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The Battle of Fort Sumter (April 12–13, 1861) was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina by the South Carolina militia the Confederate Army did not yet exist and the return gunfire and subsequent surrender by the United States Army, that started the American Civil War.Several forts had been constructed in Charleston's harbor, including Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie, which were not among the sites seized initially.Following the declaration of secession by South Carolina on December 20, 1860, its authorities demanded that the U.S. Army abandon its facilities in Charleston Harbor.

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Eli Whitney, (born December 8, 1765, Westboro, Massachusetts died January 8, 1825, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.), American inventor, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer, best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin but most important for developing the concept of mass production of interchangeable parts.Whitney’s father was a respected farmer who served as a justice of the peace. In May 1789 Whitney entered Yale College, where he learned many of the new concepts and experiments in science and the applied arts, as technology was then called

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The North Star was a nineteenth-century anti-slavery newspaper published from the Talman Building in Rochester, New York, by abolitionist Frederick Douglass.The Liberator was a newspaper established by Garrison and his supporters founded upon moral principles. The North Star title was a reference to the directions given to runaway slaves trying to reach the Northern states and Canada:Like The Liberator, The North Star published weekly and was four pages long. It sold by subscription of $2 per year to more than 4,000 readers in the United States, Europe, and the Caribbean. The first of its four pages focused on current events concerning abolitionist issues.

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The Great Dismal Swamp is a large swamp in the Coastal Plain Region of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina, between Norfolk, Virginia, and Elizabeth City, North Carolina.The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge was created in 1973 when the Union Camp Corporation of Franklin, Virginia, donated 49,100 acres (199 km2) of land after centuries of logging and other human activities devastated the swamp's ecosystems.The refuge was officially established through the Dismal Swamp Act of 1974, and today consists of over 112,000 acres (450 km) of forested wetlands.

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A musket is a muzzle-loaded long gun that appeared as a smooth bore weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating heavy armor.According to the Etymology Dictionary, firearms were often named after animals, and the word musket derived from the French word mousquette, which is a male sparrowhawk.In England, the musket barrel was cut down from 4 ft (120 cm) to 3 ft (91 cm) around 1630.

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Horace Mann (May 4, 1796 – August 2, 1859) was an American educational reformer and Whig politician known for his commitment to promoting public education.His father was a farmer without much money. From ten years of age to twenty, he had no more than six weeks' schooling during any year, but he made use of the Franklin Public Library, the first public library in America.In 1830, Mann married Charlotte Messer, who was the daughter of the president of Brown University. She died two years later on August 1, 1832, and he never fully recovered from the intense grief and shock that accompanied her death.

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Child labour (British) or child labor  see spelling differences) refers to the exploitation of children through any form of work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school.Child labor has existed to varying extents throughout history. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many children aged 5–14 from poorer families worked in Western nations and their colonies alike.

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hydro-power also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines.Another example of the early use of hydro-power is seen in hushing. Hushing is the use of the power of a wave of water released from a tank in the extraction of metal ores.In the 19th century, French engineer Benoit Fourneyron developed the first hydro-power turbine. This device was implemented in the commercial plant of Niagara Falls in 1895 and it is still operating.

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The Whitman massacre (also known as the Walla Walla massacre and the Whitman Incident) was the murder of Washington missionaries Marcus Whitman and his wife Narcissa, along with eleven others, on November 29, 1847. They were killed by members of the Cayuse tribe who accused him of having poisoned 200 Cayuse in his medical care. The incident began the Cayuse War.

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The Texas Revolt started October 2 1835 and ended April 21 1836 was was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos Texas Mexicans.The revolution began in October 1835, after a decade of political and cultural clashes between the Mexican government and the increasingly large population of American settlers in Texas.In the early 1830s, the army loaned the citizens of Gonzales a small cannon for protection against Indian raids. After a Mexican soldier bludgeoned a Gonzales resident on September 10, 1835, tensions rose even further, and Mexican authorities felt it unwise to leave the settlers with a weapon.

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Araminta Ross was born in 1822 also know ass Harriet Tubman.She was born enslaved in Dorchester country Maryland.Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child.In 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, only to return to Maryland to rescue her family soon after. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other enslaved people to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy.

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The Oregon Trail was a 2,170-mile journey from Missouri to Oregon.The Oregon Trail was laid by fur traders and trappers from about 1811 to 1840, and was only passable on foot or by horseback. To get there people had to cross the Mississippi  river witch was 200 feet deep. The Oregon Trail and its many offshoots were used by about 400,000 settlers, farmers, miners, ranchers, and business owners and their families

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Manifest destiny was a widely held cultural belief in the 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America.With manifest Destiny, American culture expands to all conquered and acquired territories. Everyone who lives in these territories was able to benefit from religion, democracy, and cultural ways of Americans. .Manifest Destiny increased goods, doubled the land area of the U.S services, and wealth.

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He has been called the "Father of Modern Revivalism. he was Born in Warren Connecticut, on August 29 1792. Finney never attended college. His leadership abilities, musical skill 6'3 height, and piercing eyes gained him recognition in his community.He was known for his innovations in preaching and the conduct of religious meetings which often impacted entire communities. They included having women pray out loud in public meetings of mixed sexes.

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The Donner Party was a group of American pioneers who migrated to California in a wagon train from the Midwest.they spent the winter of 1846–1847 snowbound in the Sierra Nevada mountain range.The Donner Party  was a group of American pioneers who migrated to California in a wagon train from the Midwest.In the spring of 1846, almost 500 wagons headed west from Independence. At the rear of the train, a group of nine wagons containing 32 members of the Reed and Donner families and their employees left on May 12. George Donner, born in North Carolina, had gradually moved west to Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, with a one-year sojourn in Texas

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Mountain men were most common in the North American Rocky Mountains from about 1810 through to the 1880. Approximately 3,000 mountain men ranged the mountains between 1820 and 1840, the peak beaver harvesting period .They arose in a natural geographic and economic expansion that was driven by the lucrative earnings available in the North American fur trade, in the wake of the various 1806-07 published accounts of the Lewis and Clark Expeditions

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Child labor, or the use of children as servants and apprentices, has been practiced throughout most of human history.Child labor, or the use of children as servants and apprentices, has been practiced throughout most of human history,The opponents of child labor sought a constitutional amendment authorizing federal child labor legislation and it passed in 1924.

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The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. He was born in Oswald twistle, near Blackburn, around 1720. Blackburn was a town with a population of about 5,000,cloths of linen warp and cotton weft initially imported from India. there were sent to london to be printed At the time, cotton production could not keep up with demand of the textile industry, and Hargreaves spent some time considering how to improve the process.