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The theme of my analysis is on obesity, and in addition to it the focus on the hidden and not so consequences that being obese has and the very negative depictions our culture has on obesity visually. We define visual culture as reflects expressions by people that describes the characteristics/theme as a whole. Our class often refers to stereotypes that people make for a group of people as a whole, and our readings explain that it is perfectly normal for society to make assumptions. For my topic and theme I chosen to do it on the hidden consequences of obesity.  Society has given obesity a very negative image, when we think of obesity we think of overweight, fat many times what comes to my mind are negative images of body fat. Its really easy to create negative stereotypes and assumptions on those who are obese based on their physical appearance, according to Nicholas Mizeroff "We render what we see and understand on screens that go everywhere with us." Society has a negative depiction on those who are obese, and choose to apply that depiction to those who they see are obese. I wanted to focus on the secondary or more hidden costs of being overweight, these consequences are often giving by the general public. Obesity has been a interest to me because one of my goals everyday is to become a better person than I was yesterday, and with the interest of self improvement it has always been a interest to me to study obesity.

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In addition to physical health impacts there are also mental health impacts of obesity, such as according to Health Impacts of Obesity there is a association between obesity discrimination and mental disorders. Many of this can be caused by the visuals of being obese. "These disorders can be lowered self esteem, mood disorders, motivational disorders, impaired body image and other issues that affect the quality of life. Discrimination can also lead to more more psychological behaviors that repeat in a vicious cycle such as overeating. " Studies have shown that obesity has an association among men and women in a decrease in quality of sexual health as well. Studies shown that obese individuals according to the Health impacts of Obesity show that Obese individuals attribute the decrease in quality of sexual health to their weight. Additionally those who are obese also attribute their appearance and weight to difficulties during sexual activities.  Where sexual satisfaction, unintended pregnancy and abortions have been relevant issues correlated with obesity.

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I wanted to start with the health impacts of obesity. We will start with the most obvious the physical health impacts which according to Health impacts of Obesity obesity can cause cancer, diabetes, heart failure, asthma, chronic back pain, and leads to over three million deaths world wide annual. Studies have confirmed that there is a strong correlation between major health problems that decrease life expectancy and obesity. Studies have also shown that obesity is most prevalent as a issue in minority populations. Many issues may also include poor physical health, poor physical performance and simply.

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Another consequence I wanted to talk about is the social consequence that obesity contains. Studies have shown that the overweight stigma has a bad visual representation, as obese individuals can at many times be ridiculed by the public. As humans we are instinctively designed and it is in our genetics to create assumptions and judge by appearance, and towards people who are obese this is no exception. Society gives those who are obese a bad reputation, and some may negatively associate those who are obese with the terms lazy, unmotivated, unattractive. This may cause one to suffer from discrimination, bias, rejection and humiliation according to Impacts of Obesity.

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Sources:

Djalalinia, S., Qorbani, M., Peykari, N., & Kelishadi, R. (2015). Health impacts of Obesity. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 31(1), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.311.7033 I chose to use this article because it gave a overview on health issues that may arise with obesity. It started as a good foundation as the overview of my project was to describe the issues concerning obesity in the United States. I thought this would be a good start. From this article I was able to set a foundation to my topic by describing the health impacts of obesity, and mental health impacts, the article was able to also give me associations between obesity and health conditions such as chronic back pain.

Ogden CL, Yanovski SZ, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. The epidemiology of obesity. Gastroenterology. 2007 May;132(6):2087-102. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.052. PMID: 17498505. This article gave me insight on not only possible physical consequences of obesity but the more mental aspects of obesity. It associates obesity with mental and sexual health issues as well.

Visscher TL, Seidell JC. The public health impact of obesity. Annu Rev Public Health. 2001;22:355-75. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.355. PMID: 11274526. This article gave me a deeper perspective on health impacts of obesity. The first source health impacts of obesity gave me a strong foundation to begin with, and this article allowed me to look even deeper into that. It talked about health issues that may arrise from obesity.

Hruby, A., Manson, J. E., Qi, L., Malik, V. S., Rimm, E. B., Sun, Q., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2016). Determinants and Consequences of Obesity. American journal of public health, 106(9), 1656–1662. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303326 This article was very insightful on giving me information that I was able to use on causes of obesity. It has given me statistics on the association between sleep deprivation and obesity, and at the same time it has given me insight on associations between food choices and obesity.

Virtual Mentor. 2010;12(4):320-323. doi: 10.1001/virtualmentor.2010.12.4.msoc1-1004.  This source gave me visual insight on the media and visual representation of those who are obese. It gives me insight on how those who are overweight are portrayed in society today, and how there is a strong bias against them.

Puhl, R. M., & Heuer, C. A. (2010). Obesity stigma: important considerations for public health. American journal of public health, 100(6), 1019–1028. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.159491. This article gives strong insight on media stereotypes and stigma that has been created towards Obese individuals. This is important as it shows individuals who are obese are unfairly classified to have certain stereotypes such as “lazy, unmotivated” by the general public.

Hall Stuart (1997) Representation Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. From this article I was able to get insight on stereotypes and how they connect to visual representation. Our class reading gives me insight on the ideology of stereotypes.

Nicholas Mizeroff (2015) How to see the world. The reading talks about seeing and how to apply it to visual culture. My research was done on obesity and this reading helped me apply possible visuals on obesity, to my research.

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According to the article Media Portrayal of People Who are Obese conducted a study across national physicians that study revealed that 50% of physicians around the world believed that obese people were noncompliant, unattractive and awkward, one-third of them thought that obese people were "weak willed and lazy" simply based on their visual appearance! Another study shows that as patients weight gained physicians were less motivated to help them. According to the article Obesity Stigma: Important Considerations for Public Health,  numerious studies reveals obese indivudals who are stereotyped "lazy, weak-willed, unsuccessful, unintelligent, lack discipline." This stereotype stigma exists in every day living situations such as at work, health care facilities, grocery stores and even in every day relationships. According to our Sander Gilman reading The deep structure of stereotypes; "Everyone creates stereotypes, and the world cannot function without them." The reading states that stereotypes are created as a way for us to deal with unknown perceptions of the world, for good or bad. In other ways its a way our brain puts meaning to things. Society sees a obese person, and creates stereotypes regarding their personality and this is shown heavily in obesity, it is easy for society to assume that because someone is obese they lack self discipline, motivation and the work ethic to change themselves.

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I also wanted to look at primary causes of obesity, according to Determinants and Consequences of obesity studies have shown that those who increase their intake on processed foods such as potato chips, refined grains, sweets, and unprocessed red meat have a greater weight gain than those who increased their intake on veggies fruits and whole grains. In addition there are other correlations to obesity such as levels of physical activity. A study conducted shown that those who exercised for more than 30 minutes a day had a significantly less weight gain than those who exercercised for less than 30 minutes. Other contributions according to Determinants and Consequences of Obesity include sleep. A study shown with the NHS shows that through a 16 year follow up, women who slept 5 hours or fewer per night were 32% more likely to be obese while women who slept more than 6 horus were 12% more likely to be obese than individuals who slept for 7-8 hours. According to Childhood Obesity: causes and consequences, there are many causes of obesity in a child as well such as snacks, and sugary beverages. It was found that sugary drinks are often "less filling than food and can be consumed quicker, which results in a higher caloric intake.”