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I'm very glad that I took this course. While a lot of the information was already familiar to me, it was helpful to reinforce the knowledge and skills that I already had. The skills practice via ITS was the most helpful as we do not get explicit opportunities to practice these skills in medical school. I was able to define skills that I could improve, especially regarding outward demonstrations of empathy and effective reflections. I have not had the opportunity to practice these skills with patients since starting the class, but I have found myself thinking about them in my day-to-day social interactions. They have yielded fewer moments of friction, and more moments of understanding and faster conflict resolution. Thank you Dr. Appel!

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is a song comforting someone going through a hard time from the singer's perspective. It accentuates an foundational component of every skill we learned in this course, talking; moreso being available for your patient/client to talk. "We can talk here on the floor//On the phone, if you prefer," highlights being accessible and meeting them where they're at while practicing shared decision making. "Anxiety, tossing, turning in your sleep//Even if you run away, you still see them in your dreams" represents our skills of reflection which lay the groundwork for better understanding and reframing.

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I think the class material and ITS modules complemented each other well. I thought that ITS modules were helpful and the order that they were assigned also made sense. I thought that ITS modules provided a space to think about different scenarios and practice different skills. I have used all the ITS skills and have seen a positive outcome. For example, I recently used the concept of assigning homework along with SMART goals concept while talking with a patient about initiating an exercise plan. At the end of the conversation, patient had a plan that matched their goal and knew how to overcome challenges and how to evaluate their progress. It seemed like that patient felt more confident about exercising at the end. I am planning to continue using these skills in the future.

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This is Beata Beatrix by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, it depicts Beatrice Portinari from Dante Alighieri's La Vita Nuova. This painting depicts a woman at the border of life and death with the white poppy presented by the red dove depicting laudanum. There is plenty of context to this piece which I could talk about for hours but I mainly chose it to show that the issues of substance use, suicide, and mental health have been issues society has been dealing with for centuries if not millenia. I hope that by illuminating how long we have been dealing with these issues I can minimize the stigma, even if by the smallest amount.

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I would not support a full on ban on social media for children under 14. However, I do think regulations should be implemented that help prevent excessive use and addiction. Stricter parental involvement for children creating accounts from ages 14-18 could help reduce unknown excessive use. That way parents have are not ignorant of their child's social media habits. I would also support strict time limits on accounts under a certain age, again to help prevent excess use and addiction. As a foundation for this, some type of age verification method would also need to be incorporated.

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Addiction, abuse, problematic use and dependence are all terms used to describe what providers formally call addiction (week 7, slide 13). A crucial element of the formal definition of many disorders is the functional impairment involved, which is a good metric to measure excessive social media use. If the behavior is beginning to infringe on social engagement, important responsibilities and overall well being, then it can be considered pathological. Many data support the conclusion that social media can worsen anxiety, and affect body (Braghieri et. al). I think it is a very slippery slope and ultimately must be navigated on an individual basis until rigorously supported diagnostic criteria are standardized.

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I think active listening is very important, is foundation for several skills we covered this quarter, and was discussed several times directly and indirectly over the quarter. American Academy of Family physician has this article (https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/practice-and-career/managing-your-career/physician-well-being/creating-a-culture-of-well-being/listening-techniques.html) about “listening techniques for physicians”, and I think it can be applied to a lot of different professions. The quick three tips in this article are “1) Sit and actively listen 2) WAIT: Why am I talking? 3) Recognize and put aside personal biases”.

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I had a great experience with the material this quarter and I was surprised at how effective the ITS modules could be. I found the ITS modules most effective when I was on the cusp between right and wrong and the corrective prompts helped me to recognize the flaws in my logic or thinking to guide me to the correct answer. During this quarter I have refined my skills of motivational interviewing and have utilized these skills with patients in the clinic.

A specific skill during active listening and motivational interviewing has been the skill of elicit-provide-elicit which has been immensely helpful whenever I feel like a conversation has run up against a wall/obstacle. I feel that my patient interactions have flowed more smoothly and were able to reach their natural conclusions with less friction.

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My experience with online materials was positive. The course content was organized and accessible. The assigned reading felt relevant to the content in the powerpoints and to the linked modules.

