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 Jazzmine Munguia- Sarod (Afghanistan/India)

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 Jazzmine Munguia- Sarod (Afghanistan/India)

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The sarod is a stringed instrument commonly used in the classical music traditions of India and has historical connections to Afghanistan. It has a wooden body, a metal fingerboard, and multiple strings that produce a deep, resonant sound. Musicians play the sarod by plucking the strings with a plectrum called a java.

The sarod is featured primarily in Hindustani classical music of North India. It is often used for solo performances as well as accompaniment in classical ensembles. The instrument is known for its ability to create smooth slides between notes, making it especially expressive in the performance of ragas.

Works Cited

“Sarod.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/art/sarod. Accessed 22 June 2026.

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1) Rubab instrument from Afghanistan

2) (Link To Rubab video) https://www.tiktok.com/@rubabshop.com/video/7529584515820440850

3/4) The Rubab is a type of lute that looks like a combo between a wooden guitar and a violin. But the back of the instrument goes down deeper, thicker than a guitar. The Rubabs creation is inspired by many nearby cultures or countries near to Afghanistan. (1)However its origin is held in Central Asia(1). The Rubab is featured in traditional music of Afghanistan. (2) The sound is higher pitched and seems kind of like playing a plastic rubber band. The kind that you could fidget with your hands that you might have gotten from to close a bag of food.

5) Works Cited

Quraishi, et al. “The Art of Afghan Music: Quraishi, Rubab - Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art.” Edited by Nancy Eickel et al., Smithsonian, Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art, 20 May 2017, asia-archive.si.edu/podcast/the-art-of-afghan-music-quraishi-rubab/.

K¯abol, Radio, and Ronald Clyne. Music of Afghanistan | Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, Smithsonian, folkways.si.edu/music-of-afghanistan/central-asia-islamica-world/album/smithsonian. Accessed 22 June 2026.

Rubab Shop “Explore the Sounds of the Rubab: A guide to Afghan music”  TikTok 2025-7-21

(image) Roy, Sylvain. “Le Rubab Afghan.” The Afghan Rubāb, www.afghanrubab.com/en/. Accessed 22 June 2026.

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The Bansuri is a traditional bamboo flute that has around six to seven finger holes. Unlike other traditional flutes, the bansuri's sound is made through controlled breath, contributing to the natural, earthy tone it produces. This flute has played an important role in Indian folk and classical music for centuries, as it serves as a very versatile instrument. Dating back to its origin, it was typically used as a folk instrument played at weddings and religious events. As time progressed, the bansuri was eventually introduced to Indian classical music, leading to some of the classical Indian music heard today. Being such a versatile instrument, the bansuri is typically played in Hindustani classical music, Carnatic music, folk, and devotional music. From a casual setting to a more artistic viewpoint, the bansuri can act as a calming addition and or a lead performance.

Works Cited:

Karni, Daniel. "The Story Of the Bansuri." Ethnic Musical, 12 Apr. 2026, https://www.ethnicmusical.com/bansuri/the-story-of-the-bansuri/

Accessed 22 June 2026.

Flutes, Radhe. "What Is Bansuri? A Complete Guide to the Bansuri Flute." Radhe Flutes, 15 May 2026, https://www.radheflutes.com/blogs/guide/what-is-bansuri

Accessed 22 June 2026.

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Instrument: Ghatam

Country: India

The Ghatam is a traditional percussion instrument from South India. It is made from fired clay and is played by striking the surface with the hands and fingers. The instrument can create different tones depending on where it is struck. The Ghatam is commonly used in Carnatic music and is often performed alongside instruments such as the veena and mridangam. I learned about this instrument while studying the Carnatic Kriti performance "Bantureethi" in Unit 2. The Ghatam helps provide rhythm and adds a unique sound to South Indian classical music.

Works Cited

“Ghatam.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/art/ghatam.

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The tabla is a pair of hand-played drums and has been part of Indian classical music since 18th century. The tabla originates from the Indian subcontinent, but this instrument can also be found in Pakistan and Bangladesh. The tabla consists of two drums called daya and baya. The daya is a higher pitch sound and is generally played with the right hand. The baya is a larger bass pitch and is generally played with the left hand. The daya is made with hardwood and the baya is made with copper. This instrument is usually played during courtesan dance traditions, Hindustani classical music, and can extend to folk, devotional, and fusion genres of music. It can also be found in Carnatic music and most likely is paired with classical dance pieces.

Works Cited:

Pant, Anoushka. “Tabla | Indian Percussion, Hindustani Classical Music, Hand Drum, Origin, Structure, Techniques, & Artists | Britannica.” Edited by Britannica Editors, Tabla, Musical Instrument, 4 Apr. 2025, www.britannica.com/art/tabla.

Accessed 20 June 2026.

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The sitar is a chordophone instrument from Northern India. It is among the most important instruments in the Hindustani (North Indian) classical music tradition. The instrument is made up of 6 or 7 primary playing strings alongside 11 to 13 sypathethic strings that vibrate on their own, creating the instrument's distinctive, buzzing tone. It also has a gourd resonator, intended to improve the projection of the sound from the strings.

Works Cited:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Sitar." Encyclopædia Britannica, www.britannica.com/art/sitar. Accessed 17 June 2026.