the sets were.

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The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on the international level. The term is very straight forward and easy to understand, it's not a very outlandish concept anymore for a company to globalize.

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This term describes the middle class, including, merchants, industrialists, and professional people. This is a term I would heard actually quite often outside of class but I never really understood what it meant. Now that I know I think I could describe a good amount of people with the term Bourgeoisie.

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The Communicators: Universal Service Fund

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The principle that everyone should have access to basic telecommunications services.  The figures that contribute to the services are telecommunications carriers, wireline and wireless companies, and interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) providers, including cable companies that provide voice services .

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The Communicators: Universal Service Fund

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To put it simply it is the restriction on access to ideas and information. To put it not so simply Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet performed by regulators, or on their own initiative. A group who was known for exposing the truth was Anonymous- a hacking group.

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Libel is the written defamation of a person’s character, reputation, business, or property rights. Libel can be found more than slander on facebook posts according to some websites.

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The idea that the goal of society should be to bring happiness for the greatest number of people in a society. I disagree with this completely because I don't think the happiness that others find would be the same thing for me, and it really gets rid of the concept of individualism.

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The rules people have created as a result of cultural values and norms. Though I think some people in this world tend to lack morals, others do seem to stick to their own moral code. Morals are different for everybody and each person might have things they value more culturally.

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The legal exaggeration of praise, that stops just short of deception, lavished on a product. For example I went to a crab sandwich place that had their clam chowder advertised as "warning, our clam chowder is addictive". Which was pretty valid in my opnion.

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Puffery Advertising Example: Why Claiming to be "the world's best" is OK

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Public relations can be seen in the news and articles online, but one of the biggest forms of relatively free PR is social media. When big brands use apps like Instagram and Twitter and even Youtube. Even politicians use the apps frequently in order to generate PR.

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Bachelor of Communication (Public Relations)

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The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, it especially uses figures of speech and other compositional techniques in order or in hopes of persuading someone to form an opinion. Rhetoric examples can be found everywhere, especially in political speech's and apology videos.

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Gowdy: What has Harris done to settle border crisis?

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A short personalized message that highlights and outlines the value of a story and usually explaining why it should be published, they tend to not be too lengthy with a 150 word minimum usually, but they can range up to a 400 word count. Having a good pitch is important when it comes to grabbing somebody's attention. A concise and intriguing pitch is going to be the thing that attracts attention and buyers for the person who is pitching their product or idea.

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What is a Sales Pitch? - Sales Pitch Ideas, Definition & Examples | Pipedrive

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I am glad the article we read pointed out how easily influenced young people are when buying products. I can definitely say that as I have gotten older, I often find myself asking if I really should purchase simple things like food or certain clothes, and all in all my spending habits all together. I really wish I could save all my money but it is very difficult when you have so many advertisements persuading you towards their product.

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This is an ad hidden in the appearance of genuine editorial content, usually in magazines and newspapers. I actually had no idea what this term was prior to this unit but once described I could think of many real life examples where I've seen a headline thinking it was news and in reality it was simply an advert.

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This is an advertisement that features two or more brands (but non competing) and their products and advertises them in their respective markets. This can be seen with game consoles and video game developers or even food brands. Many super bowl ads actually feature this as well.

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The website predicted that trust in journalism will slowly rise through out time. I personally disagree with this statement completely. If anything I think people are going to stop believe public media altogether. When someone talks about a new source, there is always one other person who claims that source to have bad information, unfortunately I do not think there is anyway to avoid this. People now a days are just to skeptical of everything and until the older generations pass and we're in a more technologically advanced era, then maybe people will confide more in Journalism.

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How to restore trust in Journalism | Ann Curry | TEDxPortland

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I didn't even consider the fact that news papers must place advertisements first in order to have more space for their actual new stories they want to publicize. With online news media, I don't believe this would be as big as an issue. Since online you can scroll however long you want I don't think they would have to place the ads before giving the headline. In fact most of the time when there is advertisements on online news sites all the ads are in the side columns and out of the way.

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This is the way an issue is shown; the way an issue is framed can drastically affect decisions and judgments. I think almost everybody can understand how people will have bias and frame things on social media in a certain manner so that they can have people agree with their judgements and opinions. Apps like twitter are hotspots for examples of framing issues in biased ways.

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Something that was mentioned this week is that the younger the person using social media, the harder it is for them to stop. Meaning young people are more prone to media addiction compared to people who are older. Why? Well this ties back to why the younger generation is more hip with technology in general, we have grown up with it almost our entire lives, so when you tell a person to stop using something that love and clutch onto more than anything else, it probably will be more difficult than you think.

