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Since we have evidence that we learn from our senses, we must then trust our senses to tell us the truth. Every single thing that humans know is a product of our senses. What things smell like, what people are pretty, what art is moving, what situations are sad, and more are all guided by our feelings and experiences. We are sad about things because of what we have experienced in life. We know what we do from our senses, and if we cannot trust our senses, then we cannot trust anything.

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Everyone's different experiences shape their truths, which even Descartes agrees with, (Descartes.pdf Class Slides 3/1). But if we tried to rationalize everything, no one would ever agree because their views, perspectives, and truths are all different, humans usually cannot come to a consensus on issues. If we were to rationalize and find the truth, and that worked, the world would all agree on every issue. But our truths are guided by what we have experienced, and therefore "most beliefs are valid because they work for us," (Hume/Kant Case Studies Class Slides 3/9). Humans believe what they do because our senses tell us what is true and because our senses all tell us different things, we will have different truths.

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Similarly, Locke says that because babies are born with no innate ideas and are completely formed by their senses and experiences, we must learn from our senses. We know that something is true because that is what our senses tell us, and we must trust our senses because evidence points to learning from our senses, not from being skeptic of everything around us, (John Locke-Philosophy of Knowledge Class Slides 3/1).

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As someone who was living through the "Age of Reason" and therefore more secular thought, Hume believed that perception tells us what is true and "trying to rationalize is maddening," (Hume/Kant Case Studies Class Slides 3/9).

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This supports the idea that some rationalization is necessary. It is rational to look at some facts and as a society come together to agree that those ideas are the truth. Without it, how would we argue ethical issues about global warming or about how to deal with people who have gone through traumatic events, because we would not agree that our brains work similarly or that our senses are the same. If we did not agree that we all even had opinions, that would lead to ideas that one person is correct about everything they think and everyone else's "opinions" therefore must be wrong.

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I agree that humans are pushed more by passion than be reason. If you are able to connect to someone's personal life, either their childhood or a particularly hard time, you are able to open them up and make them feel for the issue that you care about. Additionally, people usually argue about things that they are passionate about. What would the point be to arguing about something you are uninterested in or do not care about. This supports that we are driven by passion not reason, which leads to the fact that we will then be swayed if we are told or shown something that can allow us to be sensitive and open up. This fact is important because if humans found the truth through reason and rationalization completely, they not only would not be swayed by an emotional reasoning, but they also would not be pushed to argue about almost anything, unless they found it so inherently obvious that they were frustrated by the fact that others did not agree--although being frustrated is a passionate feeling.

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Hume also believed that we are driven more by passion than by reason. This defends the case that our experiences shape us, because what people are passionate about is entirely shaped by their life experience and perception, (Hume/Kant Case Studies Class Slides 3/9).

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Hume shares the idea that there are some truths that are "discoverable by 'operation of thought,'" (Hume/Kant Case Studies Class Slides 3/9). He says that you do not quite need to understand them, just to know that they are true. Additionally, he believes that there are matters of fact, where "something is true, but denials of it are not inconceivable," (Hume/Kant Case Studies Class Slides 3/9). In class, we described some of those necessary truths as being a conscious being, that we have senses, that we all have opinions, and more. Also, we found some matters of fact to be that God is real, everyone's conscious or senses are the same, global warming is real, etc.

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There is no reason why people would be born racist or with some opinions that oppress others. Racism, sexism, homophobia, and many other oppressive ideas all come from the environment people are surrounded in, which proves that we learn from our senses. Many people do not think that they are racist or sexist, yet a woman or a person of color might disagree because they see the inherent ways that people hold stereotypes taught to them by society, without them even knowing, and they subconsciously believe their senses and follow these stereotypes when they might not even understand. The education they get, the people they are surrounded by (and therefore those people's experiences), their parents opinions, and other environmental situations shape the way that children, and adults, think and see the world. When a white person is raised in a house with racist parents and friends who are all white, and therefore do not have the same experiences as people of color do, their perspective is shaped to hold stereotypes about people different than themselves.

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Locke is famously an empiricist. He cites evidence such as babies having a blank slate when they are born as one of the main reasons we know we learn from our senses. Children watch and hear adults, and then learn to speak, walk, etc, (John Locke-Philosophy of Knowledge Class Slides 3/1).

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Truth is based on individual experiences and is personal. We know what is true through what our senses tell us.

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The only true way to acquire knowledge is through empiricism but with some rational tactics. If we cannot trust our senses, we cannot trust anything, but without a set of commonly understood beliefs, people would not have a starting ground to philosophize and ask bigger questions.

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What is truth? How do we know what is true? 

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What is truth? How do we know what is true? 