I was initially very hesitant about the utility of the ITS modules, but ultimately I found the ITS module empathy helpful. In my street medicine service, showing empathy, and actively listening, is always something I want to do.

In my most recent outreach, it was busy and I was rushing through talking to someone. The ITS module was helpful -- thinking about empathy’s fundamentals helped me slow down and focus on the conversation I was having.

While I do think that reflection, empathy, and cultural responsiveness are best built around other people and with practice, I felt the online course content and ITS modules complemented my formation of these skills.

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I chose the song “Fix You” by Coldplay because it is about supporting someone through difficult times. One part of this course that I appreciated was the patient-centered approach to helping individuals with mental health concerns, giving them a voice in shaping their care. To me, this song reflects being there for someone and being willing to start helping them exactly where they are.

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The online class materials were helpful in developing perspectives and approaches to addressing mental health concerns with patients in a primary care setting. Although these were targeted toward mental health and primary care, it was clear that these skills were relevant and would benefit any type of care one provides. The ITS skill modules were an essential part of the course, helping me to actually apply skills rather than just reading about them. Any opportunity to practice the skills we were learning was greatly appreciated and made that week stand out. I have not been able to use an ITS skill with patients this quarter due to our school's schedule, but I look forward to applying these skills this coming spring when I start clinical rotations.

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While I think social media is harmful for everyone and particularly bad for kids under 14 and ideally they would not use social media, I do not really believe bans are effective in preventing use. Alcohol is illegal, and it is incredibly common for children to drink underage. I think instead we should focus on educating parents on safe social media use for their kids, changing the culture around social media use, and increasing funding and resources for after-school programming and mental health support for kids, so they have less incentive to turn to social media for entertainment and connection.

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Sometimes patients will not have much to say during their appointments, even when their lab results or current health are not the best. Their silence should not be taken as if they do not care or as if you are doing something wrong. Some people prefer to be silent. As a provider, it is my job to read their body language, accept their silence, sit in silence with them if needed, and remind them that we can work on their health care plan on their terms.

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The ITS material gave me the on-the-spot feedback element that I needed from the class. Over time, the questions made me realize that what I thought would be an appropriate response could actually be discouraging to a person. As someone who believes in treating the mind, body, and soul, I like to take very in-depth patient histories. However, after learning about the ITS reflection model, I began reflecting on my questions when taking patient histories and asking myself whether the question I asked was beneficial to the patient or simply out of curiosity. This allowed me to not only condense my line of questioning but also remind myself that some details are okay not to ask.

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Excessive social media use has many of the hallmarks of a behavioral addiction, meaning a form of addiction that depends on your own reward system vs a chemical addiction that modifies reward circuits directly. Behavioral-type addictions (gambling, sex, etc.) have always been less stigmatized but also less recognized as a legitimate disorder. Social media use can be easily classified as an addiction as it is engaged with compulsively, will often be used continuously despite negative life consequences, can build a tolerance—where heavier use is required for the same reward, and people can have withdrawal-type response when they are unable to use it (craving, perseverating, frustration).

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This is such a tricky question, not because I don’t think that social media is net-result: harmful for young people, but because I think they would use it anyway and likely in a more secretive and less monitored way. However, if this was feasible, I would support a ban for children under 14. I think social media is destroying our attention spans and perceptions of reality and young kids with their new and developing brains are not equipped to recognize the harm in this, therefore (like all harmful behaviors) we (as adults) should be responsible for protecting them. Just like with drinking, smoking, etc. there is an age when it can be done more safely and when people can engage in these behaviors with legitimate consent and recognition of consequences.

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My opinion is that there should be a balance of regulation and freedom on social media for minors (<14). Social media is now a central means of communication and networking, for better or worse. That said, some regulation is needed regarding both the amount of time and the type of content children can access. Children are particularly vulnerable and impressionable to sensitive content, as highlighted by Jeffrey Arnett et al., who note that full emotional maturity is not reached until well after adolescence. Additionally, excessive social media use can be considered an addiction, meeting multiple DSM-V criteria for a substance use disorder. As the first generation widely exposed to these platforms at a young age, we are essentially guinea pigs navigating a new social environment. It is my hope that through observation and adjustment, we can learn from both successes and failures in managing social media use among minors.