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How Social Media killing You ? | Social media addiction | Faq School

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Lurking is when people go on your profile and scroll through all of your social media posts, but don't say anything about it, let alone like or comment. A good way to tell when someone is lurking is when they mistakenly like your post, you will get the notification no matter what. So when you check the app and see that they have un-liked the post and or you can't seem to find the notification anymore, you know that they were lurking and made a mistake. A good way to prevent online lurkers all together is to set your profile to private, so that if they want to see your posts they must request too follow first.

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Spam is something almost everyone gets, whether it be in the form of an unsolicited email or text, or even someone calling your phone number. I think spam ties directly with the article we read this level because a lot of reasons you receive spam is because of the social media privacy mistakes you make. Even being public on Instagram will make you vulnerable to potential spam bots who are trying to get you to click on links they send you, or put on their profile so they can take over your account and get your information. I've seen it happen to many younger kids today.

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How to Block Spam Emails on Microsoft Outlook

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Commonly seen as display screens that are interactive too the touch by commands initiated by your finger or a stylus device. The first one's ever seen used to be on ATM's which had an interactive display, similar to early phones and computers that would be invented later on. Today almost every device that is hand held will have a touch screen and it is actually quite rare to see any buttons on the actual device anymore. Absolutely revolutionary compared to the first computers that could only do math, now we all hold those sorts of devices in our pockets!

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Along with videogames progressing so are the people who play them. Mods are modifications that are imported from outside of a game's programming, in order to manipulate game environments and actual game play. The people who usually create them are users and or amateur developers. Many popular games today are modded such as Minecraft, Gta, and virtually every game, (especially Gary's mod).

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Videogames (changing the term) (level 8)

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Videogames (changing the term) (level 8)

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This is something that was talked about in the article this module and it makes quite the fair point. With technology advancing continuously it is only natural that so would video games, and many videogames have went from 1-2 people gameplay, too an infinite amount of lobbies and server space. Social activities have also started to be incorporated into video games and some games are having more in-person actions involved (Pokemon go and among us).

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The Early Days

Though video games are found today in homes worldwide, they actually got their start in the research labs of scientists.

In 1952, for instance, British professor A.S. Douglas created OXO, also known as noughts and crosses or a tic-tac-toe, as part of his doctoral dissertation at the University of Cambridge. And in 1958, William Higinbotham created Tennis for Two on a large analog computer and connected oscilloscope screen for the annual visitor's day at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York.

In 1962, Steve Russell at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology invented Spacewar!, a computer-based space combat video game for the PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1), then a cutting-edge computer mostly found at universities. It was the first video game that could be played on multiple computer installations.

Dawn of the Home Console

In 1967, developers at Sanders Associates, Inc., led by Ralph Baer, invented a prototype multiplayer, multi-program video game system that could be played on a television. It was known as "The Brown Box."

Baer, who's sometimes referred to as Father of Video Games, licensed his device to Magnavox, which sold the system to consumers as the Odyssey, the first video game home console, in 1972. Over the next few years, the primitive Odyssey console would commercially fizzle and die out.

Yet, one of the Odyssey's 28 games was the inspiration for Atari's Pong, the first arcade video game, which the company released in 1972. In 1975, Atari released a home version of Pong, which was as successful as its arcade counterpart.

Magnavox, along with Sanders Associates, would eventually sue Atari for copyright infringement. Atari settled and became an Odyssey licensee; over the next 20 years, Magnavox went on to win more than $100 million in copyright lawsuits related to the Odyssey and its video game patents.

In 1977, Atari released the Atari 2600 (also known as the Video Computer System), a home console that featured joysticks and interchangeable game cartridges that played multi-colored games, effectively kicking off the second generation of the video game consoles.

The video game industry had a few notable milestones in the late 1970s and early 1980s, including:

The release of the Space Invaders arcade game in 1978

The launch of Activision, the first third-party game developer (which develops software without making consoles or arcade cabinets), in 1979

The introduction to the United States of Japan's hugely popular Pac-Man

Nintendo's creation of Donkey Kong, which introduced the world to the character Mario

Microsoft's release of its first Flight Simulator game

The Video Game Crash

In 1983, the North American video game industry experienced a major "crash" due to a number of factors, including an oversaturated game console market, competition from computer gaming, and a surplus of over-hyped, low-quality games, such as the infamous E.T., an Atari game based on the eponymous movie and often considered the worst game ever created.

