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753 BCE
According to legend, Ancient Rome was founded by the two brothers and demigods, Romulus and Remus, on 21 April 753 BCE. The legend claims that in an argument over who would rule the city. Romulus killed Remus and named the city after himself.

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753BCE

The development of civilization is affected by geography. Rome did not jump into being as a power on the Italian peninsula. It began as a small village along the Tiber River. Rome was founded on seven hills on the volcanic west coast of Italy. It was an ideal location, with the seven hills offering a natural defensive barrier. The Tiber River gave these early settlers access to freshwater for drinking and bathing and a waterway for trade and food to eat. On the other side of the Tiber River, the flatland was perfect for farmland. The soil was suitable so that crops could be grown quickly. Rome was shielded by two mountain ranges, the Alps and the Apennines. The Apennines cut the Italian peninsula in half, giving Rome needed protection, especially in the early days when Rome was growing and developing an army. Rome's location had many geographic advantages that helped it grow and become powerful.

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600 BCE-400 AD

The Roman believed in lots of gods. There were gods for just about everything. The Romans even took on many of the people's gods they conquered. They adopted much of the Greek.
Mythology into its own. The Romans took almost all the Greek gods, gave them Roman names, and then called them their own. Since the Roman had many gods and the Christians believed in just one true God,  the Roman Empire. There were many temples in Rome and throughout the Roman Empire. They were generally built for a single god and had a statue of God at the center.

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509BCE- 27BCE

The first was the Roman Republic which lasted from 509 BCE to 27 BCE. During that period, there was not a single leader in Rome. The elected representatives were in charge of the government. The second period was the Roman Empire, between 27 BCE and 476 AD (Western Roman Empire). During this period, the government was under the rule of an emperor. When the Roman Republic was in power, the leaders of the Roman government were diplomats. They had two ambassadors simultaneously, and they only served for one year. The fall of the Roman Republic began in 59 BCE with a partnership between three powerful Roman politicians: Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Marcus Licinius Crassus. It was known as the First Triumvirate. These three men were the leaders of Rome. However, when Crassus died in action in 53 BCE, Pompey turned against Cesar, becoming enemies.

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264 BCE to 146 BCE

The Ancient Romans fought many battles and wars to expand and protect their Empire. There were also civil wars where Romans fought Romans to gain power. The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BCE to 146 BCE. There were three major parts of the Punic wars, and they were fought for more than 100 years. First Punic War (264 - 241 BCE), Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE), and Third Punic War (149 - 146 BCE):
Rome won all three of these wars, allowing the Romans to dominate the Mediterranean region, which Carthage had previously controlled. Before the conflict, Carthage had grown from a small port-of-call to the wealthiest and most powerful city in the Mediterranean region before 260 BCE. She had a powerful navy, a mercenary army, and, through tribute, tariffs, and trade, enough wealth to do as she pleased.

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240 BCE

The history of Roman literature begins around 240 BCE. It reached its "Golden Age" during the rule of Augustus and the early part of the Roman Empire. The Romans wrote a lot of Poetry and Literature. Latin was the primary language for writing during Ancient Rome. Important documents were written on Papyrus scrolls or Parchment. For more day-to-day writing, they used a wax tablet or thin pieces of wood.

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Rome became an empire, and Augustus became its first emperor

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Rome became an empire, and Augustus became its first emperor

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27 BCE to 476 AD

Ancient Rome had two significant periods of history. The first was the Roman Republic which lasted from 509 BC to 27 BCE During this time, there was no single leader in Rome. Elected officials ran the government. The second period was the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 BCE to 476 AD (Western Roman Empire). During this time, the government was led by an emperor. Octavian was now the most powerful man in all of Rome. In 27 BCE, he was named "Augustus" and became the first Emperor of Rome. This marked the beginning of the Roman Empire. The first period of the Roman Empire was one of the most prosperous times in Ancient Rome. The Empire expanded to cover its largest expanse, and Rome became wealthy.

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285 AD

Trade Routes and Currency Help the Romans Build a Stronger Empire. The Romans knew how to conquer new territory. However, it takes more than armies and fighting to keep an empire. An empire also needs a stable economy to feed its people, provide necessary goods and luxuries, and pay for its armies and government. Trade also brought valuable goods from outside the Empire. Caravans brought goods to busy port cities on the Mediterranean. From Africa came gold, incense, ivory, and luxuries such as ostrich eggs. Indian spices, Chinese silk, and other goods traveled across Asia by land to cities like Antioch in Syria. From there, they were shipped to Rome.

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117 AD

Trade Routes and Currency Help the Romans Build a Stronger Empire. The Romans knew how to conquer new territory. However, it takes more than armies and fighting to keep an empire. An empire also needs a stable economy to feed its people, provide necessary goods and luxuries, and pay for its armies and government. Trade also brought valuable goods from outside the Empire. Caravans brought goods to busy port cities on the Mediterranean. From Africa came gold, incense, ivory, and luxuries such as ostrich eggs. Indian spices, Chinese silk, and other goods traveled across Asia by land to cities like Antioch in Syria. From there, they were shipped to Rome.

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375 AD

The Western Roman Empire is complicated and multifaceted, but the death blow is precise. The "barbarians" tribes rampaged across the Western Empire, sacking Rome several times. One of the most iconic foreign invaders is Attila the Hun. Attila and his army swept into Europe. Forced into the Western Roman Empire by the Huns, the Visigoths soon invaded Italy. Around the same time, the Vandals invaded Gaul and then Spain. After the emperor gave up the throne, the Western Roman Empire was broken up into many Germanic kingdoms, and the Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire. The Roman Empire was over.