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Excessive social media (SM) use can meet the DSM-V diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder (SUD) in many ways that are situation-specific. For example, if a person uses SM for longer than intended and it interfered with their life, then they would meet diagnostic criteria. You could nearly combine two of any of the 11 criteria to make the diagnosis in most cases of excessive SM use. While SM is not a physical "substance" in the simplest sense of the word, one can argue that it is a commodity that can be consumed nonetheless.

Interestingly, in week 10, we discussed the use of generative AI in follow up on homework completion and delivering CBT, but there are also AI apps such as Zario that are designed to help solve the problem of excessive SM use. They use AI coaching to manage access to distracting apps like Instagram or TikTok. Another example in which AI can be used as a tool for mental health in primary care.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orQKfIXMiA8

In this video (it’s short, only 6 mins) Arthur Brooks points out that when we reach for our phones every time we feel bored, we lose the quiet moments when we might naturally reflect on deeper questions about meaning and purpose. Over time, that constant distraction can leave people feeling more anxious and lonely. This reminds me of Psalm 46:10, “Be still, and know that I am God”. I think for all of us, stillness is important for clarity and perspective.

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I’m hesitant about a legal ban on social media for kids under 14, but I do think it should be closely monitored. Research from the U.S. Surgeon General links heavy social media use in adolescents with higher rates of anxiety/depression/sleep problems. Every kid is different, but in general I think it makes sense to wait until at least age 14 and then introduce social media gradually and with guidance. Regardless of age, I think helping people understand what social media is (and its potential risks) can make a big difference in how we use it.

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Children are increasingly using social media in daily/ However, use of social media is not without risks. Cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and other risks are associated. In a systematic review examining the outcomes of social media on children, higher usewas correlated with depressive symptoms, increased risk of internalizing and externalizing problems, and body image concerns and disorders. These associations were among others found (Khalaf). Given the numerous data connecting the negative effects of social media on children, and major developmental growths during childhood, bans or limitations on social media use is needed to reduce or minimize detrimental effects on adolescents.

Reference:

1. Khalaf AM, Alubied AA, Khalaf AM, Rifaey AA. The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e42990. Published 2023 Aug 5. doi:10.7759/cureus.42990

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I chose this song, Medicine by Gus Dapperton, because I feel like its themes of addiction and substance use relate to what we learned this quarter. It demonstrates the inner turmoil that many individuals might face if they want to cease substance use; the desire for the positive feelings and effects the substance might bring versus the negative consequences that follow. I think that it really showcases the inner turmoil in attempts of breaking the cycle of substance use, cessation, and relapse. Ideally, with increased empathy, and improved motivational interviewing skills we will all be better providers for patient's struggling with issues such as this.

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I have enjoyed the material taught in this class, and the ITS tools used to reinforce understanding. The practice of identifying certain phrasing and why they are or are not successful communication styles has helped in my own practices already. At one of my practicum appointments this quarter, I saw a patient with FASD. I used many of the MI skills we covered this quarter including reflecting what the patient shared; elicit, provide, elicit; and empathy skills to help her understand her diagnosis and feel part of the treatment plan. The outcome seemed positive, the patient was confident in what steps she could take to improve her situation and expressed gratitude for my help and patience.

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Should there be a ban on social media use for children under 14? Why or why not?

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Should there be a ban on social media use for children under 14? Why or why not?

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The American Psychological Association reports "During adolescent development, brain regions associated with the desire for attention, feedback, and reinforcement from peers become more sensitive. Meanwhile, the brain regions involved in self-control have not fully matured. That can be a recipe for disaster."

I absolutely think there should be a ban on social media use for people under 14 years old. When brains are still developing and judgement and impulse control is not yet fully established, it is imperative that we limit exposures for children. This is not so different from banning alcohol use in kids under 21.

Slowly but surely we are discovering the profound impact that social media can have on brain development (especially in regards to reward pathways) and we should do everything in our power to prevent children's' developing brains from being negatively impacted by this.