Lasting a couple of years, the crash led to the bankruptcy of several home computer and video game console companies.

The video game home industry began to recover in 1985 when the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), called Famicom in Japan, came to the United States. The NES had improved 8-bit graphics, colors, sound and gameplay over previous consoles.

Nintendo, a Japanese company that began as a playing card manufacturer in 1889, released a number of important video game franchises still around today, such as Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda, and Metroid.

Additionally, Nintendo imposed various regulations on third-party games developed for its system, helping to combat rushed, low-quality software. Third-party developers released many other long-lasting franchises, such as Capcom's Mega Man, Konami's Castlevania, Square's Final Fantasy, and Enix's Dragon Quest (Square and Enix would later merge to form Square Enix in 2003).

In 1989, Nintendo made waves again by popularizing handheld gaming with the release of its 8-bit Game Boy video game device and the often-bundled game Tetris. Over the next 25 years, Nintendo would release a number of successful successors to the Game Boy, including the Game Boy color in 1998, Nintendo DS in 2004, and Nintendo 3DS in 2011.

The First Console War

Also in 1989, Sega released its 16-bit Genesis console in North America as a successor to its 1986 Sega Master System, which failed to adequately compete against the NES.

With its technological superiority to the NES, clever marketing, and the 1991 release of the Sonic the Hedgehog game, the Genesis made significant headway against its older rival. In 1991, Nintendo released its 16-bit Super NES console in North America, launching the first real "console war."

The early- to mid-1990s saw the release of a wealth of popular games on both consoles, including new franchises such as Street Fighter II and Mortal Kombat, a fighting game that depicted blood and gore on the Genesis version of the game.

In response to the violent game (as well as congressional hearings about violent video games), Sega created the Videogame Rating Council in 1993 to provide descriptive labeling for every game sold on a Sega home console. The council later gives rise to the industry-wide Entertainment Software Rating Board, which is still used today to rate video games based on content.

In the mid-1990s, video games leaped to the Big Screen with the release of the Super Mario Bros. live-action movie in 1993, followed by Street Fighter and Mortal Kombat over the next two years. Numerous movies based on video games have been released since.

With a much larger library of games, lower price point, and successful marketing, the Genesis had leapfrogged ahead of the SNES in North America by this time. But Sega was unable to find similar success in Japan.

The Rise of 3D Gaming

With a leap in computer technology, the fifth generation of video games ushered in the three-dimensional era of gaming.

In 1995, Sega released in North America its Saturn system, the first 32-bit console that played games on CDs rather than cartridges, five months ahead of schedule. This move was to beat Sony's first foray into video games, the Playstation, which sold for $100 less than the Saturn when it launched later that year. The following year, Nintendo released its cartridge-based 64-bit system, the Nintendo 64.

Though Sega and Nintendo each released their fair share of highly-rated, on-brand 3D titles, such as Virtua Fighter on the Saturn and Super Mario 64 on the Nintendo 64, the established video game companies couldn't compete with Sony's strong third-party support, which helped the Playstation secure numerous exclusive titles.

Simply put: Sony dominated the video game market and would continue to do so into the next generation. In fact, the Playstation 2, released in 2000 and able to play original Playstation games, would become the best-selling game console of all time.

The Playstation 2, which was the first console that used DVDs, went up against the Sega Dreamcast (released in 1999), the Nintendo Gamecube (2001), and Microsoft's Xbox (2001).

The Dreamcast-considered by many to be ahead of its time and one of the greatest consoles ever made for several reasons, including its capability for online gaming-was a commercial flop that ended Sega's console efforts. Sega pulled the plug on the system in 2001, becoming a third-party software company henceforth.

Modern Age of Gaming

In 2005 and 2006, Microsoft's Xbox 360, Sony's Playstation 3, and Nintendo's Wii kicked off the modern age of high-definition gaming. Though the Playstation 3-the only system at the time to play Blu-rays-was successful in its own right, Sony, for the first time, faced stiff competition from its rivals.

The Xbox 360, which had similar graphics capabilities to the Playstation 3, was lauded for its online gaming ecosystem and won far more Game Critics Awards than the other platforms in 2007; it also featured the Microsoft Kinect, a state-of-the-art motion capture system that offered a different way to play video games (though the Kinect never caught on with core gamers or game developers).

And despite being technologically inferior to the other two systems, the Wii trounced its competition in sales. Its motion-sensitive remotes made gaming more active than ever before, helping it appeal to a much larger slice of the general public, including people in retirement homes.

Towards the end of the decade and beginning of the next, video games spread to social media platforms like Facebook and mobile devices like the iPhone, reaching a more casual gaming audience. Rovio, the company behind the Angry Birds mobile device game (and, later Angry Birds animated movie), reportedly made a whopping $200 million in 2012.

In 2011, Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure brought video games into the physical world. The game required players to place plastic toy figures (sold separately) onto an accessory, which reads the toys' NFC tags to bring the characters into the game. The next few years would see several sequels and other toy-video game hybrids, such as Disney Infinity, which features Disney characters.

The 8th generation of video games began with the release of Nintendo's Wii U in 2012, followed by the Playstation 4 and Xbox One in 2013. Despite featuring a touch screen remote control that allowed off-TV gaming and being able to play Wii games, the Wii U was a commercial failure-the opposite of its competition-and was discontinued in 2017.

In early 2017, Nintendo released its Wii U successor, the Nintendo Switch, the only system to allow both television-based and handheld gaming. Microsoft released its 4K-ready console, the Xbox One X, in late 2017, and followed up in 2020 with the Xbox Series X and Series S. In 2020, Sony released the Playstation 5, a successor to Playstation 4.

With their new revamped consoles, both Sony and Microsoft currently have their sights set on virtual reality gaming, a technology that has the potential to change the way players experience video games.

Sources

'Spacewar!' The story of the world's first digital video game. The Verge.
The First Video Game? BNL.
The Brown Box, 1967-68. Smithsonian.
Inventor Ralph Baer, The 'Father Of Video Games,' Dies At 92. NPR.
The Video Game Revolution. PBS.
Video Game History Timeline. Museum of Play.
The Surprisingly Long History of Nintendo. Gizmodo.
How Tetris Helped Game Boy Take Over the World. Gizmodo.
How Sonic Helped Sega Win the Early 90s Console Wars. Kotaku.
Sega and Nintendo Console War: Greatest Moments. Prima Games.
Angry Birds Maker Rovio Reports $200 Million In Revenue, $71 Million In Profit For 2012. Business Insider.
Here's who won each console war. Venturebeat.
The History Of Gaming: An Evolving Community. TechCrunch.
The History of Video Game Consoles. TIME.

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Though video games are found today in homes worldwide, they actually got their start in the research labs of scientists early 1950s. Academics designed simple games, like tic-tac-toe and tennis for two, as part of their research or for fun on the side.

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Nickelodeon were the first movie houses; admission was only one nickel. That’s insane to think about when now we have twelve dollar tickets as our regular price. Not only that the name nickelodeon immediately reminded me of the television network for kids that I watched in my childhood, Nickelodeon.

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The wide screen process that uses three cameras, three projectors, and a wide curved screen. It is quite interesting to imagine watching movies in such a panoramic display, and nothing like the theaters we have now. I imagine it would be somewhat similar to experience at the exploratorium we have today since both utilize dome shaped roofs.

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I had no idea what actualities were before this unit to be completely frank. To put it simply actualities were early films that documented simple everyday events. Though people became bored of it quickly, it’s crazy to think about how it even drew attention in the first place, and when you compare it to the things we have today for films, the thought that people watched actualities is quite bewildering.

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Role:acted, some editing
Strengths: filters were cool, the quality was good, music complimented the film...
Weaknesses:the costumes (or rather lack there of) did not fit the time period in which actualities were intended to replicate...

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Payola is basically payed advertisement but instead it was used to secure your time over others on radio programmer stations. This can still be seen today but instead it is now payed advertisements on Spotify and other media platforms that millions of people use everyday. Artists will use it to promote their songs and company's will use it to promote their products online. Back then it was just so your song was played or favorited more than others on the radio station.

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1950s Payola Scandal - Decades TV Network

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Developed by Emile Berliner, the invention used a flat disc rather than a cylinder record its sound. This one reminds me a bit more of record players in the way that it utilizes a flat disc to play it's sounds. This invention would lead to many companies designing different types of records or discs that would play at different levels. I have also seen it in many films that took place in older time eras.

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An invention that frankly I had no idea existed was the phonograph which played recording of sound on tinfoil-coated cylinders. Today we have the modern day version of it called the record player. At the time of it's invention it was revolutionary and it was the key to open the door to many technologies developed after the idea of it, and surpassing it in means of capabilities.