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Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction

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Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction

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According to the NIH, drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences. If you replace the word “drug “ with “social media” this definition rings true for many. When people have symptoms of withdrawal, dependence, or impaired control with social media, it as an addiction.

On a societal level, this should be concerning. We have started to replace human connection with social media fill-ins that don’t have the same impact. People may turn to social media for support. But people thousands of miles away (or AI) cannot provide support the way a neighbor can. We are getting to know our neighbors less and the internet world more. This is scary, because not only is excessive social media use precipitating  addiction, it also may impede good quality addiction support which is rooted in human connection.

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I support a ban on social media for children under 14 because young children are not emotionally or mentally ready to handle its risks. Social media can harm self-esteem, increase anxiety, expose children to cyberbullying, and distract from school, sleep, and real-life relationships. Children at this age are still developing judgment and self-control, so strong protection is important. A ban would give them more time to build healthy social skills, confidence, and safer technology habits before being exposed to online pressure.

Ref: AAP COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA. Media Use in School-Aged Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics November 2016,  138 (5) e20162592

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B- Q1: Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction.

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B- Q1: Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction.

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Week 7’s DSM‑5 criteria for substance use disorders—impaired control, social impairment, and tolerance/withdrawal—can also describe how social media becomes addictive. Many people struggle with impaired control by constantly checking their phones and endlessly scrolling. Social impairment appears when social media distracts us from responsibilities or face‑to‑face interactions. Tolerance and withdrawal show up when users need more time online for the same dopamine boost, or feel uneasy when disconnected.

Week 6’s Arnett et al. (2020) finding that 51% of adults aged 18–29 rely on family and social networking sites for support highlights how deeply integrated social media is in young adults’ lives. While it can be a helpful tool, it can also become a crutch, affecting mental health in both positive and negative ways. Have to be careful of social media controlling us and becoming our addiction.

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Option B - Q3 Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics relating to social media and mental health illness with a description in 2-4 sentences.

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Option B - Q3 Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics relating to social media and mental health illness with a description in 2-4 sentences.

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Post Malone’s unfinished song highlights both the good and bad sides of the internet. His message also applies to social media, where people can judge you even if they don’t know you in real life negatively affecting our mental health. These platforms can be great for sharing memories and staying connected, but they can also become harmful and overwhelming. The line “I don’t go on the internet no more” serves as a reminder not to avoid the online world entirely, but to recognize its double‑edged nature and navigate it more mindfully, especially to maintain our mental health.

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I love that we discussed erasing stigma about mental health concerns in this course. I think that one of the biggest reasons patients do not seek out treatment or are undertreated is due to the stigma they feel around their mental health. Many of us are getting degrees where our opinions will hold weight because of the credentials we hold like physician, dentist, and pharmacist, and I believe that we can make an enormous difference by openly talking about and normalizing mental health concerns.

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I found the ITS modules to be helpful in learning the material. They helped me to see practical applications of how the material we are learning throughout each week can be applied to patient interactions. I recently used the ITS skill of empathy at a PCP clinical. I had a patient who recently had a sibling diagnosed with an autosomal dominant genetic condition with serious complications. The patient was very concerned that they potentially have the same genetic condition because they have some similar symptoms. I was able to sit with the patient and listen to their worries and fears about the condition and validate their feelings and help the patient understand that their feelings were normal for someone in their position. The patient really seemed to appreciate having someone listen and show that empathy in a stressful situation.

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(859) NF - The Search - YouTube

This song touches on feelings of being overwhelmed and being under the scrutiny of others all the time. It also talks about how hate from outside sources can have huge negative impacts on people and social media is full of them. I think that for me personally these are big reasons I do not like to use social media.

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I do not think that there should be a ban on social media for people under the age of 14. My primary reason for this is I think it encroaches upon their autonomy. I do not believe that people should be forced to do what is thought to be good for them. Even if it would be good for them from a health prospective, I think it is not others place to say besides parents. But on a societal level it seems a bit controlling to me. I believe that the reality of the world is a lot of things even enjoyable things are unhealthy. I would argue that social media is perhaps not even in the top 3 unhealthy things kids in today’s world are doing. To me a ban is just too extreme a measure.

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This song opens with a reflection of feeling anxious and experiencing insomnia from being overwhelmed with social media/digital influences. The lyrics also highlighted a fear of being alone/social isolation, which may be considered a symptom of withdrawl from social media. This song promotes using grounding practices like breathing exercises to combat overstimulation.

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Clean Bandit & Marina - Disconnect [Official Audio]

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Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction.

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Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction.

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Addiction to substances, according DSM-V, encompasses impaired control, social impairment, use under risky circumstances, and development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms (Week 7 Substance Use Misuse and MH-1, slide 13). These factors can be translated to social media usage, with a key difference being the associated physical health risks. Social media usage, being a behavior and not a substance, have a less discussed intrinsic reward pathway, may fall in the grey zone of whether or not one can be pathologically addicted based on clinical definitions.

However, social media has definite impacts on mental health. In Week 6, we were introduced to Arnett et al's 5 features to emerging adulthood: identity explorations, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and possibilities or optimism; social media can lead to disruptions of these facets, leading to development of mental health concerns, including anxiety and depression. With this in mind, I believe behaviors can be addictive, and social media usage is an example.

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B - Q3: Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics relating to social media and mental health with a description in 2-4 sentences.

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B - Q3: Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics relating to social media and mental health with a description in 2-4 sentences.

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My relevant song is "Champion" by Blackpink. The lyrics "I be winning like it's an addiction" and "I ain't quitting" relate to social media and mental illness by illustrating the dopamine-driven cycle of seeking digital validation and the resulting impaired control over behavior. Additionally, the line "I live in the clouds" represents a detachment from reality where a user ignores the "ticking" of time and real-world consequences, mirroring the risky use and social impairment seen in clinical addiction. This description shows how the song's themes of relentless competition and escapism parallel the behavioral patterns and persistence often associated with social media-related mental health struggles.

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B - Q1: Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction.

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B - Q1: Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction.

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Excessive social media use aligns with addiction frameworks despite the wide discrepancy between lay and professional terminology. Overlapping terms like problematic use, abuse, and dependence suggest a spectrum of behavior that fits the DSM-V pillar of "social impairment due to substance use" (Week 7 Slide 13). Although social media is not a physical substance, I believe its overuse facilitates poor empathy. According to Week 5 Slide 11, poor empathy is marked by discounting others' feelings, communicating negative judgments, or offering generic advice. I observe that excessive users frequently display these traits, ignoring unique individual experiences in favor of detached, judgmental interactions. Because this mirrors the impaired control and social dysfunction found in clinical addiction criteria, I assert that excessive social media use should be classified as an addiction.

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I choose the song "Call Your Mom" by Noah Kahan because it discusses the vulnerabilities of depression. Depression can be difficult, but you don't have to do it alone. Whether this involves having a good support system such as your mom to talk to, medication, or meditation, there are a lot of resources out there to help with depression and they can all work in tandem to pull you out of a dark place, which corresponds to what we had learned in this class.

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Learning the course materials online was helpful for me as I was able to learn at my own speed and convenience. In addition to this, having a homework module such as ITS helped me reinforce and apply the skills that I learned in class into practice. The ITS skills slowly build up my competency and confidence by pull from the concepts that we learned in class into patient base problems. One skill that I learned in this class was the patient engagement questions which has resulted in me getting patients to open up, express their thoughts, and feelings about a particular situation more.

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1. Post a final reflection on your experience with learning online class materials and how the ITS skills complement class content. If you've used an ITS skill this past quarter with patients, share which skill, how you’ve used it, and the outcome. Your answer should be less than 140 words.

I believe I strengthened my ability to integrate ITS skills into real clinical conversations through the materials in this course. I used reflection with a standardized patient discussing opioid use disorder and harm reduction. Naming their ambivalence and validating their fears helped build trust and opened space to talk about treatment options and resources without judgement. In Week 7, learning that 20% of patients treated for mental health conditions also have a co‑occurring SUD reinforced how essential communication skills are. Our patients often don’t present with only one problem. Overall, this asynchronous learning format helped me work on these skills at my own pace, which I really appreciated.

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Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics relating to social media and mental health with a description in 2-4 sentences.

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Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics relating to social media and mental health with a description in 2-4 sentences.

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The song and music video are a satirical take on how social media addiction fuels a culture of narcissism. The repetitive nature of the lyrics echoes how pop trends can limit individual expression in the quest for online approval for a curated presentation of one’s life.

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#SELFIE (Official Music Video) - The Chainsmokers

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Q. Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction.

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Q. Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction.

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There is an ongoing debate among healthcare workers if a non-pharmacological activity can be classified as an 'addiction'. With little evidence to support their physical dependency, these are often termed as 'behavioral addictions' (Week 7, Slide 13). In my opinion, excessive social media use can certainly be classified as a[n] [behavioral] addiction. Like with other forms of addictions, social media usage can be characterized by excessive usage with lack of self-control or regulation, neglect of other social and professional obligations, and continued usage despite negative consequences.

Furthermore, over time, there may be a development of tolerance and experience of irritability, anxiety and mood changes when usage is suddenly decreased just like the symptoms of a withdrawal (Week 7, Slide 13). Mental health conditions disrupt emotions, thinking and behavior. In this regard, social media can be aptly classified as an addiction (Week 4, Slide 9).

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2. Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics from any source that summarizes any course content you found helpful and/or liked. Add a description in 2-3 sentences on how it’s related to your selected topic(s).

The song I thought of was “Lean On Me” by Bill Withers. When I listen to this song, I think about supportive communication and working together. Tying back to this course, its theme of non‑judgmental presence mirrors how clinicians should work alongside patients facing mental health challenges, especially in the setting of concomitant SUD. Fun fact: I actually performed this song in my middle school choir :)

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Bill Withers - Lean On Me (Live in Chicago, 1972)

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If you select option A, then answer both questions by clicking on + sign, then post your answer.

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If you select option A, then answer both questions by clicking on + sign, then post your answer.

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This song reflects vulnerability, self-awareness, and the need for support, which connects closely to trauma-informed care and behavioral health. It mirrors how ITS skills encourage slowing down, acknowledging where someone is at, and using supportive, patient-centered approaches to build confidence and promote healing.

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Learning through online materials worked well for me because the lectures, PPTs, and ITS modules reinforced each other in a practical way. The ITS skills helped translate behavioral health concepts into real conversations I could actually use. One skill I applied this quarter was breaking goals into smaller, realistic steps when discussing behavior change. Instead of overwhelming patients, I focused on what felt manageable and checked confidence before moving forward. This led to better follow-through and less frustration, especially for patients who felt stuck or ambivalent. Overall, the ITS skills complemented the course content by emphasizing collaboration, patient autonomy, and trauma-informed care, making the material feel relevant to real clinical settings.

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If you choose option B, select 2 out of the three questions, click on the + sign, then post your answer.

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If you choose option B, select 2 out of the three questions, click on the + sign, then post your answer.

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There are 2 options for your Final, and you only need to complete One option. You may complete this individually or with a peer. (For those taking the course for 1 credit, you only need to complete one question from option A or B).                                   Post your answer by clicking on the + under your selected option.

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There are 2 options for your Final, and you only need to complete One option. You may complete this individually or with a peer. (For those taking the course for 1 credit, you only need to complete one question from option A or B).                                   Post your answer by clicking on the + under your selected option.

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Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics relating to social media and mental health with a description in 2-4 sentences.

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Should there be a ban or limit on social media use for children under 14? Why or why not? Incorporate at least two concepts from class. Reply in 140 words or less.

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Discuss how excessive social media use is classified as an addiction. Incorporate at least two concepts discussed in class. Your answer should be 140 words or less.

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Post a final reflection on your experience with learning online class materials and how the ITS skills complement class content. If you've used an ITS skill this past quarter with patients, share which skill, how you’ve used it, and the outcome. Your answer should be less than 140 words.

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Select a relevant image, song, meme, video, website, blog, or lyrics from any source that summarizes any course content you found helpful and/or liked. Add a description in 2-4 sentences on how it’s related to your selected topic(s).